[pt] O Empreendedorismo é uma manifestação da capacidade humana que tem conquistado a dedicação de estudiosos e pesquisadores da Administração pelo seu impacto social e por sua importância econômica. O Brasil vem se destacando como um dos países de maior nível de Empreendedorismo no mundo, enquanto cresce a percepção de que a atividade empreendedora pode ser um dos fatores decisivos para o desenvolvimento econômico do país. Estudiosos no tema em outros países sugerem que o ponto inicial e principal do processo do Empreendedorismo é a atividade de buscar oportunidades continuamente e de forma criativa. Desta forma, o processo de identificação de oportunidades torna-se uma nova área de importância vital para o estudo do Empreendedorismo. Este estudo revisou os trabalhos sobre o Empreendedorismo divulgados nos meios classificados entre os mais representativos da pesquisa em Administração desenvolvida no país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender como os empreendedores identificam e tratam oportunidades de criação de novos negócios, e para tal, foi necessário determinar e categorizar as fontes de oportunidades disponíveis. Na revisão teórica foram propostos 2 modelos relacionados, sendo um referente às fontes de oportunidades empreendedoras, e outro, ao processo de identificação de oportunidades e criação de empresas. O estudo baseou-se na aplicação de questionário seguido de entrevistas com empreendedores no Brasil, sobre como identificam as oportunidades que geraram seus empreendimentos. Os resultados indicaram que existe uma grande concentração de novos empreendimentos originados por oportunidades detectadas dentro das empresas, assim como outros originados por pesquisas e até mesmo, por uma inspiração do empreendedor. / [en] Entrepreneurship is the manifestation of human ability that has absorbed Business Administration scholars due to its economic importance and its social impact. Brazil has stood out as one of the countries with the highest level of Entrepreneurship in the world, and the perception that the development of entrepreneurial activities can be one of the decisive factors in a country´s economic development grows at an ever-increasing rate. Scholars in other countries suggest that the initial and principal point in the Entrepreneurship process is the activity of constantly and creatively seeking new business opportunities. This study reviews works on Entrepreneurship in Brazil, published through the various means classified to be the most representative of the Business Administration research conducted in the country. This study aims to achieve a better understanding of how entrepreneurs who have achieved success in their ventures identify and handle new business opportunities. To accomplish this, the sources of opportunities available had to be identified and categorized. Therefore, in the review of Entrepreneurship theory, 2 models relating to this topic were proposed, one referring to the sources of new business opportunities, and the other referring to the process of identifying opportunities and creating new businesses. The study was based on the application of a questionnaire, followed by interviews with entrepreneurs in Brazil. The results indicate that there is a large concentration of new ventures that derived from opportunities detected inside the companies and others that originated from research, as well as ventures that stemmed from the entrepreneur´s inspiration.

Magister Curationis - MCur / Medication errors can result in harm and death, for which nurses are legally liable. The administration of medication by nurses can be improved through education and training to avoid medication errors in future. The study aimed to investigate fourth year Bachelor of Nursing students’ perceptions regarding the clinical learning opportunities and their competence in the administration of oral medication in a general hospital. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. The all-inclusive sample constituted 176 fourth year Bachelor of Nursing students. A total of 125 respondents completed the self- report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were produced through data processing and univariate and bivariate analysis using of SPSS version 22. The study’s findings show that most of the 125 respondents were placed in a medical (92%, 115) and surgical ward (86.4%, 108). However, a total of 59.2% (74) of the 125 respondents did not practice administration of oral medication on a daily basis. The majority of the respondents perceived themselves as competent in the administration of oral medication. However, only a total of 19.2% (24) of the 125 respondents perceived themselves as competent in all 42 skills required for the correct procedure of administration of oral medication. A negative correlation was found between total self-assessment of competence scores and total clinical placement scores. An observation study, using the check list, of the competence of nursing students in the administration of medication is recommended to exclude bias associated with self-assessment. The use of simulation is recommended to enhance the opportunities and competence of the students in the administration of oral medication to many patients.

During November and December 2007 a Minor Field Study was conducted in the southwest of Sri Lanka with the aim of exploring the aspirations and perceptions of freedom and possibilities among a sample of Sri Lankan youth and also how their situation is viewed upon by people in their close surroundings. The aim was also try to discern the main concerns and indicators of unfreedom that in the eye of the informants are viewed as obstacles to development, to personal human development as well as to the development of Sri Lanka as a nation. The theoretical framework that was used as inspirational ground and basis for the formulation of the project, was Amartya Sen’s concept of “development as freedom” and his “capability approach” which focuses on the human potential and what freedom an individual enjoys to convert capabilities into desired functionings or the realization of aspirations. This modern economic theory was tested in this context to find out if it is applicable and relevant in ethnographic development studies. Despite its lack of numerical metrics, the “capability approach” seems very relevant to describe the reality of at least the Lankese youth in this study. As methodology for the qualitative field work, Hadley Cantril’s “aspiration-model” and his “self-anchoring striving scale” was used which provides a simple, easily applicable interview technique for exploring the unique reality of an individual and what it shares or don’t shares with that of others. The results show that there are many strong aspirations among the Sri Lankan youth; aspirations of being a good person that achieve something in life, aspirations of being able to take the best care of the family, to go through a qualitative education and to get a good job with a good salary. Many youth want to go abroad. Of course there are aspirations of peace in the war-torn country. There are concerns and feelings of unfreedom that relate to the unemployment situation, a very difficult economic situation in the country, underdevelopment and inadequate facilities, the ongoing war, and political unfreedom.

For now, vastly growing Web-technology has matured enough to become an attractiveplatform for business applications and organizational information systems. Indeed, largeand small organizations are increasing their investment in Web-based Information Systems(IS) resources, such as Electronic Commerce, Intranets and Extranets. As DIWA(1999) explained that Web technology is often presented as a 'revolution' in informationsystem technologies in the business press, which could propel change from static, hierarchicalstructures to more dynamic, flexible and 'knowledge-based' organizationalforms. To the companies, more and more legacy information and database systems arebeing migrated to Web-based environments. This research aims to analyse and advise enterprises to be Web-based enterprise withchallenges and opportunities. During the research, the author investigated a company that were using the Web-based(applications made available via the World Wide Web) information service. For obtainingreliable conclusions and delivering valuable advises, various research methods wereadopted by the author including qualitative research methodology, analysis, interviews,and literature study. Data was collected through lecture review and in-depth interviews. Undoubtedly, there are some troubles existed in migrating, such as technologies for restructureinformation system structure, resource distribution, benefit analysis, planningand management, operation and maintenance etc. But still obviously, as the research shows that there are many benefits can be got followsthe implementation of Web-based solution, which includes improving efficiency,modernizing company IT environment, providing better IS/IT systems’ maintenanceand providing more agility and functionality etc.

Using a sample of 434 firms listed on U.S. capital markets, including Over-the-counter, and 356 domestically listed firms from 47 countries during 2010 to 2015, this research confirms corporate governance’s positive effect, as well as growth opportunities’ negative effect on firm’s dividend payout. Then, based on the proved relationship above, this research also finds support that cross-listing and Over-the-counter both strengthen the positive relationship between growth opportunities and dividend payout. Meanwhile, although cross-listed and Over-the-counter firms do have stronger corporate governance, no evidence is observed for their strengthening the negative effect of corporate governance on dividend payout.

The previous research, in the internationalization area, indicates that there are both opportunities and challenges when companies operate abroad. By using a SLEPT analysis model, which studies the effect from the countries’ social/cultural, legal, economic, political and technological environments and their effects, it makes the opportunities and challenges more depletive. This makes it easier for companies, which are operating in a foreign country, to handle the situation and therefore, saves both time and money for the companies. The purpose of this study is to present a more conspicuous representation of the opportunities and challenges that companies in an industrial market have to face, during their operation in an emerging market. To gather the necessary information a multiple case study was implemented with three Swedish companies, who all are within the business to business (B2B) area. This study was conducted by interviewing the case companies, which are all established in India. These companies are Bufab AB and two from the Volvo Group (Volvo 3P and Volvo Powertrain). This study demonstrates that the main opportunities are the Indian population, highly educated people, the complaisant government and the fact that it is a low cost market. The challenges that these case companies had to deal with are lack of experience, the law and tariff system is difficult to understand, the laws change frequently, the economic development is rapid and the infrastructure is poor.

Magister Curationis - MCur / The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a formative and summative assessment method used in several health science disciplines. The primary focus of this research study was to explore and describe the experiences of student midwives of the OSCE as used in a specific university context and determine how effective it is in preparing student midwives for clinical practice. However the researcher acknowledges the value of the OSCA (Objective Structured Clinical Assessment), which was not used in the context where the study was conducted. Due to the scarcity of academic literature in South Africa and internationally regarding the experiences of student midwives of OSCE assessments, this research study attempted to increase evidence of students’ experiences for improving the OSCE as an assessment method at a school of nursing used in this study. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore and describe student midwives’ experiences of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination, at the SoN, at a university in the Western Cape, and ascertain whether it prepared them adequately for clinical practice. Research design: A qualitative approach with an exploratory descriptive design was used for the investigation of the student midwives' experiences of this assessment method. Sample: Purposive sampling was utilised to select third year Bachelor of Nursing students, who completed the OSCE during semester one in 2014, at a University in the Western Cape. Nine participants were interviewed. Data collection: The data collection was obtained through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis: The data analysis was done manually using the Thomas (2003) data analysis process. Saturation was reached after nine interviews, when no new relevant knowledge was being acquired. Findings: OSCE preparation was supported by theory and clinical learning opportunities. The OSCE environment was found to be challenging and stressful. Alignment of OSCE stations to clinical skills, theory, clinical practice and appropriateness of time allocation. Students had differing views about their level of confidence and competence. Recommendations: Although the OSCE is a valued instrument in the summative assessment of midwifery students, attention must be given to the careful planning of the OSCE environment and the use of simulation techniques. Adequate support for students is essential, and adherence to a standard method of facilitation in clinical learning, in the skills laboratory, is crucial to fairness in learning and assessment. The direct input from valuable stakeholders in clinical training, such as educators and clinical supervisors, must be considered in order to identify ways to improve the OSCE.

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The Great Commission (Matthew 28:16-20) is as relevant to us today, as it was in the time of the early church. We, too, are sent by Jesus Christ to make disciples of every nation, and to teach them to obey everything the Lord has commanded us. ENM has taken this command very seriously, and in the past decades numerous missionaries were dispatched to nations across the globe. Twenty years ago ENM workers reached Africa, and have been working in many communities on the continent – also in South Africa. The time has come to study and evaluate the work that has been accomplished by the ENM missionaries in Africa. There is a second reason for undertaking the above mentioned research. It is a well-established fact that the Korean churches, in the latter half of the 20th century, have played a major role in evangelizing to the world. Korea has been hailed as the second largest mission sending country in the world. But, sadly, in recent times the missionary enthusiasm, in many churches, has waned (Park 2012: 62). Churches and para-church organizations - including ENM - are all battling with the problem in Korea. However, in Africa the need to hear the Gospel of Jesus and to make disciples of Him, for the establishing and equipping of young churches, is as urgent as ever. Korean missionaries have a great obligation to the continent, an obligation that ENM takes seriously. But in order to function at its best, ENM has to evaluate the work that has been accomplished to date. In order to learn from both the opportunities, and mistakes in a number of African settings over the past twenty years, African Christians and their Korean colleagues need to join hands, in order to face the challenges of the future. This will not only benefit the African churches, but the Korean churches as well. Ideally, African and Korean Christians needed to learn from one another. / Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Science of Religion and Missiology / Unrestricted

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / There have been good arguments made for the development of aggressive affirmative action policies with the end goal of quickly moving black South Africans into corporate and high ranks within management of organisations. One of the central arguments in favour of aggressive AA policies is the risk of racial polarization post-apartheid should a quick fix not be initiated. It makes good business and economic sense for AA policies to be implemented as black consumers coupled with black managers will have the eventual end point of lower unemployment and crime, through job creation and security of the representative majority. / South Africa