Background: Students with ASD are facing challenges in inclusive school settings. Despite some research have explore some components of peer-mediated intervention, there is gap between the practical implementation and current knowledge. Research aim: The research aims to synthesize the knowledge about school-based peer-mediated intervention for children with ASD. Method: The systematic review was applied in this research. Intervention component analysis to identify the component of PMI. Reichow’s evaluation instrument were used to assess the quality of included studies.  Conclusion: The content of peer-mediated intervention includes the PMI types, intervention intent and the combination of phases. Intervention outcome includes the measure methods and the result of outcome. The shared phases of conducting peer-mediated interventions are students recruitment, peer training and students meeting. The components of peer training are training package, deliver method and intensity. The components of students meeting are setting, context and intensity. Three of studies were assessed as strong quality of research, ten studies were assessed as adequate quality of research.

Bakgrund: Ginseng klassas som ett traditionellt växtbaserat läkemedel som säljs inom egenvården på apotek samt hälsokostbutiker. Det påstås att ginseng har en uppiggande effekt och anses vara effektivt mot trötthet. Trötthet finns i olika former och grader samt beror på olika faktorer. Fatigue är också en typ av trötthet men beror på en bakomliggande sjukdom och anses vara mer utmattande än trötthet. Ordet används också för att skilja det från så kallad normal trötthet. Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att genom systematiska sammanställningar och meta-analyser analysera om det finns bevis som stödjer påståendet om att ginseng ska vara effektivt mot trötthet och fatigue.Mål: Hitta systematiska sammanställningar samt meta-analyser genom identifiering av relevant litteratur genom en databassökning, bedöma kvaliteten genom PRISMA och sammanställa resultat för att besvara syftets frågeställning.Metoder: Litteratursökning genom relevanta databaser samt värdera de med hjälp utav PRISMA. Slutligen ska litteraturen sammanställas. Resultat: 4 systematiska sammanställningar samt 1 meta-analys ingick i analysen. De bedömdes vara av medel till hög kvalitet enligt PRISMA. Resultaten variera beroende på vilken typ av ginseng som deltagarna fick. Majoriteten av resultaten från de enskilda studierna tyder på att amerikansk och asiatisk ginseng är effektivt mot fatigue. Röd ginseng är däremot inte lika effektiv. Nio utav de sammanlagda nitton studierna gjordes på friska individer och endast två utav studierna rapporterade att ginseng hade en signifikant förbättring på trötthet.Slutsats: Amerikansk ginseng, följt av asiatisk ginseng, visade sig vara bra mot fatigue. Däremot hade röd ginseng ingen effekt på fatigue i samma grad som amerikansk och asiatisk. Dock är det svårt att påstå hur det fungerar mot just trötthet, då trötthet har många grader och beror på olika faktorer samt att det inte finns tillräckligt med belägg av bra kvalitet som kan styrka påståendet om att det skulle fungera mot trötthet, som inte är orsakad av någon bakomliggande sjukdom som fatigue. / Background: Ginseng is classified as a traditional herbal medicine sold in the self-care section at pharmacies and health food stores. It is claimed that ginseng has a revitalizing effect and is considered effective against tiredness. Tiredness exists in various forms and degrees and depends on various factors. Fatigue is also a type of tiredness but depends on an underlying disease and is more exhausting than tiredness. The word is also used to distinguish it from so-called normal tiredness.Purpose: The aim of this work is to find systematic reviews and meta-analyzes to see if there is evidence supporting the claim that ginseng is effective against tiredness and fatigue.Objective: Find systematic reviews and meta analyzes by identifying relevant literature through a database search, assessing the value of the studies through PRISMA and compiling results to answer the purpose of this work. Method: Literature search through relevant databases and assess the studies based on PRISMA’s checklist. Finally the studies should be compiled.Results: 4 systematic reviews and 1 meta-analysis were obtained. They were to be of average to high quality according to the PRISMA checklist. The results vary depending on the type of ginseng that was given to the participants. Most of the studies indicate that American and Asian ginseng are effective against fatigue. However, the studies indicate that red ginseng is not effective. Conclusion: In conclusion ginseng is effective in people with fatigue, depending on the type of ginseng it is. American ginseng, followed by Asian ginseng, proved to be good against fatigue that’s caused by an underlying illness. However, red ginseng had no effect on fatigue to the same extent as American and Asian. Also, it is difficult to claim how it works against people who are only feeling tired, as normal tiredness has many degrees and depends on various factors and that there is not enough evidence of good quality that can substantiate the claim that it would work against tiredness that’s not caused by an underlying illness.

Internet technology has paved new diversion in crime and victimization. There is voluminous data related to cyber victimization of adolescents and college students, however there is dearth of research related to cyber victimization of adult women. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence of cyber victimization of adult women other than by intimate partner or ex-partner and to find out their risk factors as well as consequences. Articles were searched between January, 2010 to April, 2020 from ProQuest, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, JSTOR, ASSIA and PubMed databases. A total of 2988 studies were extracted, after initial screening, 275 were left for full text review. A total of 14 studies were finally reviewed and qualitatively assessed according to Standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers (Kmet et al., 2004). Three were discarded for not meeting the desired quality rating of > .75. Review comprised of multiethnic and multinational sample of 6019 participants, aged between 17 to 68yrs. Results revealed that women are cyber victimized more as compared to males especially sexual victimization is more prevalent among women than men. The important risk factors identified are age, sexual orientation, lack of social support, low self-esteem, control imbalance, opportunity and risky behaviors. Due to cyber victimization emotional distress, pathological ruminations and depression are reported as consequence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important social problem, but historically the scientific research has focused mostly on the female victims. Several reviews exist on female victims, but no on male victims. The prevalence rates presented in the literature are very heterogeneous, which has been explained by variations in methodology, a lack of a clear recognized definition and a missing golden standard. This thesis reviews prevalence rates in studies on IPV with a male victim, and answers the following questions; (1) What are the total prevalence rates in relation to the different study characteristics and do we see any significant differences within these characteristics? (2) How does the definition of intimate partner violence and study characteristics affect the prevalence rate? (3) What type of relationship do we see between the quality of studies and prevalence rate?A systematic review has been carried out resulting in 49 relevant studies on male victims of IPV. The data from these 49 studies have been extracted based on the operationalization of “definition” in categories of type of violence, type of instrument and number of survey questions and in the operationalization of study quality based on a quality index by Looney et al. (2000). A students t-test and linear regression models was conducted to answer the research questions. This study finds that men are more often victims of psychological violence than physical violence, which is in contrast to female victims. The study also finds that the introduction of each of the definition-variables results in higher prevalence rates. This indicates, that factors related to the definition are important elements in the study of IPV prevalence in male victims.

Purpose: To synthesize evidence on decisional needs assessments and patient decision aid (PtDA) trials based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF) in order to validate the concepts and test the main assertion in the ODSF. Decisional Needs: The systematic review studies (n=45) validated all of the decisional needs identified in the ODSF. Nine new manifestations of ODSF decisional needs emerged (e.g. information overload, unreceptive to information/deliberation, relationship barriers with practitioner). PtDAs: The sub-analysis identified 24 ODSF PtDA trials. Compared to usual care, ODSF PtDAs improved decision quality, addressed decisional needs and reduced decision delay. Further evaluation is needed on downstream impacts of these improvements on decision-making. Conclusions: Using Walker and Avant’s theory testing steps, the integrated findings from the systematic review and sub-analysis validated the ODSF decisional needs concepts and tested the main assertion in the ODSF (that PtDAs address decisional needs and improve decision quality).

Objective: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to examine the overall prevalence of dropout from psychological treatments for problem gambling and gambling disorder and to examine how study, client, and treatment variables influenced dropout rates. Method: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies of cognitive and/or behavioral therapies and motivational interventions for problem gambling and gambling disorder. Meta-analysis was used to calculate an overall weighted dropout rate. Random effect meta-regressions were used to examine covariates of dropout rates. Mixed-effect subgroup analyses were used to examine moderators of dropout rates. Results: The systematic search identified 24 studies (31 dropout rates) comprising 2,791 participants. Using a random-effects model, the overall weighted dropout rate was 39.1%, 95% CI [33.0%, 45.6%]. Increases in the percentage of married participants were significantly associated with lower dropout rates. Dropout rates were significantly higher when dropout was defined as attending all sessions of a treatment protocol compared to when defined as attending a prespecified number of sessions different from the total in the protocol and when defined as study therapists judging participants to be dropouts. Insufficient reporting of some gambling-related variables and other psychological symptom variables prevented a thorough examination of covariates and moderators. Conclusions: A large proportion of individuals drop out of treatment for problem gambling and gambling disorder. Future research should examine the reasons for dropout across marital statuses and should adopt dropout definitions that consider session-by-session symptom change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) This review suggests that a significant proportion of individuals drop out of psychological treatments for problem gambling and gambling disorder. This review also recommends that the field adopt symptom-based dropout definitions to determine the adequate dosage of psychological treatment for problem gambling and gambling disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Background: There is currently no curative treatment method for muscular dystrophy. Physical therapy is extremely important for maintaining the physical functions and delaying the breakdown of muscles that occurs in the affected. Theories say low-intensity training produces positive effects, while high-intensity training speeds up muscle breakdown. However, the evidence and the knowledge of how an optimal training program should be performed for these patient groups is limited.   Objective: To map and compile the effects of physical training in persons with Duchennes, Beckers and Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, and to evaluate the quality of the studies. Method: A systematic review was performed in two databases; PubMed and PEDro. Six studies, three RCT studies and three experimental studies, were found. The studies quality was assessed by using quality templates from SBU. From these studies, relevant data were then extracted to answer the questions of this study.  Results: Four studies provided low-intensity physical training, two moderate-intensity, and one study also included high-intensity training, as interventions. The interventions lasted for 8–24 weeks and focused mainly on aerobic capacity, muscle strength and mobility. All studies showed some type of significantly positive effects through its intervention. The studies were judged to have limited quality and evidence strength. Conclusions: Low-intensity training showed significant improvements in muscle strength, endurance, mobility, and functional movements. The improvements varied depending on the study's intervention design. High-intensity training seems to be harmful to these patient groups. More research, especially more randomized controlled studies, is needed in this field. / Bakgrund: För muskeldystrofisjukdomar existerar idag ingen kurativ behandlingsmetod. Fysioterapi är viktigt för att upprätthålla fysiska funktioner och fördröja muskelnedbrytningen som sker. Teorier säger att lågintensiv träning ger positiva effekter, medan högintensiv träning påskyndar muskelnedbrytningen. Evidensen och kunskapen om hur ett optimalt träningsupplägg ska utformas för dessa patientgrupper är begränsad.    Syfte: Att kartlägga och sammanställa vilka effekter personer med Duchennes-, Beckers- och Limb-girdle muskeldystrofi får av fysisk träning, samt att utvärdera studiernas kvalité. Metod: Genom sökningar i databaserna PubMed och PEDro påträffades sex studier, tre RCT-studier och tre experimentella studier. Studierna kvalitetsgranskades genom kvalitetsmallar från SBU. Ur studierna extraherades relevant data för att svara på studiens frågeställningar. Resultat: Fyra studier använde lågintensiv fysisk träning, två måttligt intensiv, och en studie inkluderade även högintensiv träning, som interventioner. Studierna pågick i 8–24 veckor och inriktade sig främst på aerob kapacitet, muskelstyrka och rörlighet. Alla studier visade på någon typ av signifikant positiv effekt genom dess intervention. Kvaliteten av studierna bedömdes ha en begränsad sammanlagd preliminär evidensstyrka.  Slutsatser: Lågintensiva träningsinterventioner gav signifikanta förbättringar i muskelstyrka- och uthållighet, samt förbättrade funktionella rörelseförmågor. Högintensiv träning kan vara en träningsform som är skadlig för personerna. Mer forskning, framförallt fler randomiserade kontrollerade studier behöver göras inom området.

Orientador: Daniele Cristina Cataneo / Resumo: Introdução: Há evidências que o exercício físico é benéfico em pacientes com câncer pois fornece independência funcional ao indivíduo. Entretanto pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) nesses indivíduos, fazendo-se necessário uma revisão sistemática para reunir estudos que utilizaram esta modalidade de exercício, possibilitando o conhecimento de seus reais efeitos no paciente com câncer. Objetivos: Avaliar a efetividade, viabilidade e segurança do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade nos pacientes com câncer. Método: Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática (RS) de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR), quase randomizados ou controlados que avaliaram o HIIT em pacientes com câncer. Foram avaliados os desfechos: Efetividade (condicionamento físico e qualidade de vida), Viabilidade (fadiga, composição corporal e aderência ao tratamento) e Segurança (efeitos adversos e sobrevida). Todas as buscas foram conduzidas sem restrição de idiomas ou datas nas seguintes bases de dados: Lilacs, Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase e Scopus. Resultados: A pesquisa identificou 333 estudos, dos quais 20 artigos foram incluídos. A duração média da intervenção foi de 9,5 ± 4,7 semanas, com 2,9 ± 0,2 sessões por semana. A meta- análise do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) para o condicionamento físico mostrou superioridade do HIIT em comparação aos Cuidados Usuais (UC) (MD 3,29, IC95% 1,94, 4,64; p<0,00001), mas não quando comparado ao exercício modera... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: There is evidence that physical exercise is beneficial in cancer patients as it provides functional independence to the individual. However, little is known about the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on these individuals, making a systematic review necessary to gather studies that used this exercise modality, enabling the knowledge of its real effects on cancer patients. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility and safety of high-intensity interval training in cancer patients. Method: A systematic review of randomized, quasi-randomized or controlled clinical trials that evaluated HIIT in cancer patients was conducted. The outcomes evaluated were: Effectiveness (physical conditioning and quality of life), Viability (fatigue, body composition and adherence to treatment) and Safety (adverse effects and survival). All searches were conducted without restriction of languages or dates in the following databases: Lilacs, Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus. Results: The research identified 333 studies, of which 20 articles were included. The average duration of the intervention was 9.5 ± 4.7 weeks, with 2.9 ± 0.2 sessions per week. The meta-analysis of oxygen consumption (VO2) for physical conditioning determined superiority of HIIT compared to Usual Care (UC) (MD 3.29, 95% CI 1.94, 4.64; p <0.00001), but not when compared to moderate continuous intensity exercise (MIC) (MD 1.83, 95% CI -0.40, 4.06; p = 0.11). Likewise, d... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Bakgrund: Lateral epikondyalgi är en vanlig åkomma hos den allmänna befolkningen, ofta med långvarig smärta och funktionsnedsättning som följd. I dagsläget finns ingen konsensus om vilken behandling som är bäst vid epikondyalgi, men tejpning anses minska smärtan och underlätta rehabiliteringen. De senaste åren har ny forskning publicerats på tejpning vid epikondyalgi men få systematiska litteraturstudier finns. En sammanställning av den nya litteraturen på tejpning kan leda till tydligare riktlinjer för behandling vid epikondyalgi. Syfte: Systematiskt identifiera, granska och värdera evidensen gällnade tejpnings effekt på smärta vid epikondyalgi. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökningen genomfördes i databasen PubMed. Artiklarna granskades med PEDro-skalan samt GRADE från Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU). Resultat: Åtta artiklar inkluderades i studien, med totalt 279 deltagare. Studierna fick mellan fem och åtta poäng på PEDro-skalan. Evidensgradering enligt GRADE visade på begränsat underlag för kinesiotejp (KT) avseende smärta, men otillräckligt underlag identifierades för samma metod gällande pain-free grip strength (PFGS) och pressure pain threshold (PPT). Otillräckligt underlag identifierades även för diamanttejp och biomekanisk tejpning på smärta, PFGS och PPT. Det är överlag motstridiga resultat för om de olika tejpningsteknikerna förbättrar smärtan hos patienter med epikondyalgi. Konklusion: Evidensen för tejpning vid epikondyalgi är överlag lågt. Fler välutförda studier med liknande frågeställning och metod är av vikt för att möjliggöra förtydligande av evidensen och användningsområdet för de olika tejpningsteknikerna. / Background: Lateral epicondylalgia is a common injury, with a long period of pain and disability as symptoms. At present there is no consensus on which treatments are the best for epicondylalgia, but taping is considered to reduce pain and facilitate rehabilitation. In recent years, new research has been published on taping in epicondylalgia, but few systematic reviews are available. A compilation of the new literature on taping may lead to a clarification in the guidelines for treatment of epicondylalgia. Objective: Systematically identify, review, and examine evidence regarding the effects of taping on pain in individuals with epicondylalgia. Methods: Systematic review. The search was conducted in the database PubMed. The studies were assessed according to PEDro scale and GRADE from Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU). Results: Eight articles were included in the study, with a total of 279 participants. The studies received between five and eight points on the PEDro scale. According to GRADE there were limited evidence for kinesiotape (KT) being able to reduce pain and insufficient evidence for KT having any effect on pain-free grip strength (PFGS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). Insufficient evidence was also identified for diamond tape and biomechanical tape for pain, PFGS and PPT. Conclusion: The evidence for taping in epicondylalgia were in general low. Further well-conducted studies with similar issues and methods are important to clarify the evidence and the use of the different taping techniques.

Objective: Active safety systems, of which antilock braking is a prominent example, are going to play an important role to improve powered two-wheeler (PTW) safety. This paper presents a systematic review of the scientific literature on active safety for PTWs. The aim was to list all systems under development, identify knowledge gaps and recognize promising research areas that require further efforts. Methods: A broad search using “safety” as the main keyword was performed on Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, followed by manual screening to identify eligible papers that underwent a full-text review. Finally, the selected papers were grouped by general technology type and analyzed via structured form to identify the following: specific active safety system, study type, outcome type, population/sample where applicable, and overall findings. Results: Of the 8,000 papers identified with the initial search, 85 were selected for full-text review and 62 were finally included in the study, of which 34 were journal papers. The general technology types identified included antilock braking system, autonomous emergency braking, collision avoidance, intersection support, intelligent transportation systems, curve warning, human machine interface systems, stability control, traction control, and vision assistance. Approximately one third of the studies considered the design and early stage testing of safety systems (n. 22); almost one fourth (n.15) included evaluations of system effectiveness. Conclusions: Our systematic review shows that a multiplicity of active safety systems for PTWs were examined in the scientific literature, but the levels of development are diverse. A few systems are currently available in the series production, whereas other systems are still at the level of early-stage prototypes. Safety benefit assessments were conducted for single systems, however, organized comparisons between systems that may inform the prioritization of future research are lacking. Another area of future analysis is on the combined effects of different safety systems, that may be capitalized for better performance and to maximize the safety impact of new technologies.