Background: Inclusive education can be of great benefit to the development of children and students with special education needs. Nonetheless, regular in-service teachers across several grade levels express their concerns over managing and educating students in need of special supports who are included in classrooms along with their peers. Inclusion-focused training has been suggested as a way to promote teachers’ positive attitudes towards the education of students with different abilities. Thus, this systematic literature review attempted to investigate the effect of in-service training on in-service teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion. Method: The search was carried out through electronic databases including ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar limited to studies published between 1990 and 2020. The quality assessment process was conducted utilizing CASP checklist for randomized control trials. Results: In total, 12 studies were found eligible to include in data synthesis. The quality assessment showed that most studies were of moderate quality concerning study design and generalizability of results. Nine studies reported that in-service training programs had an effect on teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the effect of in-service training on regular classroom teachers’ attitudes across grade-levels. Although the teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion appear to be changed during the intervention process, long-term effects also need to be assessed. The study indicates that system-level supports and resources in the form of in-service training are beneficial for promoting inclusive attitudes among regular classroom teachers.

Most epidemiological studies of high temperature effects on mortality have focused on urban settings, while heat-related health risks in rural areas remain underexplored. To date there has been no meta-analysis of epidemiologic literature concerning heat-related mortality in rural settings. This study aims to systematically review the current literature for assessing heat-related mortality risk among rural populations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2018. Key selection criteria included study location, health endpoints, and study design. Fourteen studies conducted in rural areas in seven countries on four continents met the selection criteria, and eleven were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random effects model, the pooled estimates of relative risks (RRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.030 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.048) and 1.111 (95% CI: 1.045, 1.181) per 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature, respectively. We found excess risks in rural settings not to be smaller than risks in urban settings. Our results suggest that rural populations, like urban populations, are also vulnerable to heat-related mortality. Further evaluation of heat-related mortality among rural populations is warranted to develop public health interventions in rural communities.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Burns are a major problem in Low-Income Countries (LIC) and Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC). Children in LIC have been identified as a burn injury at-risk group. Individuals experience severe psychological and physical distress as a result of burn injuries. However, burns are a systemic problem and their impact is not limited to the individual but impacts the family system as a whole. Therefore, effective post burn interventions for families of child burn survivors are key in order to assist the child burn survivor’s well-being and recovery. The present study hopes to 1) address some of the gaps in knowledge in burn interventions for families of child burn survivors and 2) identify promising psychosocial interventions. A systematic review of literature was conducted that focused on identifying burn interventions for families of child burn survivors. These interventions were evaluated in order to establish which interventions showed promise. This systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews. An integrated quantitative and qualitative appraisal tool was used to review the identified studies. All the available English-medium literature between 1990 and 2019 was reviewed for this study. A literature search was performed in EBSCOhost, Academic Search Complete, PsychArticles, CINAHL plus, Medline, ERIC, SocIndex and Health Source: Nursing/Academic edition. Five studies were identified which included psychosocial interventions for families of child burn survivors. Of these studies only two were of quantitative nature and indicated sufficient evidence with regards to outcomes and efficacy. Three studies were of qualitative nature and indicated subjective evaluation measures to assess efficacy. Interventions identified included a family burns camp, a support group for parents, a support website, a parent participation program during acute paediatric burns management, and a teaching manual. All five studies indicated a degree of efficacy however, support groups in conjunction with psycho-education groups with systemic focus appeared to show the most promise. It is recommended that researchers focus on using quantitative measures in future intervention studies to assist in measuring efficacy. Furthermore, context specific interventions for LIC should be considered.

The focus of this study was to conduct a meta-analytic investigation to combine the results obtained in independent studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of using digital games, as opposed to traditional methods, as a strategy for improving students' performance in high school mathematics. The major question of this study is: "Does the research on the use of games in high school mathematics support the use of games as a teaching strategy for improving student achievement?" To answer this question, meta-analysis was employed. Meta-analysis synthesizes and analyzes the quantitative data collected in independent and multiple empirical studies carried out on similar topics, situations, and hypotheses in order to reach a general judgment regarding the results of these studies. To determine which studies to use, specific criteria including articles published in refereed journals, thesis, and dissertation studies with experimental and control groups, research with effect size, sample size, standard deviation, and means. Based on these criteria, it was decided to include six experimental studies in the meta-analysis. The result showed that there was no significant differences between the use of digital games and traditional methods to teach mathematics in high school. The weighting factor of the two variables, standard deviation and number of participants, may account for the lack of support for gaming over traditional method of instruction.

In recent years, have the focus on Incels increased due to various deadly attacks that have been associated with extreme misogynistic content. This study aims to discuss current online prevention methods’ applicability with respect to Incels and to comprehend if online prevention methods can mitigate future attacks in Nordic countries. To provide knowledge of current online prevention methods a systematic literature review in accordance with the PRISMA was conducted. Several databases e.g., Google Scholar and PsycINFO were searched for articles published in peer-reviewed international journals. Ten articles which included online moderation measures regarding extremist content and Incels were admitted. Additionally, a non-systematic review was conducted in relation to reports regarding Incels published by Nordic organizations. Four reports were found. The Routine Activity Theory was then applied to the results from the papers found in the systematic and the non-systematic review. One limitation of the review is that only a few articles have been included which makes generalizability difficult. Numerous methods can be applied regarding Incels when it comes to online prevention measures. However, current methods seem to consist of a duplexity, where the moderation methods influence different SoMe platforms, but also create echo chambers on encrypted platforms where an increase of Incel radicalization materializes. To mitigate future attacks the use of proactive online prevention methods, e.g., detection tools and connectivity tools should be used by different platforms and law enforcement, as the capable guardian, to allocate imminent threats from Incels.

Interest in the use of medical cannabis for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children has grown over the last decade; however, little is known about its potential benefits and harms, cost-effectiveness, or the perspectives of key stakeholders. In this thesis, a health technology assessment approach was adopted to assess the intended and unintended consequences of medical cannabis use in the treatment of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. This thesis comprises three main sections: (1) a living systematic review of the benefits and harms of medical cannabis for the treatment of pediatric epilepsy, including drug-resistant forms; (2) an economic evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of medical cannabis for the treatment of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy, and (3) qualitative exploration of the perspectives of neurologists and parents of children with drug-resistant epilepsy about the use of medical cannabis in this population. While neurologists generally perceived medical cannabis as a viable treatment option for drug-resistant epilepsy in children, particularly after other treatments have failed, they identified several gaps in the evidence base, including a lack of long-term studies and a lack of evidence related to cannabinoids other than cannabidiol. This is in keeping with the findings of the living systematic review, which support a beneficial role for medical cannabis in reducing seizures associated with drug-resistant epilepsy, although the certainty of the evidence was moderate at best. Parents described experiencing many barriers to accessing medical cannabis for their children, primarily related to finding a health care provider to authorize its use, the high cost of cannabis-based treatments, and a lack of reimbursement through public or private insurance programs. However, cannabinoid oil may be a more cost-effective treatment for some types of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy compared with antiepileptic drugs currently reimbursed by some provincial insurance programs. These findings suggest that medical cannabis is a potentially effective and cost-effective treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy that may addresses an unmet need. However, additional studies are needed to address uncertainty related to the long-term benefits and harms of cannabis-based products, particularly with respect to products available in Canada.

Correspondence and vignette experiments have already been an important part of measuring discrimination in hiring decisions for several decades, especially in terms of ethnic discrimination. Although the body of evidence is growing, no study has provided a systematic overview of age discrimination in recruitment before. Therefore, the present systematic review investigates the effect of age on discrimination levels experienced in the recruitment process, based on 14 correspondence and vignette studies in 12 distinct articles conducted between 2010 and 2019. We assess age discrimination by looking at call-back rates or indicators of hiring/interview invitation likelihood. Data was analyzedin age groups entailing 30-to 35-year-olds as comparators, and 40-to 49-, 50-to 59-, 60-to 65-and over 65-year-olds as experimental groups. Calculating log odds ratios for the respective comparisons, it was concluded that age discrimination in recruitment is indeed an observable issue, with greatest disparities apparent for participants over the age of 60. Certain limitations of this review will have to be overcome in future; such as restrictions in sample sizes and reported issues on the risk of bias.

The present study provides a systematic overview of the most important software requirement prioritization techniques. Software requirement prioritization is a process in software engineering that precludes the actual development of software application programs and deals with assigning priorities to single requirements to define the order of their implementation. The study aims to help researchers and practitioners in deciding about the right technique since each has its advantages and limitations. Compared to the existing reviews, the current one not only captures the most promising techniques but the more general trends behind them. The study utilizes the review protocol method that aims to answer four research questions about the most popular techniques, their taxonomy, their limitations, and involved processes. The empirical data was collected from six databases for scientific manuscripts and put under scrutiny to identify the most relevant and elaborated papers. The results from 53 selected manuscripts and 106 discovered techniques demonstrate that there is evidence of a gradual shift from purely manual elicitation methods to computed-assisted and/or algorithmic ones.

Critical infrastructure is a term to define the network of crucial assets for the functioning of a society and modern economies. The complexity of critical infrastructures and the ability to connect smart devices to these networks make them more vulnerable to cyberattacks. One of the cutting events pointing out gaps and importance of the cyber resilience in the nation's infrastructure systems, including Industrial Control Systems (ICS), was the discovery of Stuxnet in 2010, a malicious computer worm attacking Iranian nuclear facilities. The vulnerability of cyber systems was further revealed by a cyberattack on the SCADA system in Ukraine in 2015. This paper uses both a systematic literature strategy base on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and co-occurrence analysis by VOSviewer, a tool for visualization of similarities, to explore the specific research domains of cyber resilience for critical infrastructures and to understand the current trend of development and future research orientation. Despite the literature's emphasis on essential industries, the results show that, of all exposure parameters, the organization's sector is most consistently connected with the emergence of cyber resilience traits. The sector is also important in terms of the kind of attack and its effect on data. The attacked entities in the sample have a low level of cyber resilience, as evidenced by the surprisingly low intensity of devoted Cyber Security (CS) operational setting, use of CS structures, the resilience of Prevention, Detection, and Recovery controls (PDR), and organizations' reactions to their stakeholders following cyber attacks. The studied countries do not consistently adopt cyber resilience features. The prevalence of resilience traits, on the other hand, seems to have a beneficial influence on the frequency of litigation and sanctions. Furthermore, improved protection, detection, and recovery measures increase the frequency of responsibilities and expectations to stakeholders following cyber assaults.

An evidence-based systematic review of elderberry and elderflower (Sambucus nigra) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.