Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 2006. / Supervisors: Randy Y. Hirokawa, David B. Hingstman. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-141).

<p>The Philippines is a country with a lot to offer within the tourism sector. With its 7107 islands, it offers diversity in culture and a wide range of tourism destinations. However, tourism development in the Philippines has not been as successful as its neighbouring countries. In order to develop the country as an attractive destination, collaboration is needed. The cooperation of different stakeholders as well as the importance of trust and reciprocity is vital for an effective collaboration.</p><p>Destination development within the tourism industry is seen as a collaboration or cooperation between different stakeholders who in part have something to gain in joining the collaboration. The relationship among the stakeholders may be based on previous interactions. In addition, concerning their respective involvement within the collaboration, theories argue that stakeholders do not necessarily exercise equal participation. With the use of the WOW Philippines campaign as an example of collaboration involving several stakeholders, the theories within collaboration shall be examined. At the same time, the theories will aid in researching the factors that may or may not be responsible for the advancements of thecampaign.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the different theories within collaboration with the WOW Philippines campaign as an example of a collaborative endeavour. This thesis is addressed to students within the discipline of tourism development for future studies.</p><p>The researcher has utilized the hypothetico-deductive method which entails the examination of three theories within collaboration. Three hypotheses formulated from these theories will be either confirmed or dismissed in the end of the study.</p><p>With the help of the hypotheses, the researcher has concluded that aspects of trust and reciprocity within collaboration are vital in its success. Although in this case, it refers to a country’s perception of trust and reciprocity. The problem domain i.e. destination development aiming on increasing inbound tourism cannot be said to be the main reason for the achievements of the campaign. It is a contributing factor, as well as, the involvement of the stakeholders. The theories are acceptable in different levels with regard to the WOW Philippines campaign i.e. they cannot be either taken as individual reasons for its advancements or proclaimed as false. These theories are intertwined which means their relevance to each other is important in the case of tourism development in the Philippines.<strong><em></em></strong></p>

Thesis (M.App.Psy.)--University of Waikato, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-112)

Thesis (MA (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / In the new service economy organisations have to distinguish themselves from their competitors in terms of the quality of their service delivery. In order to attain this new goal organisations realise the important role that customers play in their success. Organisations also recognize that modern day customers have different wants and higher expectations regarding service delivery compared to only a decade ago. To live up to these new challenges a novel form of conducting business was introduced to the global labour market: Telephone call centres provide quality and efficient service in the most cost-effective way possible by, inter alia, utilising customer service representatives (CSRs) to attend to clients’ each and every need – this job demand is termed emotional labour. Due to the way in which the CSRs’ work is structured and the wide-ranging demands placed on them, these individuals experience countless and varied stressors on the job. The result, in a nutshell, is that CSRs become emotionally exhausted and eventually leave the call centre. The purpose of the present research study is, therefore, to identify to what extent emotional labour influences CSRs’ feelings of emotional exhaustion, and whether the latter results in detrimental outcomes that undermine organisations’ success and competitive advantage in the marketplace. A large organisation’s call centre operators participated in the study (n = 84). Seven focus groups were conducted for the purpose of qualitative data collection: Six groups consisted of CSRs (N = 30) and one group consisted of team leaders (N = 4). Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the focus group interviews. The participants (n = 84) also completed questionnaires measuring emotional labour, emotional exhaustion, supervisor support, organisational commitment, and intentions to leave. Analysis of the interview data supported the existence of the five theoretical constructs and additional sources of job stress, over and above emotional labour, were identified. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was used to analyse the questionnaire data, followed by multiple regression analysis with organisational commitment and intentions to leave as dependent variables, and the remaining constructs as the predictors. After determining the fit of the measurement model, consisting of the five constructs, a structural model was tested. Both the measurement and structural models produced acceptable goodness-of-fit statistics. The results of the structural model did not indicate a significant correlation between the total construct emotional labour and emotional exhaustion. Significant correlations were found between emotional labour and supervisor support, emotional exhaustion and organisational commitment and intentions to leave respectively, and organisational commitment and intentions to leave. Multiple regression analysis indicated emotional exhaustion is a significant predictor of both lowered organisational commitment and increased intentions to leave. Structural equation modelling indicated emotional exhaustion is causally related to intentions to leave through organisational commitment. The findings are congruent with previous research on the detrimental effect of emotional exhaustion on organisational outcomes and illuminate the complex relationship between emotional labour and emotional exhaustion. Interventions minimising the impact of both emotional labour and emotional exhaustion, within a call centre environment, are explored.

Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The construction industry is a large, diverse and complex industry. In recent times, this industry has experienced a long-lasting period of inactivity. One sector that forms part of the construction industry is the civil engineering sector. This sector is the largest contributor to the income of the industry as a whole. Recent reports indicate that the construction companies within this industry are experiencing many challenges in both the internal and external environments. A preliminary discussion with a number of engineers indicated that these individuals felt as if they were required to do more than what was expected of them in terms of their job requirements. These expectations not only include being expected to voluntarily work overtime and to be tolerant of non-ideal site conditions, but also to informally develop the interpersonal skills necessary to minimise conflict and to motivate and support each other. The majority of the participating companies admitted to having a lack of such voluntary behaviour, namely organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), amongst their engineers on site. It is for this reason that the core objective of the study was to develop and empirically study a structural model that explains the antecedents that contribute the most to the variance in OCB amongst civil engineers on various sites within South African engineering companies. During the preliminary discussion and subsequent literature review, the main antecedent found was personality. A quantitative research method with an ex post facto correlation design was utilised, where primary data was collected from a sample of 119 site employees of a number of South African construction companies. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of four sections, three of which were an amalgamation of the three valid and reliable measuring instruments that reflect the central focus of the structural model, i.e. personality, job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour. The collected data was then analysed by means of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The results of the study indicate that certain personality characteristics do contribute to the occurrence of organisational citizenship behaviour amongst site employees. Within the areas of personality and job satisfaction theories, this research adds to the existing literature on OCB. In order to assist South African industrial psychologists within this industry, managerial implications and suggested interventions pertaining to the research findings are provided. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konstruksiebedryf is 'n groot, diverse en komplekse bedryf. Gedurende die afgelope tydperk, het hierdie bedryf 'n voortdurende tydperk van onaktiwiteit ervaar. Een sektor wat deel vorm van die konstruksiebedryf is die siviele ingenieurswese sektor. Hierdie sektor is die grootste bydraer tot die inkomste van die bedryf as 'n geheel. Onlangse verslae dui daarop dat konstruksie maatskappye in die bedryf baie uitdagings in beide die interne en eksterne omgewings ervaar. 'n Voorlopige bespreking met 'n aantal ingenieurs het daarop gedui dat hierdie individue voel asof dit van hulle verwag word om vrywillig oortyd te werk asook verdraagsaam te wees van die nie-ideale werksterreine en omstandighede. Hulle voel dat die informele ontwikkeling van die interpersonlike vaardighede wat nodig is om konflik te verminder, asook mekaar te motiveer en ondersteun, ook vrywillig verwag word. Die meerderheid van die deelnemende maatskappye het bevestig dat daar ‘n gebrek is aan vrywillige gedrag, naamlik organiesatoriese burgerskap, onder die ingeniers op die werksterrein. Dit is vir hierdie spesifieke rede dat die kern doel van hierdie studie was om ‘n struktrele model te ontwikkel en empiries te bestudeier wat die geskiedenis uiteensit wat die tot die wisseling in OCB onder siviele ingenieurs op verskillende werksterreine in die Suid-Afrikaanse ingenieurs maatskappye. Tydens die voorlopige besprekings en die daaropvolgende literatuuroorsig was persoonlikheid die kern voorafgaande kenmerk. 'n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetode met 'n ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp is gebruik, waar primêre data vanuit 'n steekproof van 119 werknemers van 'n aantal Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksie maatskappye versamel is. Die selftoegepaste vraelys het bestaan uit vier afdelings, waarvan drie 'n samesmelting was van die drie geldige en betroubare meetinstrumente wat die sentrale fokus van die strukturele model, naamlik persoonlikheid, werksbevrediging en organisatoriese burgerskaps-gedrag weerspieël. Die ingesamelde data is deur middel van Parsiële Kleinste Kwadrate Struktuurvergelykingmodellering ontleed. Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat sekere persoonlikheidseienskappe bydra tot die voorkoms van organisatoriese burgerskaps gedrag onder terreinwerknemers. Binne die gebiede van die persoonlikheid- en werkstevredenheid-teorieë, dra hierdie navorsing by tot die bestaande literatuur oor OCB. Ten einde Suid-Afrikaanse bedryfsielkundiges binne hierdie bedryf te help, is bestuurs-implikasies en voorgestelde ingrypings met betrekking tot die navorsing voorskaf.

Nowadays the companies want to make sure that they have strong resources that can face the rapid changes in the environment. One of the most important resources is human resources. The interest of the companies to have committed employees have been increased because there is a big difference between the performance of committed employees and the rest of the employees. Committed employees perform well in the organization and help the organization to grow and face the competitive environment. Based on this, this research aims to evaluate and study the relationship between organizational commitment and individual performance.To do this one of the Multinational corporation(MNC) is selected, this MNC is the Japanese company Kansai Paint who has one subsidiary in Pakistan. The theoretical model of this study was formulated based on one dependent variable which is the individual performance and three independent variables which are an affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment.The data of the research was collected by questionnaires which sent to 100 employees on Kansai Paint in Pakistan, and SPSS testing was used to analyze the data. The finding of the study exposed that the affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment have a positive impact on the individual performance. At the end of the research, the conclusion of the research was drawn and several of recommendations were developed.

Syfte: Det finns ett bevisat samband mellan organisationskultur och organisatoriskt engagemang. Däremot saknas det kunskap om relationen mellan ritualer och ceremonier, som en del av organisationskultur, och organisatoriskt engagemang och teamengagemang. Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur organisatoriska ritualer och ceremonier påverkar unga anställdas organisatoriska engagemang och teamengagemang.   Metod: En kvalitativ forskningsansats genom 13 stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer, med utgångspunkt i en intervjuguide baserad på tidigare forskning. Empirin presenteras i en tematisk analys och diskuteras därefter i relation till tidigare forskning.   Resultat &amp; slutsats: Ritualer och ceremonier påverkar det organisatoriska engagemanget och teamengagemanget hos unga anställda genom fyra konsekvenser; motivation; gemenskap; förståelse och segregation. Dessa fyra konsekvenser leder till en identifiering som, i olika grad, påverkar engagemanget till organisationen och den egna arbetsgruppen.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Ritualer och ceremonier har en positiv påverkan på unga anställdas organisatoriska engagemang och teamengagemang, genom att konsekvenserna av dem är en del av en identifieringsprocess. Organisationer kan således, genom ritualer och ceremonier, påverka det organisatoriska engagemanget och teamengagemanget. Vi bygger vidare på existerande teorier kring att organisatoriskt engagemang och teamengagemang kan samexistera och inte nödvändigtvis är rivaliserande.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi efterfrågar forskning av kvantitativ karaktär för att säkerställa relationen mellan ritualer och ceremonier och organisatoriskt engagemang samt teamengagemang. Vi föreslår även vidare kvalitativa studier i andra kontexter för att testa de konsekvenser vi identifierat i denna studie. Även ungas professional commitment och alkoholens förmedlande effekt på engagemangen är av intresse att vidare studera. / Aim: The relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment has been proven. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the relationship between rituals and ceremonies and organizational commitment and team commitment. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of how organizational rituals and ceremonies affect young employees’ organizational commitment and team commitment.   Method: A qualitative study through 13 semi structured interviews, based on an interview guide built from existing theories. The empiricism is presented in a thematic analysis and latter discussed in relation to existing theories.   Result &amp; Conclusions: Rituals and ceremonies affect the organizational commitment and team commitment of young employees through four consequences; motivation, solidarity; comprehension and segregation. These four consequences lead to an identification that, to different degrees, affects the commitment towards the organization and its own team.   Contribution of the thesis: Rituals and ceremonies have a positive impact on the organizational commitment and team commitment of young employees as a result of their consequences, which lead to an identification process. We build on existing theories of organizational commitment and team commitment on how they can coexist and not necessarily be rivals.   Suggestions for future research: We request for future research of quantitative character of the relation between rituals and ceremonies and organizational commitment and team commitment. We suggest further qualitative studies in other contexts with similar research questions to test the consequences identified in this study. Young employees’ professional commitment deserves more attention, as do the mediating effects alcohol seems to have on commitment.

Os estudos sobre comprometimento organizacional vêm se expandindo no cenário internacional e nacional e apresentam diferentes focos de investigação. A relação entre o Comprometimento Organizacional e a personalidade no referencial teórico do Modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores – Big Five é o objetivo dessa pesquisa. Os participantes foram 269 profissionais entre 17 e 80 anos de idade, oriundos de empresas públicas e privadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sócio-demográfico, uma Escala de Comprometimento Organizacional, e as Escalas Fatoriais de Extroversão, Socialização e Abertura. As análises de Regressão apontaram que as variáveis que apresentam maior efeito sobre o Comprometimento Organizacional foram Abertura e alguns subfatores das Escalas de Extroversão e Socialização. Já a natureza das instituições (pública e privada) influenciou no vínculo que os trabalhadores desenvolvem com a organização sendo que esse vínculo é respaldado por diferentes fatores da personalidade. A percepção dos colaboradores quanto ao apoio que as empresas oferecem para o desenvolvimento profissional e o tempo de atividade no mesmo local de trabalho foram as variáveis mais significativas na interação com o Comprometimento Organizacional. / Studies on commitment to organizations are expanding in both national and international scenes and there are multiple focuses of investigation and research. The study of the relationship between commitment to organizations and personality in the context of the Big Five Model is the goal of this research. The participants were 269 professionals, 17 to 80 years old, working in state-controlled companies or in private companies. The instruments used were a social-demographic questionnaire, the Scale of Organizational Commitment, and the factorial Scales of Extraversion, Agreeableness and Openness. An analysis of regression showed that the variables that had most effect on organizational commitment were openness, some sub-factors of extraversion and agreeableness. No significant relationship was found between these construct. The nature of the institution (state-controlled or private) affected the bond between the workers and the organization, mediated by different personality factors. The perception of the workers about the support the companies offer to personal development and the time of activity in the same company were the most significant variables to determine organizational commitment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio dos Santos Silva.pdf: 409038 bytes, checksum: f80296e6fc32965f849389e4d183ff51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-12 / The aim of this study was to analyze, interpret and discuss the relationship between perceived organizational support, affective organizational commitment and turnover intention and the effect of variables: gender, age, seniority and leadership on turnover intention. The study included 132 workers who work in the state of São Paulo in public and private organizations. As a tool for data collection, a self-administered questionnaire consists of three scales that measured variables were used. This research was aimed to present, interpret and discuss the relationships between variables, but also test the hypotheses concerning the proposed conceptual framework, through a cross-cutting research with quantitative approach, which collected data were analyzed by applying techniques parametric statistics (calculation of descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation, student t test, correlation and multivariate statistical calculations: analysis of hierarchical multiple regression). The processing and analysis of data were performed by the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS, version 19.0 for Windows. The results showed that perceived organizational support and organizational commitment are direct predictors of turnover intention. Variables: gender, age, seniority and leadership showed no significant regression coefficients, therefore we can t state that are antecedents of turnover intention. The results were discussed in light of literature in the field, having been compared with results from other empirical studies. / O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar, interpretar e discutir as relações entre a percepção de suporte organizacional, comprometimento organizacional afetivo e intenção de rotatividade e os efeitos das variáveis: gênero, idade, tempo de trabalho e chefia sobre a intenção de rotatividade. Participaram deste estudo 132 trabalhadores que atuam no estado de São Paulo em organizações públicas e privadas. Como instrumento para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário de autopreenchimento composto por três escalas que mediram as variáveis. A presente pesquisa se propôs a apresentar, interpretar e discutir as relações entre as variáveis, como também, testar as hipóteses referentes ao modelo conceitual proposto, por meio de uma pesquisa de natureza transversal com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados coletados foram analisados por aplicação de técnicas estatísticas paramétricas (cálculos de estatísticas descritivas: médias, desvio padrão, teste t student, correlações e cálculos de estatísticas multivariadas: analise da regressão múltipla hierárquica). O tratamento e análise dos dados foram realizados pelo software estatístico Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS, versão 19.0 para Windows. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que percepção de suporte organizacional e o comprometimento organizacional são preditores diretos de intenção de rotatividade. As variáveis: gênero, idade, tempo de trabalho e chefia não apresentaram coeficientes de regressão significantes, portanto não é possível afirmar que são antecedentes de intenção de rotatividade. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura da área, tendo sido comparados com resultados de outros estudos empíricos.

Os estudos sobre comprometimento organizacional vêm se expandindo no cenário internacional e nacional e apresentam diferentes focos de investigação. A relação entre o Comprometimento Organizacional e a personalidade no referencial teórico do Modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores – Big Five é o objetivo dessa pesquisa. Os participantes foram 269 profissionais entre 17 e 80 anos de idade, oriundos de empresas públicas e privadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sócio-demográfico, uma Escala de Comprometimento Organizacional, e as Escalas Fatoriais de Extroversão, Socialização e Abertura. As análises de Regressão apontaram que as variáveis que apresentam maior efeito sobre o Comprometimento Organizacional foram Abertura e alguns subfatores das Escalas de Extroversão e Socialização. Já a natureza das instituições (pública e privada) influenciou no vínculo que os trabalhadores desenvolvem com a organização sendo que esse vínculo é respaldado por diferentes fatores da personalidade. A percepção dos colaboradores quanto ao apoio que as empresas oferecem para o desenvolvimento profissional e o tempo de atividade no mesmo local de trabalho foram as variáveis mais significativas na interação com o Comprometimento Organizacional. / Studies on commitment to organizations are expanding in both national and international scenes and there are multiple focuses of investigation and research. The study of the relationship between commitment to organizations and personality in the context of the Big Five Model is the goal of this research. The participants were 269 professionals, 17 to 80 years old, working in state-controlled companies or in private companies. The instruments used were a social-demographic questionnaire, the Scale of Organizational Commitment, and the factorial Scales of Extraversion, Agreeableness and Openness. An analysis of regression showed that the variables that had most effect on organizational commitment were openness, some sub-factors of extraversion and agreeableness. No significant relationship was found between these construct. The nature of the institution (state-controlled or private) affected the bond between the workers and the organization, mediated by different personality factors. The perception of the workers about the support the companies offer to personal development and the time of activity in the same company were the most significant variables to determine organizational commitment.