This thesis deals with the demographic aging of the population and the changes which this natural cyclical process brings along. I am not only mapping the current situation and trying to give a forecast of the next fifty years, but I am also trying to identify how the aging will mirror our society and which areas of public life will mostly be affected by it. A substantial part of this thesis is dedicated to the transformation of social services and how it works, which should contribute to the community planning project in the micro region of Bechyne. All theoretical findings in the later part of the thesis are used to evaluate the socio-demographic situation in the mentioned region and subsequently followed by suggestions, which could lead to the improvement of the residents{\crq} quality of life.

Chronic disorder of kidneys is a gradual progression from the state of health to the state of a disease, resulting in permanent failure of excretory, regulatory, and hormonal (metabolic) functions of kidneys. During a kidney failure water and electrolyte imbalance, retention of catabolites, and metabolic acidosis occur; there is a shortage of substances produced in kidneys. A complex metabolic disorder occurs, whose clinic corelate is a uremic syndrom. Conservative treatment consists in adjusting or positive influencing of metabolic deviations through a diet and medication. However, if the conservative treatment is insufficient, it is necessary to proceed to some of the blood purifying methods {--} hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis. These methods are then followed by kidney transplant. Dialysed people have an abnormal life, as a vitally important organ of theirs does not work and is replaced by an apparatus. Patients are faced with many stresses and bans {--} they have to be on a diet with liquid restrictions, they have to take remedies regularly, due to dialysis days they are time limited, their appearance is often changed, they suffer from sexual disfunction, their sickness rate is high, etc. A successful transplant is a great white hope for the patients, but it also has its medical contraindications, therefore it does not concern all the dialysed patients. Thus a big occurence of depressions and suicides among patients cannot be a surprise. Besides medical care it is then necessary to focus on psychological care and social recovery. However, the results of a questionnaire research did not prove the occurence of psychological problems among the clients of dialysis centres. It proved true that the clients of centres are not interested in using psychosocial services, which was the third hypothesis.Further it came out that the clients are not well informed about social services and social benefits. Thus the second hypothesis was confirmed {--} The clients of centres do not know psychosocial services. The first hypothesis {--} Psychosocial workers are not used by hemodialysis centres {--} was also confirmed. The teams of the centres miss a psychologist absolultely and only one centre has a social worker.

The purpose of the study is to study social workers' experiences of communicating with children within the frame of child protection work. This includes the key factors that social workers experience in professional communication with children, how the conversations are designed and implemented, as well as the obstacles and opportunities that may arise in communication with children. The study is based on a qualitative approach, as the purpose of the study is to investigate the social worker's own experience and experiences of communication with children ´s. The empirical material of the study has been acquired through six semi structured interviews with qualified social worker in a children and family. The result shows that there are key aspects that play an important role in professional communication with children, one aspect was the importance of the circumstances and the environment of the conversation. The study shows that the social secretary uses different methods and tools in the implementation of child talks. The result identifies obstacles and opportunities in communication with children, an obstacle raised by social workers was situations where the child did not want to participate and an opportunity is a good conversation environment. Furthermore, the results of the study are discussed based on previous research and theoretical reference framework, which largely confirms what the social worker emphasized for the outcome of the study.

Introductory part of my work delimits concept of charity and concepts related to it, the first chapter formulates fundamental theoretical basis of charitable work. Next chapter briefly summarizes changes of charity practice in Czech and European setting from antiquity to the end of twentieth century according to chosen criteria. The aim of the fourth chapter is describing present activity of Charity of the Czech Republic as a provider of social services, the fifth chapter delimits some specifics of charity work in the context of dialogue between theology and social work. Empirical part tries to find out (by the form of semi- structured interviews with directors of professional charities, in the basis of content analysis and by the participating observation), what is the specific character of charitable helping practice that gives to its activity long-term orientation and an unmistakable position at social services market.

The master's thesis is focused on the current topic of aging population. This coincided with the growing need for care for the elderly, and this fact is reflected in the Czech legislation. Thesis is focused on care allowance and its use for the care of social services specific clientele consisting of seniors. This thesis is composed of a total of four chapters. The first chapter is mentioned the history of social legislation. In the second chapter is analyzed the phenomenon of aging and old age, including its downsides, and demographics. The third, crucial chapter of this thesis is devoted to the institute of care allowance in terms of its use by the addressees - particularly by the seniors. This chapter also mentions the conditions for entitlement to care allowance and control its use. The third chapter also contains demographic data and analysis of the purchasing power of the care allowance in relation to period of care for a dependent person. It contains analysis of care allowance use with a budget for individual days to payment care of dependent person. Last, described the shortcomings of the legislation and any attempt to outline possible solutions de lege ferenda. The fourth, final chapter is then devoted to social services, which can seniors thanks to the care allowance to ensure. Also...

The diploma is dedicated to the activation of seniors with dementia. The aim of the work is to outline the issue of progress and benefit of activation in seniors with dementia. The theoretical part deals with the theme of aging and aging with respect to various theoretical definitions. I have guided the dementia chapter, which is one of the most common problems of the aging population. I also deal with the overview of the social services that focus to seniors. At the end of the theoretical part I outline the benefits of activation of seniors with dementia and provide an overview of commonly used therapies in social care facilities. In the practical part I focused on the activities carried out in two residential establishments with seniors with dementia. For my research, I have chosen a qualitative approach and a semi- structured interview technique with residential workers. The output from the research is a discussion in which I describe the comparison of theoretical and factual information and propose other possibilities for research in this field.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe concerns of well-being in adults of different ages. The factors that have an impact on the sense of reduced well-being of adults in various age groups were analysed, and the population groups in the most compromising position in terms of well-being identified. The objective of this study was to produce information for well-being promoting decision making in the planning of social, health and welfare services. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the study. The material was collected for the Pohjoisen hyvinvoinnin tietopaikka project (ESR) by using a questionnaire at the end of year 2012. The data consisted of answers from 1458 questionnaires. The answer percentage was 49. The qualitative data, based on the open-ended questions, was analysed by deductive content analysis. For the analysis of the quantitative data the SPSS 23 program was used. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and the Chi-squared test was used to examine association between the variables. According to the results of this research, the concerns of the youngest adults were more diverse and focused on more areas of well-being than those of the older adults. In all age groups, economic situation and physical health were factors that had a welfare reducing impact. Similarly, the economic situation, which was perceived as having welfare reducing impacts, was generally perceived as having a connection with the other welfare reducing areas in all age groups. The perception of the welfare reducing impact of the different areas of well-being was especially common among females, informants with low educational background, informants living alone, informants with low income and the working age informants who were unemployed. The scientific relevance of the results of this study can be justified with the novelty value of the information. Well-being has not been studied in the context of health sciences from this particular research angle before. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvailla eri-ikäisten aikuisten hyvinvointiin liittyviä huolia ja kartoittaa ikäryhmittäin hyvinvointia heikentäviä tekijöitä sekä hyvinvoinniltaan heikoimmassa asemassa olevia väestöryhmiä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tuottaa tietoa eri-ikäisen aikuisväestön hyvinvoinnin edistämiseen tähtäävään päätöksentekoon sekä sosiaali-, terveys- ja hyvinvointipalveluiden suunnitteluun. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin kvalitatiivista ja kvantitatiivista tutkimusmenetelmää. Aineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeella vuoden 2012 lopulla Pohjoisen hyvinvoinnin tietopaikka-hankkeelle (ESR). Aineisto koostui 1458 kyselylomakkeen vastauksista. Kyselyn vastausprosentti oli 49. Avoimiin kysymyksiin perustuva laadullinen aineisto analysoitiin deduktiivisella sisällönanalyysillä. Määrällinen aineisto analysoitiin SPSS 23-ohjelmalla laskemalla frekvenssejä ja prosenttiosuuksia sekä tutkimalla muuttujien välisiä yhteyksiä khiin neliötestillä. Tulosten mukaan nuorimpien aikuisten huolet olivat moninaisempia ja useampiin hyvinvoinnin osa-alueisiin kohdistuvia kuin vanhempien aikuisten. Taloudellinen tilanne ja fyysinen terveys olivat yleisiä hyvinvointia heikentäviä tekijöitä kaikissa ikäryhmissä. Lisäksi taloudelliseen tilanteeseen liitetyillä hyvinvoinnin heikkenemiskokemuksilla oli kaikissa ikäryhmissä yleinen yhteys muihin hyvinvoinnin osa-alueisiin kohdistettaviin vastaaviin kokemuksiin. Hyvinvoinnin heikkenemiskokemukset liittyivät erityisesti naissukupuoleen, matalaan koulutustasoon, ilman parisuhdetta asumiseen, alhaiseen tulotasoon sekä työikäisillä työelämän ulkopuolella olemiseen. Tutkimuksen tieteellinen merkitys perustuu sen tuottaman tiedon uutuusarvoon, sillä hyvinvointia koskevaa tutkimusta ei ole hoitotieteessä aiemmin tehty vastaavasta näkökulmasta.

v anglickém jazyce My thesis deals with the problematics of intercultural work with migrants, i. e. with foreigners who live here legally, and with its role in the system of social services in the Czech Republic. Because the position of an intercultural worker is comparatively new in our milieu, I concentrated first on the description of the work and the definition of the kinds of problems that the worker may face, and only then on the specification of the goals of intercultural work as such. Drawing on my personal experience with the work, I then tried to describe competences and role of an intercultural worker with respect to his or her involvement in the system of social services. I also conducted an opinion poll among the intercultural workers and their institution. This topic is now quite current and I hope that my work will help improve the situation in this field.

The aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding about the function of control in the inspection process and to increase the knowledge about the legitimacy and impact from inspection on different types of social and welfare services. In the thesis the form and legitimacy of the inspection process are studied in two types of social services in Sweden: a less complex service where the task to investigate and make decisions about social care dominates (IAD), and a more complex service where the task to provide treatment interventions dominates (TI). The data consists of policy documents, inspection reports, casefile documentation, and interviews with inspectors, politicians, managers and social workers. The inspection process is discussed in relation to theories about control systems and legitimacy processes. Inspection is a policy instrument whose standards are derived from legislations and where those subject to the inspection are obliged to meet the demands made by the inspectorates. This form of disciplinary control has been questioned given that its complexity makes it hard to regulate the practice of social work through detailed rules. By including a less disciplinary form of control the instrument’s ability to impact on more complex aspects of social services are expected to increase. The results show a difference in how the inspection process is set up in the two types of services. In the IAD services the process takes the form of a disciplinary control system, whereas the process in TI services initially takes the form of a non-disciplinary system. In spite of the differences observed in the initial stages of the process, the results show that the judgments of inspectors in both types of services are almost exclusively based on information about concrete and detailed aspects. This entails that the judgements of inspectors in both types of services mostly take the form of statements on simple observable and concrete conditions, whereas judgments about more complex aspects are rarely made. The study also shows that although the propriety and relevance of the inspectors’ judgements are questioned more in TI organisations inspections seem to have greater validity and impact on TI than on IAD organisations. The results of the thesis point to two explanations. One explanation is that the costs of dealing with the problems underlying the identified deficiencies are lower for TI than IAD organisations. This in turn leads to greater acceptance of carrying out the proposed measures in TI than in IAD organisations. Another possible explanation is that the potential sanctions are greater for TI than IAD organisations.

Socialtjänsten är idag drabbad av en hög arbetsbelastning, något som lett till hög personal omsättning och en hög andel arbetsrelaterade besvär. Flera statliga utredningar av situationen likväl inlägg från intresseorganisationer som SKL och fackförbund föreslår att ett led i att hantera situationen är genom specialisering. Specialiseringen ska bestå i inrättandet av specialistutbildningar och specialisttjänstemän. Studien ger med hjälp av en kartläggning en nulägesbild av specialisttjänsternas förekomst, hur de benämns och inom vilka verksamhetsområden de verkar. Med hjälp av en abduktiv ansats används nyinstitutionell organisationsteori i ett försök att förstå specialisttjänsterna utifrån socialchefers uppfattningar av dessa. / Today the Swedish social services are suffering from high workloads. Consequently this has led to poor retention and high turnover rates. Several Official Reports of the Swedish Governemnt as well as input from unions and Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions suggests that one way to handle the situation is through a more specialized social service. The suggested specialization includes masterprograms in socialwork (MSW, 60 ECT) for social workers and specialized civil servants. The present study will examine the prevalence of this kind of specialists, what they are called, their function and in what parts of the social services they serve. In the present studie I will atempt to understand specialized civil servants from interviews with social service managers perceptions using abduction and neoinstutitional organizational theory.