This thesis examines the treatment of Native American and Jewish American characters in four of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short stories: “Bernice Bobs Her Hair” (1920), “The Passionate Eskimo” (1935), “May Day” (1930), and “The Hotel Child” (1931). Little critical attention has been given to these stories even though they illustrate Fitzgerald’s awareness of the negative ramifications of culturally destructive views and an exploration of new culturally pluralistic ideas. In these stories, Fitzgerald undermines common ethnic stereotypes and demonstrates tension between the intolerance of the American public and the fear of immigrant influence. Fitzgerald is able to re-image the representation of members of these groups and show the evolution of his views on ethnicity and culture. In conclusion, this thesis argues that these stories reveal Fitzgerald’s interest in supporting some level of cultural pluralism and his need to tolerate, if not accept, the differences in the beliefs and cultures in America.

La trisomie 21 (t21) est l'anomalie génétique la plus fréquente à l'origine d'une déficience intellectuelle. Bien que la recherche concernant le stéréotype social de la t21 soit limitée, les personnes porteuses de t21, et particulièrement les enfants, semblent être associées à des traits de personnalité tels que « affectueux » et « heureux », les caractéristiques positives l'emportant sur les négatives comme « retardé ». Cependant, ce stéréotype positif coexiste avec des attitudes ambivalentes notamment à propos de l'intégration scolaire de ces enfants. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier ce stéréotype au niveau implicite ainsi que l'impact des caractéristiques faciales sur le stéréotype au niveau explicite et implicite. Nos résultats confirment d'une part, un stéréotype social positif explicite dans des échantillons d'étudiants, d'adultes non étudiant et de professionnels du handicap intellectuel. Les visages d'enfants présentant plus de traits faciaux associés à la t21 sont associés à un stéréotype moins positif que ceux en présentant moins. D'autre part, nous mettons en évidence un stéréotype négatif au niveau implicite, même chez les professionnels du handicap. Nous étudions l'influence des variables individuelles sexe, familiarité avec la t21 et théories implicites de l'intelligence sur le stéréotype explicite et implicite. Puis, nous montrons une relation négative entre la typicalité des visages et le jugement sur l'intelligence alors que nous n'observons pas de relation significative entre la typicalité des visages et le niveau cognitif. Nous discutons l'implication de ces résultats sur l'étude du stéréotype et sur les personnes stigmatisées. / Trisomy 21 (t21) or Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability. Although research on the social stereotype toward t21 is very limited, it seems that persons with t21 are typically viewed as “affectionate” and “happy”; with positive personality traits prevailing over the negative ones (e.g., “mentally retarded”). However, this positive stereotype coexists with ambivalent attitudes. The main objective of this study was to investigate the stereotype at the implicit level and the impact of t21 facial features on the stereotype of t21 at the both explicit and implicit levels. Our results confirm, on one hand, a positive social stereotype explicit in samples of young adult students, non-student adults and professional caregivers working with intellectually disabled persons. The positive bias typically found in explicit judgments of children with t21 is smaller for those whose facial features are highly characteristic of this disorder, compared to their counterparts with less distinctive features and to typically developing children. On the other hand, we also show that this bias can coexist with negative evaluations at the implicit level, even among professional caregivers but to a lesser extent. We study the influence of individual variables sex, familiarity with the t21 and implicit theories of intelligence on explicit and implicit stereotypes. Finally, we show a negative relationship between t21 typicality of faces and the judgment of the intelligence as we do not observe a significant relationship between typicality and the cognitive level. We discuss the implications of these results.

The objective of this thesis, The Image of a Journalist in Hollywood Film, is to interpret the images of journalists created in Hollywood films in the period from 1997 to 2007 by means of qualitative and comparative analyses. The analysis is carried out based on journalist characters appearing as protagonists in thirteen motion pictures from the given period. The comparison of the characters is executed within three groups, classified according to the type of journalist - investigative journalists, celebrity and lifestyle journalists and television anchormen and reporters. The characters are compared to each other from the point of view of physical appearance, character traits, family and social relations, their attitude towards authorities, the most common stereotypes and other character's perception of them. The summarization and data evaluation of the analysis confirms that journalist stereotypes do not often occur in this period, the protagonists are predominantly portrayed as heroes and that the differences outweigh the similarities.

The master thesis named The Transformation of Presentation of the Middle East Population in Post-9/11 American Films aims to closely analyze eight chosen mainstream American films with the help of the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The plot of the observed films has to be placed in the Middle East, picture terrorism or contain the Arabs or Muslims as characters. On the basis of a wide range of criteria and the final comparison, the thesis focuses on the comparison of the Hollywood movies which were created before and after the terrorist attacks in New York in 2001. The theoretical chapters are dedicated to the introduction of the social construction of reality, stereotyping and one-dimensional description of the Arabs in Hollywood films and mainly to the deep introduction of West and Islamic culture, not only from the historic but also cultural and valuable point of view. The applied methodology follows after. The detailed analysis of the chosen films is accompanied by photographs and excerpts directly from the films to help readers to understand the differences as much as possible. This part is followed by the final evaluation of the analysis on the basis of the comparison of the observed criteria. The hypothesis is confirmed at the end but there are also some other important...

The thesis "Gender stereotypes in the communication of retail chains on Facebook" deals with the topic of gender stereotyping in the Facebook network. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the theoretical foundations are analyzed. The introductory part of the thesis introduces new media, their theoretical basis and history, and then defines the social network Facebook, on which this work focuses. The thesis focuses on gender and gender stereotypes, specifically the gender stereotyping of women. The aim of this thesis is to transfer the outlined theoretical basis, which focuses primarily on new media and gender stereotypes, into practice and to analyze the presence of female gender stereotypes on Facebook pages on the Czech market that primarily target the female audience. Specifically, it is examined whether and how retail chains use female gender stereotypes to communicate, frequency and what types of female stereotypes are most common, and whether the use of gender stereotyping of women changes over time. At the same time, the work also focuses on women's autostereotypes, specifically how women respond to the presence of female gender stereotypes in Facebook communication and whether there is a visible difference from communication without using gender stereotyping of women.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiana Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 5802503 bytes, checksum: 8bec810b8557920ffe1457148883605a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-03 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This present work has as a purposal to analyze the language of the motoboys of São Paulo and the creation of a personalized slang that reflects a class of workers‟ world view that is connected to a stereotype of violence and irresponsible. We also intend, by a Conversation Analysis theory, verify how the language that individualize the group structures, when integrated with other motoboys. Then, we will have as corpus interviews and legends published photos in the site Canal Motoboy, in which 12 motoboys, armed of last generation cell phones, register the main problems of a great city as São Paulo. The study, therefore, will follow in two ways: to verify the identification of the integrants of the social group motoboys, the creation of a bow of solidarity by means of the language and, on the other hand, how the use of these words is a way of the society to confirm the negative (stereotyped) image of the professional category / O presente trabalho tem como proposta analisar a linguagem dos motoboys de São Paulo e a criação de vocábulos gírios que refletem a visão de mundo de uma categoria profissional que tem a sua imagem vinculada a um estereótipo de violência e irresponsabilidade. Pretendemos também, à luz da teoria da Análise da Conversação, verificar como se estrutura a linguagem que caracteriza o grupo, quando da interação com outros motoboys. Para tanto, teremos como corpus entrevistas e legendas de fotos publicadas no site Canal Motoboy, no qual 12 motoboys, munidos de celulares de última geração, registram os principais problemas de uma grande cidade como São Paulo. O estudo, portanto, seguirá por dois caminhos: verificar a identificação dos integrantes do grupo social motoboys, a criação de um laço de solidariedade por meio da linguagem e, por outro lado, de como o uso destes vocábulos é, também, uma maneira de a sociedade confirmar a imagem negativa (estereotipada), estigmatizando a categoria profissional

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2017-08-23T12:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Gabriela_Ribeiro_Zanardo.pdf: 1713334 bytes, checksum: 6c785e45ae12dc067ac902f1afda0b2f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T12:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Gabriela_Ribeiro_Zanardo.pdf: 1713334 bytes, checksum: 6c785e45ae12dc067ac902f1afda0b2f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Since the Industrial Revolution, individuals search for professions which grant them social status. The first current of thought of the Theory of Professions claims that professions were created to meet the society's needs. However, subsequent theories (which have been adopted for this paper), presume that the main objective of any profession is to attain social status. In order to reach this goal, the society must develop a positive representation of the profession and its professionals. The social representations are non-scientific explanations of reality, making common and familiar objects accessible to a whole group through historical insight, full of cognitive approaches and interpretative distortions of individuals about objects. The literature analyzed here shows that the stereotypes created for the accountancy professional are predominantly negative, making the task of recruiting good students more difficult in this field. Professional class agencies are the main responsible for the profession, and their target is the attainment of professional status. Faced with this situation, this paper aims to identify and analyze the stereotypes in the rhetoric of the professional class agency for Brazilian accountants from 1962 to 2014. Through an exploratory and qualitative research, it was possible making a prior selection of stereotypes by means of the analysis of literature extracted from the 285 informative newsletters published by the CRC/SP. The data has been analyzed from the perspective of a historical-economical recapitulation, in parallel with the main accountancy milestones in Brazil. The obtained results confirm what Jeacle (2008) states: there is a relationship between positive and negative stereotypes, since both had the same behavior in many decades and, whenever the negative stereotypes were confirmed, the positive ones were confirmed as well. It was not possible establishing the same relationship with the neutral stereotypes group. The results also indicate that the accountancy professionals adapt themselves to the external changes by changing the signs of representation exposed to the society. It was also possible to observe that, in times of international crisis and threat to the accountancy professional outlook, the CRC/SP kept sharing signs that would depict this professional as competent and trustworthy. / Desde a revolu????o industrial os indiv??duos buscam profiss??es que mais lhe trar??o status social. A primeira corrente da Teoria das Profiss??es defende que as profiss??es surgiram para atender necessidades da sociedade, entretanto, as teorias posteriores, e adotadas por esse trabalho, assumem que o principal objetivo de qualquer profiss??o ?? o status social. A fim de atender a esse objetivo ?? necess??rio que a sociedade crie uma representa????o positiva sobre a profiss??o e seus profissionais. As representa????es sociais s??o explica????es n??o cient??ficas sobre a realidade, tornando, de maneira acess??vel, objetos familiares e comuns a todo um grupo atrav??s da percep????o hist??rica repleta de vieses cognitivos e distor????es interpretativas de indiv??duos sobre objetos. A literatura analisada indica que os estereotipos criados sobre o profissional cont??bil s??o predominantemente negativos, dificultando a capta????o de bons estudantes. Os ??rg??os de classe profissionais s??o os principais responsaveis pela profiss??o e almejam o status profissional. Diante disso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os estere??tipos no discurso do ??rg??o de classe profissional cont??bil brasileiro, no per??odo de 1962 a 2014. Atrav??s de uma pesquisa qualitativa e explorat??ria criou-se uma sele????o pr??via de estere??tipos selecionados atrav??s da literatura analisada que foram pesquisados nos 285 boletins informativos publicados pelo CRC SP. Os dados foram analisados a partir de uma recapitula????o hist??rico-econ??mica e em paralelo com os principais marcos da contabilidade no Brasil. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a afirma????o de Jeacle (2008) de que h?? rela????o entre os estere??tipos negativos e positivos, j?? que em diversas d??cadas ambos tiveram o mesmo comportamento, quando houve confirma????o dos negativos, os positivos tamb??m se confirmaram. N??o foi poss??vel estabelecer a mesma rela????o com o grupo de estere??tipos neutros. Tamb??m foi poss??vel confirmar a ruptura da representa????o ocorrida nas d??cadas de 80/90 mencionadas nos trabalhos de Bougen (1994); Dinmik e Felton (2006); Cotsa, Weffort; Cia (2011). E que, a partir de 2010, houve uma nova ruptura que retoma a imagem do profissional retratada nas primeiras d??cadas desse estudo (60/70). Os resultados tamb??m indicam que os profissionais se adaptam ??s mudan??as externas alterando os signos de representa????es expostos ?? sociedade conforme contexto econ??mico, pol??tico e social.

This thesis analyzes how children and youth being resettled from Kenya and Sudan were prepared for their upcoming resettlement to Sweden, through cultural orientation programs (COPs). COPs are held for refugees who have been granted permanent Swedish residence and are undergoing resettlement to Sweden. The Swedish Migration Board, in charge of resettlement, carries out COPs as a means to inform and prepare refugees for the move to Sweden. This thesis is based on ethnographic work carried out during COPs held in Kenya and Sudan in 2011. Through video-based observation of the meetings between the Swedish delegations and children and youth, current thesis examines what notions of resettlement and refugeeness inform the delegations work, and how does the children’s agency come about during these meetings? The thesis includes three articles. Article 1 examines how the delegations make use of images in order to establish certain ideas of Sweden and the ideal citizen specifically tailored for the group being resettled. Article 2 explores children’s agency within the COPs, focusing on how the children and youth manage the meetings and sometimes resisting being positioned in certain ways by the delegations. Article 3 analyzes how notions of gender equality are drawn upon by the delegations during their work, a topic frequently highlighted by the delegations in various implicit and dilemmatic ways. The thesis shows how the delegations’ work is carried out in paradoxical ways. Their quest to bring forth the ideal future as a means to instill hope among the children simultaneously ends up categorizing them as different and as others. The representatives draw  n ideas that the children need to be socialized in order to be incorporated into another “us”. / Avhandlingen undersöker hur barn och ungdomar förbereds inför sin vidarebosättning genom så kallade Sverigeprogram. Avhandlingen är baserad på en etnografisk studie där video observationer genomförts av Sverigeprogram som hölls utav Migrationsverket i Kenya och Sudan för familjer som var på väg att vidarebosättas till Sverige. Som ett led i vidarebosättningsprocessen informeras och förbereds flyktingar inför flytten till Sverige. Syftet är att informera och presentera Sverige, skapa dialog och verka för flyktingarnas aktiva medverkan i sin vidarebosättningsprocess. Sedan några år tillbaka har speciella program genomförts för barn och ungdomar. Avhandlingen visar hur de två delegationerna arbetar med bilder och information med syftet att presentera en positiv bild av Sverige i ett led i att inge barnen hopp. Praktiken av att presentera idealbilden av Sverige hänger samman med socialiseringsprocess av barnen som stundtals positioneras som avvikande från svenskheten. Delegationernas arbete med att presentera bilden av den fria individen går hand i hand med en vilja att inkorporera barnen i en ny gemenskap, ett nytt ”vi”. I artikel ett undersöks hur delegationerna arbeter med bilder som visas upp genom olika praktiker för att förmedla en viss bild av Sverige samt den ideala medborgaren som ansvarstagande och aktiv. Artikel två fokuserar på barns agens och hur de under mötena med delegationerna förhandlar och gör motstånd mot stereotypifiering men också ställer egna frågor om framtiden när utrymme ges. Artikel tre fokuserar på hur delegationerna pratar om jämställdhet med unga tjejer som deltar i programmen med utgångspunkt i att stärka tjejerna och informera de om rättigheter men hur arbetet med att presentera ett liv i frihet går hand i hand med att även presentera hur detta liv bör se ut vilket paradoxalt nog positionerar tjejerna som ojämställda och annorlunda.

Bakgrund: Sverige upplever demografiska förändringar i samband med en högre invandring och en majoritet av utlandsfödda personer i Sverige arbetar inom vård och omsorg. Statistiska Centralbyrån prognostiserar för en personalbrist om 160 000 utbildade år 2035 i vård- och omsorgssektorn, vilken under de senaste åren har mottagit ett ökat antal anmälningar till DO som upprättats med etnisk tillhörighet som diskrimineringsgrund. Ökningen indikerar att chefer inom äldreomsorgen utmanas att skapa en inkluderande verksamhet, varav studien har undersökt hur chefer diskuterar kring mångfald och hur de arbetar för att inkludera detta i verksamheten. Syfte: Genom intervjuer med sex verksamhetschefer inom privat äldreomsorg ämnar studien att bidra till forskning gällande mångfaldsarbete inom äldreomsorgen. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur verksamhetscheferna uttrycker sig kring mångfald och hur de arbetar med etnisk mångfald bland personalen. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod från ett realistiskt perspektiv. Den huvudsakliga empiriska insamlingen har skett genom intervjuer med verksamhetschefer på äldreboenden tillhörande två stora svenska vårdorganisationer inom privat äldreomsorg. Studien har följt en iterativ ansats vilket innebär att teori och empiri insamlats växelvis. Slutsats: Ur studien kan urskiljas att verksamhetscheferna anser sig sakna incitament för att arbeta med mångfald, vilket kan förklaras med att mångfald och integration enligt cheferna sker naturligt utan behov av deras inblandning. Ytterligare slutsats i studien är att stereotypiseringar av svenskfödd och utlandsfödd personal förekommer, där de sistnämnda tillskrivs särskilda egenskaper som anses lämpliga för vårdyrket. Vi konstaterar även en avsaknad av tydliga mångfaldsmål, en osäkerhet kring målsättning samt att existerande regelverk kan utesluta vissa personer i arbetsstyrkan. / Background: Sweden is experiencing demographic changes due to higher levels of immigration and a majority of foreign-borns in Sweden work within health and social care. Statistics Sweden predicts a personnel shortage of 160 000 qualified in 2035 in the health and social care sector, which during recent years has received an increased number of reports to the Swedish discrimination bureau due to ethnic discrimination. The increase indicates that unit managers within elderly care are challenged to create an inclusive business, whereas the study has investigated how managers discuss diversity and how they implement this in their operations. Purpose: By interviewing six unit managers from private retirement homes, the study intends to contribute to research regarding diversity work within elderly care. The purpose of the study is to investigate how unit managers discuss diversity and how they work with ethnic diversity among the personnel. Methodology: The study has been conducted with a qualitative method from a realistic perspective. The empirical data has primarily been collected through interviews with unit managers from two of the biggest actors in Swedish elderly care. An iterative approach has been applied where theory and empirical data were alternately collected. Conclusion: The study distinguishes that unit managers lack incentives for working actively with diversity. According to the managers this can be explained with the fact that diversity and integration is a natural process, without any need of top management. Another conclusion is that stereotyping of both Swedish and foreign-borns occurs, whereas the latter is perceived to have specific characteristics considered suitable for the care profession. We also discovered a lack of distinctive diversity goals, an uncertainty regarding goal setting and that existing regulations may act excluding for some individuals in the work force.

Thesis (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.