Akademisk avhandling--Lund. / Added t.p. laid in. "Tryckta källor": p. 361-375.

Akademisk avhandling--Lund. / Added t.p. laid in. "Tryckta källor": p. 361-375.

This thesis examines the treatment of Native American and Jewish American characters in four of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short stories: “Bernice Bobs Her Hair” (1920), “The Passionate Eskimo” (1935), “May Day” (1930), and “The Hotel Child” (1931). Little critical attention has been given to these stories even though they illustrate Fitzgerald’s awareness of the negative ramifications of culturally destructive views and an exploration of new culturally pluralistic ideas. In these stories, Fitzgerald undermines common ethnic stereotypes and demonstrates tension between the intolerance of the American public and the fear of immigrant influence. Fitzgerald is able to re-image the representation of members of these groups and show the evolution of his views on ethnicity and culture. In conclusion, this thesis argues that these stories reveal Fitzgerald’s interest in supporting some level of cultural pluralism and his need to tolerate, if not accept, the differences in the beliefs and cultures in America.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / The First May Day, which origins are related to the fights for better working conditions of the laboring class at the end of the 19th century, showed up throughout time as the main laboring rite because of its internationalist character as well as for the meaning of its commemoration. Through History a constant dispute along May Dayâs politic and ideological motto is observed: sometimes it constitutes itself as a âDay of Workâ, under form of paying homage to âcolaboradores do progressoâ by State, mainly during the âvarguismoâ (1930- 1945); other times as a âDay of Laboring Classâ, that is, a date destined to the reflection of the workers on its condition, which intention was to socialize themselves; or even to fight against capital, when recollect the âChicago Martyrsâ. This research aimed to analyze the trajectory of May Dayâs commemorations in Fortaleza, State of CearÃ, Brazil, during the period between âFirst Republicâ and âEstado Novoâ. Amongst the objectives of this research, one of them was to point out which had been the main appropriations and meanings of this laboring rite presented among the disputes of its meanings for the workers, State and Catholic Church. / O Primeiro de Maio, cujas origens remontam Ãs lutas por melhorias, nas condiÃÃes de trabalho da classe trabalhadora do final do sÃculo XIX, se configurou ao longo do tempo, como o principal rito operÃrio, tanto pelo carÃter internacionalista, e pelo significado de sua comemoraÃÃo. No decorrer da histÃria, observa-se constante disputa em torno do mote polÃtico-ideolÃgico do Primeiro de Maio, ora se constituindo como âdia do trabalhoâ, sob forma de homenagem prestada pelo Estado aos âcolaboradores do progressoâ, sobretudo durante o varguismo (1930-1945), ou como âdia do trabalhadorâ, ou seja, data destinada à reflexÃo dos trabalhadores sobre sua condiÃÃo, cujo intuito era de se sociabilizar, ou lutar contra o capital, ao rememorar os MÃrtires de Chicago. Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade analisar a trajetÃria das comemoraÃÃes de Primeiro de Maio em Fortaleza, durante o perÃodo que se inicia na Primeira RepÃblica ao fim do Estado Novo. Dentre os objetivos, tentou-se apontar as principais apropriaÃÃes e significados de que o rito operÃrio se caracterizou ao longo do perÃodo, notadamente as disputas em torno de seus significados pelos trabalhadores, Estado e Igreja CatÃlica.

LINS, Lindercy Francisco Tomé de Sousa. Um dia, muitas histórias... trajetória e concepções do primeiro de maio em Fortaleza, da primeira república ao estado novo. 2006. 166 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-27T15:35:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_LFTSLins.pdf: 4498883 bytes, checksum: 984e779f7695528790d695ca06bf163c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-04T16:52:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_LFTSLins.pdf: 4498883 bytes, checksum: 984e779f7695528790d695ca06bf163c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-04T16:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_LFTSLins.pdf: 4498883 bytes, checksum: 984e779f7695528790d695ca06bf163c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / The First May Day, which origins are related to the fights for better working conditions of the laboring class at the end of the 19th century, showed up throughout time as the main laboring rite because of its internationalist character as well as for the meaning of its commemoration. Through History a constant dispute along May Day’s politic and ideological motto is observed: sometimes it constitutes itself as a “Day of Work”, under form of paying homage to “colaboradores do progresso” by State, mainly during the “varguismo” (1930- 1945); other times as a “Day of Laboring Class”, that is, a date destined to the reflection of the workers on its condition, which intention was to socialize themselves; or even to fight against capital, when recollect the “Chicago Martyrs”. This research aimed to analyze the trajectory of May Day’s commemorations in Fortaleza, State of Ceará, Brazil, during the period between “First Republic” and “Estado Novo”. Amongst the objectives of this research, one of them was to point out which had been the main appropriations and meanings of this laboring rite presented among the disputes of its meanings for the workers, State and Catholic Church. / O Primeiro de Maio, cujas origens remontam às lutas por melhorias, nas condições de trabalho da classe trabalhadora do final do século XIX, se configurou ao longo do tempo, como o principal rito operário, tanto pelo caráter internacionalista, e pelo significado de sua comemoração. No decorrer da história, observa-se constante disputa em torno do mote político-ideológico do Primeiro de Maio, ora se constituindo como “dia do trabalho”, sob forma de homenagem prestada pelo Estado aos “colaboradores do progresso”, sobretudo durante o varguismo (1930-1945), ou como “dia do trabalhador”, ou seja, data destinada à reflexão dos trabalhadores sobre sua condição, cujo intuito era de se sociabilizar, ou lutar contra o capital, ao rememorar os Mártires de Chicago. Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade analisar a trajetória das comemorações de Primeiro de Maio em Fortaleza, durante o período que se inicia na Primeira República ao fim do Estado Novo. Dentre os objetivos, tentou-se apontar as principais apropriações e significados de que o rito operário se caracterizou ao longo do período, notadamente as disputas em torno de seus significados pelos trabalhadores, Estado e Igreja Católica.

This study is intended to illustrate how the reformist and revolutionary directions in the labor movement are manifested and visualized in the empirical material with regard to angry culture, thus contributing to an understanding of the informative importance of the image. It is clear that the investigated material in the form of social democratic and communist 1 May posters from the period 1922-1948 reflects its time (the interwar period to the post-war era) with regard to angry culture.  It is not the aesthetic aspect that is central, but the historical and political perspective in terms of information transmission. This study focuses on how to understand a historical period through an image material. The study aims to answer the question of what kind of information is communicated built on an analysis based on a combination of semiotics and hegemony analysis of the empirical material. Using the semiotic concepts denotation and connotation, the posters are analyzed in detail in the image analysis in combination with Stuart Hall's three hypothetical positions (codes), Antonio Gramsci’s hegemony concept, primarily in the form of “war of position” and “historic blocs”, is used to understand the historical period investigated. This method triangulation increases the credibility of the results. As far as the study and its results are concerned, it can be noted that the social democratic 1 May posters before 1936 (Social Democrats’ power access) with regard to “sublimed wrath” mainly represent consensus across class boundaries. The communist 1 May posters from that period, however, primarily represent “class war” and stand for “open anger”. After the Social Democrats’ access to power, it is clear that they constitute a historic bloc and that the communists are forced to adopt a more defensive approach, pronounced in drained paroles with a vague content. The conclusion with regard to the visual transmission of political and historical information and messages regarding social democratic and communistic 1 May posters from 1922-1948, based on socialist angry cultures is that the period between the wars was characterized by class struggle versus consensus, World War ll reduced everything to “hold together” and post-war time represents the starting point for the welfare state, as a successful consequence of the social democratic “dignity project”.