O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi estimar o benefício econômico do Parque Nacional Cerro Corra - PNCC localizado no Departamento de Amambay no Paraguai mensurando o valor obtido pelas pessoas que o visitam. Os métodos aplicados foram o Método de Custo de Viagem TCM assumindo uma distribuição de Poisson e o Método de Valoração Contingente CVM utilizando o modelo referendo com distribuição de probabilidade logística. Realizando uma amostra aleatória os dados foram coletados durante os meses de setembro a dezembro de 2007 e janeiro de 2008, efetuando-se 380 entrevistas com aproveitamento de 347 delas. Através do TCM o valor médio do excedente do consumidor por visitante foi de R$ 9,54, enquanto que, por meio do CVM, obteve-se um valor médio da DAP e/ ou benefício por visitante de R$ 8,95, notando-se uma diferença de 6,18% a menos para o CVM. Evidencia-se que por ambos os métodos o PNCC possui em geral um benefício econômico para seus visitantes. / The central objective of this research was to estimate the economic benefit of the National Park Cerro Corá PNCC located in the Department of Amambay Paraguay measuring the benefit received by its visitors. The methods applied were the Travel Cost Method TCM assuming a Poisson distribution and Contingent Valuation Method CVM using the referendum model with logistic probability distribution. Data were collected between September of 2007 and January 2008. The total number of questionnaires applied was 380 with 347 of them used for econometric purposes. A random sample was used to collect the data. Through TCM the average consumer\'s surplus for the visitor was R$ 9.54, while using the CVM the estimated mean value of WTP (or benefit by visitors) was $ 8.95. The difference between the two methods is 6.18%. There is evidence from these estimates hat PNCC have an overall positive economic benefit to its visitors.

全球上網人數不斷增加，沒有電腦、沒有網路的生活對現今的許多人，尤其是資訊相關產業的工作者來說，實在難以想像。就像以前的人應也很難想像現在電腦網路所帶來的便利，這樣巨大的改變已完全形成現代人生活上的改變。許多企業因此不得不E化，即使E化所能帶來的好處尚難以估計，為了不輸在起跑點，投注大筆資金E化的企業並不在少數。 民意代表雖屬非營利組織，但其表現需接受選民定期的檢驗，用投票來反應，不是零就是一百的績效衡量方式，比一般企業所面臨的損益來得殘酷。為了拉近與選民的距離，以網際網路做為媒介是個不錯的選擇。究竟民意代表經營網站能為其帶來多少支持的選民，甚而轉化為支持的選票，值得探討。上民意代表網站的瀏覽者行為特性如何，網站經營者可如何發揮以吸引瀏覽者，增加瀏覽人次？ 本研究以Howard的消費者決策模式(CDM)為基礎，配合本研究題目的特定範圍加以修正，利用路徑分析(Path Analysis)探討瀏覽者行為在數個構面上的影響關係，再以單因子變異數分析(1-way ANOVA)界定各構面在年齡、職業及區域上的差異，最後形成策略意涵。 根據研究結果，做成以下建議：以長期來看，民意代表經營專屬網站有助於爭取更多支持的選民；爭取學生族群的認同；台北市南區的候選人，目前適合搭配專屬網站作為整體的競選文宣。 / Nowadays there are more and more people going online. It’s unimaginable how people could live without Internet, especially for those who do their job using computer frequently through Internet. Just as we could not imagine what utilities Internet bring hundreds of years ago. It goes without saying that Internet has changed our lives. That’s why lots of business go online to be an E-business. Though the benefit brought by going on line can’t be clearly estimated, lots of corporate spend much money constructing their E-business because of avoiding lost in the beginning. Political websites are all nonprofit organizations. The way their performances are evaluated is election. It’s cruel that you are a survivor or getting nothing but crash otherwise. The Candidates want to be more closer to ’customers’, so they choose to setup a website and provide service. But How can they be sure that they are more possible to win the final campaign? The answer is in this paper. It is going to find out the behavior of those who visit the websites and make some suggestion about the strategies to promote the websites. The structure of this research is based on the CDM(Consumer Decision-Making) Model with some specific modification. The related dimensions are connected using Path Analysis, then the interactive relationship of these dimensions are clear. Accompanied by 1-way ANOVA, we can find the characteristics of the visitors’ on these dimensions, say age, occupation and where they live. According to the outcome, our suggestions are : it’s helpful for the candidates to win the campaign in the long run by providing services on websites ; ‘Student’ is apparently the group which is worth targeting when you want to promote yourself ; it’s now appropriate to concentrate on website if you are a candidate in the south area of Taipei.

The sinking of the RMS Titanic has achieved a difficult feat ��� it has remained culturally relevant. The dedication of the general public to understanding Titanic is evident in many avenues of popular and consumer culture. For those individuals who did not get enough of the 1997 Titanic movie, there are numerous Titanic museums and attractions to visit. What interests me as a scholar of historic dress is that the 1997 film is often used as a lens through which the historical events are interpreted and understood. More specifically the character of Rose (from the 1997 Titanic movie) has been translated from a film character to a living history character. Rose has become an integral part of the marketing and exhibiting techniques at some Titanic museum attractions. The purpose of this research was to conduct an introductory exploration of the role of film costume iconography in learning about a historical event and the development of a personal connection with an iconic character in the context of that event. Four permanent Titanic museum attractions were selected as sites of study: museum attractions in Branson, Missouri; Pigeon Forge, Tennessee; Orlando, Florida; and Las Vegas, Nevada. A total of 32 participants were included. Both museum attraction visitors and staff participated in this study; twenty-nine participants were classified as visitors and three participants were classified as staff. Phenomenological and inductive approaches were undertaken. Qualitative (personal phenomenology, phenomenological interviews, and brief participant observation) data collection techniques were employed. Both descriptive and experiential phenomenological and narrative approaches were combined to analyze the resulting data. I utilized a descriptive phenomenological method outlined by Giorgi and Giorgi (2003), and I made modifications to the procedure to fit the unique needs of my data. Data collection occurred in two phases at each location. In phase one, I participated in personal phenomenology during a visit to each museum attraction. In phase two, I collected data with participants. Data collection with visitor participants occurred in three stages: (1) pre-museum attraction visit interview, (2) the participant visited a Titanic museum attraction, and (3) post-museum attraction visit interview. I collected data with each staff participant during one interview. The findings of this study revealed that there are many perspectives from which to tell the story of Titanic and help museum attraction visitors learn the history of the ill-fated ship. I found that Rose did not factor into the decision of the participants to visit a Titanic museum attraction. If a participant learned from or about Rose, she did not factor into the learning or personal meaning-making process until he or she was inside the museum attraction. It was more common for participants to relate to the historical events of Titanic through the movie as a whole, as opposed to the specific character of Rose. The scenario of including a Rose living history interpreter as part of the lived experience of a museum visit elicited a wide range of reactions from participants. It was more common for participants to oppose the presence of a Rose living history interpreter than favor her presence. Several participants reported instances when they drew a spontaneous connection to the movie or were reminded of the movie in their own mind. Several participants used the movie as a foundation to build further historical understanding about Titanic. Some participants used the movie as a source of comparison to explore or confirm the accuracy of the movie. The primary difference in the museum attraction experience for visitors who had not seen the movie was that they encountered difficulty in relating and paying attention to any content or reference to the movie. A general phenomenological structure was formed from the data. As part of this study, I sought to further expand the body of literature that applies visual rhetorical theory and semiotic theory to dress and costume. A discussion of the resulting theoretical implications is included. An outcome of the phenomenological data collection and analysis was a list of recommendations for future practice specifically related to the display of dress and costume in both Titanic museum attractions and museums in general. I conclude with recommendations for future research and a reflective summary. / Graduation date: 2013

Rural regions need tools for developing effective tourism and community plans. This thesis explores the potential for a simplified gap analysis to serve as a useful tourism planning tool for rural regions with limited resources. The Cowichan Region in British Columbia, Canada is the case study for this research, as it is seen to be representative of many rural areas endeavoring to diversify their waning economies with tourism. The literature review for this thesis reviews rural challenges facing ruraf areas, rural tourism impacts, rural tourism markets and gap analysis. A simplified gap analysis compares the preferences of customers (tourists) and the perceptions that the service providers (host regions) have of these customers. Minimal differences between these groups' perceptions creates quality experiences for the customers and service providers and leads to increased profits. This thesis examines the 'gaps' between potential Japanese and German rural travelers' preferences and the perceptions that Cowichan Region professionals have of these markets. Data on the preferences of these markets is drawn from research on Japanese and German pleasure travel markets to North America conducted by national tourism associations. Data on host region perceptions of these markets is drawn from questionnaire responses and interviews conducted with tourism and planning professional in the Cowichan Region. There are some notable gaps between the characteristics of potential Japanese and German 'rural' travellers and the perceptions that the Cowichan Region professionals have of these groups. However, overall these groups are well matched as potential rural travellers and host communities. These research findings suggest that rural areas can satisfy most of the needs of 'mass' and 'target' market travellers by developing core tourism products with some specialised products for sub-markets. This research indicates that a simplified gap analysis can be a practical and useful rural planning tool for rural regions that want to diversify their resource based economies with tourism. A ten step tourism planning strategy is presented as a way for rural areas to integrate a simplified gap analysis into their planning efforts and create cost-effective and holistic tourism plans.

Les forêts occidentales sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus prisées pour la pratique d’activités récréatives en milieu naturel. Dès lors, la mise en place d’une gestion intégrée des forêts est plus que jamais indispensable au maintien des conditions nécessaires à la pratique de l’ensemble des activités sur le territoire. Le Québec s’est doté d’une nouvelle législation pour répondre aux nombreux enjeux qui touchent le milieu forestier, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’harmonisation entre les activités récréatives et la production ligneuse. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous nous sommes intéressés au concept d’expérience du visiteur comme moyen de faciliter cette harmonisation. Il s’agissait à la fois de caractériser l’expérience de visite des utilisateurs d’un parc régional et de se questionner sur son opérationnalisation dans l’aménagement forestier. Deux méthodes qualitatives complémentaires ont été utilisées : d’une part, l’analyse de récits inscrits dans des livres d’or placés dans différents hébergements et d’autre part, des entrevues ont été conduites auprès de visiteurs rencontrés sur le site. Les résultats révèlent la pertinence de considérer l’expérience du visiteur pour favoriser une utilisation plurielle et harmonieuse du territoire forestier. Son étude permet une compréhension fine des composantes communes et spécifiques des expériences, en fonction des visiteurs. Par ailleurs, l’étude témoigne de la possibilité de mettre en relation des typologies d’expériences recherchées et les modalités d’harmonisation. Enfin, au-delà de l’expérience, le suivi de la perception de la foresterie et des représentations peut également s’avérer pertinent pour les gestionnaires. / The practice of outdoor recreational activities in western forests is becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, the implementation of integrated management with regards to publicly-owned forests is more important than ever in order to maintain conditions necessary for all activities on the territory. The province of Québec which has recently adopted a new Forestry Act is following this trend by addressing the numerous forest management issues such as harmonizing of various uses which represents a major challenge, particularly with regards to recreation and timber production. Throughout this research, we focused on the concept of visitors’ experience as a means to facilitate harmonization. The objectives were to identify the attributes of visitors’ experiences in a regional park and to assess how it can be useful in forest management. Two complementary qualitative methodologies were applied: on the one hand, we analyzed the comments written by visitors on guest books, and on the other hand, we interviewed visitors we met on the site. Results indicate the relevance of using visitors’ experiences to promote a plural and harmonious use of forest lands. The study allows for an in-depth understanding of experience components, both common and specific, which vary according to visitors. Moreover, the study reveals that it’s possible to connect certain experience profiles with harmonization terms. Finally, beyond the mere experience, it appears that forest managers who are aware of the perception and image of forest management will certainly benefit from this information.

Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti ir įvertinti maisto papildų paplitimą ir vartojimą Kauno miesto sporto klubų lankytojų tarpe. Uždaviniai. Apžvelgti Kauno miesto sporto klubų lankytojų mitybos ypatumus; nustatyti ir įvertinti Kauno miesto sporto klubų lankytojų požiūrį į maisto papildų vartojimą; palyginti Kauno miesto sporto klubų lankytojų ir Kauno medicinos universiteto III ir IV kurso studentų požiūrius į maisto papildų vartojimą Tyrimo metodika. Atlikta mokslinės literatūros bei anoniminė anketinė apklausa, kurioje dalyvavo 300 Kauno miesto sporto klubų lankytojų. Statistinei surinktų duomenų analizei naudotas SPSS paketas ir MS EXEL programa. Rezultatai. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad beveik du trečdaliai respondentų įsitikinę maisto papildų nauda organizmui ir didžioji jų dalis vartoja įvairius maisto papildus siekdami sustiprinti imunitetą, įgyti energijos ir greičiau atsistatyti po treniruotės. Vyrai dažnai vartoja maisto papildus raumenų masei didinti, tuo tarpu moterys labiau linkusios vartoti maisto papildus kūno masei mažinti ir bendrai organizmo veiklai gerinti. Pastebėta, kad sporto klubų lankytojai ne tik pasitiki sporto klubų trenerių žiniomis apie maisto papildus, bet ir renka tokią informaciją patys, tačiau rinkdamiesi maisto papildus nėra linkę tartis su gydytojais. Dauguma vartojusiųjų maisto papildus pajuto jų teigiamą poveikį organizmui. Išvados. Vadovaujantis atlikto tyrimo rezultatais galima teigti, kad sporto klubų lankytojai yra linkę nepilnavertę mitybą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study. To identify and to evaluate prevalence of food supplements among sport club visitors in Kaunas City. Objectives. To review nutrition peculiarities of sport club visitors; to identify and to evaluate views of sport club visitors to food supplement consumption; and to compare views sport club visitors to supplement consumption views of 3rd and 4th year Kaunas Medical University (KMU) students. Methods. An analysis of scientific literature and an anonymous questionnaire survey encompassing 300 Kaunas City sport club visitors were performed. The SSPS software package and MS Excel application were used for the statistical data analysis. Results. The investigation has shown that almost two thirds of respondents are sure that food supplements are beneficial for their organism and a large part of them use various food supplements in order to improve their immunity, to gain more energy and to recover more quickly after their training sessions. Men often use food supplements to increase their muscle mass, while women are more inclined to use food supplements to reduce their body mass and to improve general state of organism. It has been noticed that sport club visitors trust their trainers’ knowledge about food supplements and also gather such information individually; however, they are not inclined to consult a doctor when they chose food supplements. Most of these who were using food supplements felt their positive impact on their organisms. Conclusions. Results... [to full text]

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis--Paris I, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 2-20).

The aim of this thesis was identify the application of environmental-friendly approaches offer of accommodation in subject areas, assess the importance of responsible approaches in strategy of companies offering accommodation, research into preferences of visitors of the former České Budějovice district concerning a specific offer of responsible tourism industry. The results of paper and concept of measure for České Budějovice district are at the close of the paper.

The aim of the thesis was to identify environment-friendly approaches in the offer of accommodation in subject area - Cesky Krumlov, to assess the importance of friendly approaches in the strategy of companies offering accommodation and to determine preferences and interest of visitors of the area about range of accommodation that is environmentally friendly. The results of paper and concept of measure for Český Krumlov district are at the close of the paper.