Cette étude s’inspire du concept d’invention du quotidien du sociologue français Michel de Certeau en tant que définit dans son ouvrage L’invention du quotidien (1980). Une lecture et analyse approfondies des nouvelles ouest africaines anglophones nous permettent d’examiner comment à travers des actes créatifs, et au sein de leurs propres champs d’actions, les individus représentés se réaffirment en tant que sujets agissants dans un espace où cette subjectivité leur a été précédemment déniée. La première partie de cette étude consistera à présenter les conditions d’émergence de la nouvelle ouest africaine. Nous examinerons le contexte sociopolitique, le rôle de l’écrivain, l’industrie éditoriale, ainsi que la réception de la nouvelle africaine sur le continent et en dehors du continent africain, ce qui nous permettra de souligner le lien intrinsèque qui existe entre dignité, subjectivité et développement. Dans une deuxième partie, notre intérêt portera sur la mémoire de l'écriture collective de la guerre, du trauma, de la violence ainsi que les diverses stratégies créatives employées par les protagonistes pour réaffirmer leur existence et pour lutter contre la violence et le trauma. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, nous examinerons les stratégies stylistiques et linguistiques que les nouvellistes ouest africains emploient dans l'objectif de créer une rupture avec la tradition littéraire coloniale et de réinventer un nouveau genre de la nouvelle / This study draws its inspiration from what the French sociologist Michel de Certeau identified as the invention of the quotidian in his well known The Practice of Everyday Life (1980). A close reading and analysis of West African short fiction will allow us to examine how through everyday creative practices and within their own private spheres the represented individuals reestablish a space of agency previously denied to them. The first part of our study will consist in presenting the various conditions of emergence of African short fiction. We will look at the socio-political context and at the role of the short story writer, the publishing industry as well as the reception of African short fiction in Africa and abroad, which will allow us to emphasize the intrinsic link between dignity, agency and development. Secondly, we will focus on the writing of the collective memory of war, trauma and violence and on the numerous creative strategies used by the characters to reaffirm their existence, to fight against violence and to heal from trauma. The final part of this study will examine the stylistic and linguistic strategies used by West African short fiction writers to create a rupture with the colonial literary tradition and to reinvent a new short story genre

La Caraïbe est un espace multidimensionnel, une mosaïque polyforme et paradoxale qui évoque la diversité, l'éparpillement.Longtemps méconnue, elle est l'objet de toutes les curiosités et est de plus en plus regardé comme un véritable laboratoire par ceux qui s'y intéressent.En effet, la Caraïbe est un ensemble de petites îles plus ou moins pauvres sur le plan économique avec une organisation politique et administrative plurielle. De nombreux statuts politiques sont hérités de la décolonisation. La Caraïbe regroupe 25 pays et 11 territoires non indépendants qui pour la plupart, comptent moins de 500 000 habitants. 24 sont des îles, parties d'îles ou ensembles de territoires insulaires.De nombreux programmes d'aide sont mis en place par les métropoles, les pays de la Caraïbe mènent une politique active d'intégration en constituant des institutions régionales, pourtant ces pays ne semblent pas décoller économiquement.Parallèlement, la région est remarquée pour ces faits de violence accrue, de criminalité, de narcotrafic, de catastrophes naturelles, de maladies vectorielles, autant d'éléments qui influencent l'une des activités économiques prospère, le tourisme.Idées préconçues et réalité, telle est la problématique à laquelle tente de répondre cette thèse en examinant la corrélation entre les organisations institutionnelles et le développement économique à l'heure de la mondialisation.Pour des raisons de cohérence, ma recherche est limitée à la dizaine de pays anglophones de la zone des Caraïbes. / The Caribbean is a multidimensional space, a multi-faceted and paradoxical mosaic that evokes diversity, scattering.For a long time unknown, it is the object of all curiosities and is increasingly regarded as a real laboratory for those who are interested in.Indeed, the Caribbean is a set of small islands more or less poor economically with a plural political and administrative organization. Many political statuses are inherited from decolonization.The Caribbean comprises 25 countries and 11 non-independent territories, most of which have 500,000 inhabitants. 24 are islands, parts of islands or sets of island territories.Many programs of assistance are set up by the metropolis, the Caribbean countries carry out an active policy of integration by constituting regional institutions, yet these countries do not seem to take off economically.At the same time, the region is noticed for these acts of increased violence, crime, drugs trade, natural disasters, vector-borne diseases, all of which influence one of the prosperous economic activities, tourism.Preconceived ideas and reality, this is the problem that this thesis attempts to answer by examining the correlation between institutional organizations and economic development in the globalization era.For coherence reasons, my research is limited to the ten English-speaking countries of the Caribbean zone.

abstract: This project examines different modes of cultural production from the postcolonial Anglophone world to identify how marginal populations have either been subjugated or empowered by various forms of consumerism. Four case studies specifically follow the flow of products, resources, and labor either in the colonies or London. In doing so, these investigations reveal how neocolonial systems both radiate from old imperial centers and occupy postcolonial countries. Using this method corroborates contemporary postcolonial theory positing that modern “Empire” is now amorphous and stateless rather than constrained to the metropole and colony. The temporal progression of each chapter traces how commodification and resource exploitation has evolved from colonial to contemporary periods. Each section of this study consequently considers geography and time to show how consumer culture grew via imperialism, yet also supported and challenged the progression of colonial conquest. Accordingly, as empire and consumerism have transformed alongside each other, so too have the tools that marginal groups use to fight against economic and cultural subjugation. Novels remain as one traditional format – and consumer product – that can resist the effects of colonization. Other contemporary postcolonial artists, however, use different forms of media to subvert or challenge modes of neocolonial oppression. Texts such as screenplays, low-budget films, memoirs, fashion subcultures, music videos, and advertisements illuminate how postcolonial groups represent themselves. Altogether, these various cultural productions illuminate how marginalized populations have used consumer products and practices to disrupt global economies that continue to profit from the commodification, appropriation, or subjugation of minority populations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2018

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En prenant appui sur dix romans anglophones contemporains par les auteures indiennes et pakistanaises, cette étude explore et évalue les enjeux politiques et poétiques de la représentation de l'amitié et de l'amour inter-classes dans une littérature souvent considérée comme essentiellement ‘élitiste'. Cette thèse s'écarte de l'approche habituelle dans les études postcoloniales qui privilégie l'idée d'hybridité conçue uniquement en termes binaires (Occident/Orient ou Nord/Sud) et au cœur de l'étude se trouvent la figure du subalterne et la négociation complexe des identités liées à la classe, à la caste et au sexe dans le sous-continent indien. Si les textes examinés révèlent la précarité des rapports humains qui transgressent les diverses frontières sociales, ils soulignent également leurs possibilités contestataires. Cette étude s'intéresse aussi aux enjeux éthiques des choix formels dont témoignent les textes examinés et à la manière dont ces choix peuvent à la fois confirmer et contredire le projet politique du texte. / This dissertation is a detailed analysis of ten contemporary Anglophone novels by women writers from India and Pakistan. It explores and evaluates the politics as well as the poetics of the literary depiction of cross-class love and friendship in Anglophone literature of the Indian sub-continent, which is often considered ‘elitist'. The figure of the subaltern lies at the heart of our study and by focusing on the portrayal of the negotiation of class, caste and gender identities in the Indian sub-continent, this dissertation moves away from postcolonial studies' customary focus on the notion of hybridity, often conceived solely in East/West or North/South terms. The texts examined reveal not only the tenuousness of cross-class relationships but also underscore their subversive possibilities. The ethical ramifications of questions of form are also explored as are the ways in which the poetics of a text can both confirm and contradict its politics.

Referring to the theory of minor literature developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in their work Kafka : pour une littérature mineure, this thesis investigates contemporary English writing in and about Quebec as a possible minor phenomenon. Motivated by the debate around the affirmation of a possible Anglo-Québécois community, I investigate if such a literature has the elements to reterritorialize itself within Quebec as an Anglo-Québécois literature. This thesis analyzes in total six works, three plays and three novels: David Fennario's Balconville, Vittorio Rossi's Paradise by the River, Ann Lambert's Very Heaven, Marianne Ackerman's Jump, Linda Leith's Birds of Passage, and Jeffrey Moore's Prisoner in a Red-Rose Chain. Therefore, the main objective of the thesis is to parallel Deleuze and Guattari's theory of minor literature with its three features, where minor works are written in a deterritorialized major language, demonstrate a political potential and are built upon a collective enunciation, to six"AngloQuébécois" works in order to see to what extent this corpus can be read as a minor literature.

This thesis delves into the postcolonial genre, examining the novel, The God of Small Things, by Arundhati Roy, and how it highlights the duality in gender roles, social class, and postcolonial society through the narrative style and language.

In Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, The Monk's Tale is compromised of seventeen individual tales, which instead of serving a moral lesson one would expect of a clergy member, serves as a quasi-hunt that allows the Monk to participate in his favorite, violent hobby. The Monk personifies fortune as a hunter, striking down successful men who are unsuspecting of the violent downfall which awaits them. The Monk structures his tale to resemble the different stages of a hunt and fills it with violent, animalistic, and erotic imagery that works to strengthen the Monk's perception of his own masculinity while simultaneously providing a form of sexual pleasure that he is otherwise forbidden to experience. Hunting played a significant role in medieval society and literature. Though clergy members were typically forbidden or discouraged from participating in the sport, significant aspects of the history surrounding medieval hunting shed light on the Monk's identity as primarily a hunter.

This thesis examines the constructions of madness and hysteria as diagnoses used to subjugate the protagonists in Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Kate Chopin’s The Awakening. In juxtaposing these texts, themes including “lone womanhood” surface to identify both protagonists’ means for liberation from patriarchal and colonialist oppression. While for Edna of The Awakening, liberation from the hysteria diagnosis comes through bodily sovereignty, A Question of Power’s Elizabeth is freed from the madness rendering by reclaiming her mental interiority.

Embedded in the socio-political milieu of the country Anglophone Pakistani fiction provides a critical perspective on some of the important contemporary issues facing the country like feminism, class struggle, misuse of religious discourse, sectarianism, terrorism and the fragmentation of the Pakistani society. By contextualizing the works of four Pakistani fiction writers, Sara Suleri, Kamila Shamsie, Mohsin Hamid and Mohammed Hanif, in the theoretical paradigms of modernism, postmodernism and postcolonialism, this research identifies salient facets and characteristics of Pakistani Anglophone fiction produced during the last three decades. This thesis argues that Pakistani Anglophone fiction is Janus-faced in nature. On the one hand it specifically deconstructs various indigenous issues which are destabilizing Pakistani society and politics, while on the other hand it challenges the discursive construction of Pakistan as a terrorist country through international discourse. By doing so, these writers not only adopt the role of political commentators and interveners but also create a counter-narrative to Western hegemonic discourse and represent a case for a liberal and democratic Pakistan. Moreover the textual analysis of this fiction indicates a shift from traditional postcolonial literature. Instead of contextualizing their work in the colonial experience of the British Raj or its aftermath, these writers dissociate themselves from it and use this dissociation as a narrative strategy to hold the political and military leadership accountable for the socio-political chaos in Pakistan. The thesis argues that this characteristic of Anglophone Pakistani fiction indicates the emergence of a new phase, ‘Paracolonialism’ or ‘Paracolonial fiction’ which rejects the influence of colonialism on the socio-economic and political crisis of Third World countries and deconstructs various factors which led to their post-independence unstable economy and social fragmentation.