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Information about the capillary pressure has a wide range of applications in the petroleum industry, such as an estimation of irreducible water saturation, calculation of formation absolute permeability, determination of hydrocarbon-water contact and the thickness of the transition zone, evaluation of the seal capacity, and an estimation of relative permeability. All the listed parameters in the combination with petrophysical features, pressures, and fluid properties allow us to evaluate the economic viability of the well or the field overall. For this reason, capillary pressure curves are of great importance for petroleum engineers working on any stage of the field development: starting from exploration and finishing with production stages. Nowadays, capillary pressure experiments are provided either in the lab on the plugs of the rocks, either in the well on the certain stop points with the formation tester tools on the wire or tubes. Core extraction and formation testing are both laborious, expensive, and complicated processes since the newly-drilled well remain in the risky uncased condition during these operations, and for this reason, usually the listed works are provided in the exploration wells only. Afterward, the properties obtained from the exploration wells are assumed to be the same for the extraction or any other kinds of wells. Therefore, these days petroleum engineers have limited access to the capillary pressure curves: the modern tests are provided on the limited points of formation in the limited number of wells. An extension of capillary pressure measurements in the continuous mode for every well will dramatically expand the abilities of modern formation evaluation and significantly improve the field operation management by reducing the degree of uncertainty in the decision-making processes. This work is the first step toward continuous capillary pressure evaluation. Here we describe the procedure of finding the correlation between the results of the lab Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiment and lab Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) measurements. Both experiments were provided on the 9 core plugs of the sandstone. Afterward, a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm was applied to generate additional samples of the porous media with different petrophysical properties representing the variations of the real cores of available sandstones. Overall, 405 additional digital rock models were generated. Thereafter, the digital simulations of MICP and NMR experiments were provided on the generated database of digital rocks. All the simulations were corrected for limited resolution of the CT scan. Based on the created database of experiments, we implemented a ML algorithm that found a correlation between the NMR echo data and MICP capillary pressure curves. Obtained correlation allows to calculate capillary pressure curve from the NMR echo data. Since NMR logging may be implemented in every well in the continuous mode, an extension of the created technique provides an opportunity for continuous estimation of capillary pressure for the whole logging interval. This extension is planned as future work.

Mary Ann Starkey was a pivotal change agent in New Bern, North Carolina during the Civil War. She was born into slavery, yet by 1863 was in a position to bring together abolitionists and recruiters from the North and refugees and freedom fighters from her community. She was president of the 400-member Colored Women’s Union Relief Association of Newbern, North Carolina which worked to heal, feed and support the first colored regiments in North Carolina in their fight for freedom. This thesis looks closely at the Civil War through the life of this one woman, by examining the archival evidence and the ways in which the narrative of her life has been crafted thus far in an attempt to further the excavation of Starkey’s life and work. It contends that the role of African American women was pivotal to the Union victory, and that Mary Ann and her organization were key to providing the sustenance and intelligence network necessary for a Union victory in New Bern. It also looks at the ways that she used domesticity to establish social standing in the late nineteenth century and the ways that the black community organized politically during this time, as well as the changing nature of marriage for African Americans and how that impacted Mary Ann and her daughter Nancy.

Denna studie grundar sig i en nutida språklöshet som samer själva erfar och som även kommer till uttryck i Ann-Helén Laestadius roman Straff med koppling till samers egna reflektioner och erfarenheter. Det didaktiska perspektivet styrks med SOU 2017:60 samt Jan Thavenius teorier angående litteraturundervisning. Den litteraturteoretiska grunden som denna studie utgår ifrån är de teorier som är utformade av Norman Fairclough och Michel Foucault angående språk och makt. Metoden som används för att undersöka detta är nyhistoricism där parallelläsning med externa texter har gjorts. Det som presenteras är en djupare bild på den språklöshet som uppkommer i romanen med koppling till samers egna erfarenheter samt hur denna språklöshet är något som har passerats från dåtid till nutid och som mycket väl kan ligga till grund för den samiska språklösheten som existerar idag.

Cette étude se propose d’analyser les différents rapports que l’écriture radcliffienne, souvent qualifiée de « peinture de mots », entretient avec la peinture d’un point de vue thématique, structurel, symbolique et formel. Nous analyserons tout d’abord comment les romans s’inscrivent dans le contexte esthétique de l’époque et son paradigme pictural (valorisation de la peinture de paysage du XVIIe siècle, redécouverte du gothique architectural, « vision en tableau » du pittoresque). L’approche intermédiale de Liliane Louvel et sa définition du pictural au sein d’une problématique texte-image nous permettront de voir comment l’écriture file la métaphore picturale et développe ses propres stratégies pour « faire tableau » dans un désir paragonesque d’émuler la peinture. Tableaux et portraits en miniature occupent également une place importance dans l’économie du récit et leurs fonctions diégétiques et symboliques seront abordées au travers de leur spécificité intersémiotique en tant qu’objets d’art littéraires. Enfin, l’étude des descriptions paysagères au cœur de l’iconotexte montrera comment deux types de picturalité s’entrecroisent, l’une, iconique et figurative, qui cherche à « faire tableau », et l’autre, picturale et sémiotique, qui travaille le texte sur le mode plus diffus du signifiant plastique, de la dislocation du « tableau » et de la dissémination de son image au travers des substituts picturaux, de la peinture synesthésique et « iconorythmique », faisant miroiter des « éclats de picturalité » en texte. Nous montrerons ainsi comment le pictural est le mode spécifique de la gothicité radcliffienne, articulant les problématiques du « female Gothic ». / This study will analyse the different links that Ann Radcliffe’s “word-painting”—as her writing has often been called—bears with painting, from a thematic, structural, symbolic and formal point of view. We shall first see how the novels fit into the aesthetical context of the time and its pictorial paradigm—seventeenth century landscape painting as an iconographical model, the rediscovery of Gothic architecture as a pictorial motif, the picture-like vision of the picturesque. Liliane Louvel’s intermedial approach and her definition of the “pictorial” within a text-image problematics will help us see how Radcliffe spins out her pictorial metaphor and implements her own strategies to make the reader “see pictures” in a paragon-esque desire to emulate painting. Full-sized pictures and miniature portraits also play an important role in the unfolding of the narrative. Their diegetic and symbolic functions will be studied in reference to their intersemiotic specificities as literary works of art. Finally, the study of landscape description at the core of the radcliffian iconotext will help us see how two different types of pictoriality interact, one based on figurative representation which aims at making the reader “see pictures”, and another more diffuse form which works on a semiotic level through deconstruction and iconic dissemination, expressing the pictorial signifier in words. It makes “fragments of pictoriality” shine throughout the text by means of pictorial substitutes and a synesthetic experience of “iconorythmic” pictures. We shall thus prove how the pictorial is the specific mode of Radcliffe’s Gothic writing and articulates the problematics of the female Gothic.

I detta arbete jämfördes ett LSTM-nätverk med ett feedforward-nätverk för generellt Atari 2600 spelande. Prestandan definierades som poängen agenten får för ett visst spel. Hypotesen var att LSTM skulle prestera minst lika bra som feedforward och förhoppningsvis mycket bättre. För att svara på frågeställningen skapades två olika agenter, en med ett LSTM-nätverk och en med ett feedforward-nätverk. Experimenten utfördes på Stella emulatorn med hjälp av ramverket the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE). Hänsyn togs till Machado råd om inställningar för användning av ALE och hur agenter borde tränas och evalueras samtidigt. Agenterna utvecklades med hjälp av en genetisk algoritm. Resultaten visade att LSTM var minst lika bra som feedforward men båda metoderna blev slagna av Machados metoder. Toppoängen i varje spel jämfördes med Granfelts arbete som har varit en utgångspunkt för detta arbete.

A dor neuropática atinge cerca de 6 a 10% da população global e estima-se o seu aumento nos próximos anos. Essa síndrome não tem cura e afeta consideravelmente a qualidade de vida das pessoas por ela acometidas. Os medicamentos utilizados atualmente para o seu tratamento, como antidepressivos, anticonvulsivantes, opióides, dentre outros, não proporcionam um resultado satisfatório pelo fato de não reduzirem consideravelmente os sintomas e/ou por terem muitos efeitos colaterais. Pesquisas recentes mostram que o receptor sigma-1 pode ser utilizado no tratamento da dor neuropática. Verificou-se na literatura uma nova série de pirimidinas que são capazes de se ligar ao receptor sigma-1, atuando como seus antagonistas, sendo potenciais alvos para a produção de fármacos que podem ser utilizados no tratamento da dor neuropática. Então, estudos de Relações Quantitativas Estrutura-Atividade (QSAR) foram realizados utilizando os métodos de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS) e Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN) para prever a atividade biológica dessa série de pirimidinas. Os resultados obtidos se mostraram satisfatórios tanto para o método de PLS (r2 = 0,877, q2 = 0,800 e r2teste = 0,738), quanto para o método de ANN (r2trein = 0,734, r2val = 0,753 e r2teste = 0,676), mostrando que o conjunto de compostos antagonistas do receptor Sigma-1 pode ser descrito tanto de forma linear quanto de forma não-linear. / Neuropathic pain affects about 6 to 10% of the global population and it is estimated to increase in the coming years. This syndrome has no cure and considerably affects the life quality of people affected by it. Medications currently used for its treatment, such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, among others, do not provide a satisfactory result because they do not significantly reduce the symptoms and/or have many side effects. Recent research shows that the sigma-1 receptor can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. A new series of pyrimidines have been found in the literature, which are capable of binding to the sigma-1 receptor, acting as its antagonists, and have been synthesized as potential targets that can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. Therefore, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methods to predict the biological activity of this series of pyrimidines. Through the mathematical models obtained by PLS (r2 = 0.877, q2 = 0.800 and r2test = 0.738) and ANN (r2trein = 0.734, r2val = 0.753 and r2test = 0.676) methods, it was showed that they were able to predict the biological activity of the studied pyrimidines.

A dor neuropática atinge cerca de 6 a 10% da população global e estima-se o seu aumento nos próximos anos. Essa síndrome não tem cura e afeta consideravelmente a qualidade de vida das pessoas por ela acometidas. Os medicamentos utilizados atualmente para o seu tratamento, como antidepressivos, anticonvulsivantes, opióides, dentre outros, não proporcionam um resultado satisfatório pelo fato de não reduzirem consideravelmente os sintomas e/ou por terem muitos efeitos colaterais. Pesquisas recentes mostram que o receptor sigma-1 pode ser utilizado no tratamento da dor neuropática. Verificou-se na literatura uma nova série de pirimidinas que são capazes de se ligar ao receptor sigma-1, atuando como seus antagonistas, sendo potenciais alvos para a produção de fármacos que podem ser utilizados no tratamento da dor neuropática. Então, estudos de Relações Quantitativas Estrutura-Atividade (QSAR) foram realizados utilizando os métodos de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS) e Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN) para prever a atividade biológica dessa série de pirimidinas. Os resultados obtidos se mostraram satisfatórios tanto para o método de PLS (r2 = 0,877, q2 = 0,800 e r2teste = 0,738), quanto para o método de ANN (r2trein = 0,734, r2val = 0,753 e r2teste = 0,676), mostrando que o conjunto de compostos antagonistas do receptor Sigma-1 pode ser descrito tanto de forma linear quanto de forma não-linear. / Neuropathic pain affects about 6 to 10% of the global population and it is estimated to increase in the coming years. This syndrome has no cure and considerably affects the life quality of people affected by it. Medications currently used for its treatment, such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, among others, do not provide a satisfactory result because they do not significantly reduce the symptoms and/or have many side effects. Recent research shows that the sigma-1 receptor can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. A new series of pyrimidines have been found in the literature, which are capable of binding to the sigma-1 receptor, acting as its antagonists, and have been synthesized as potential targets that can be used in the treatment of the neuropathic pain. Therefore, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methods to predict the biological activity of this series of pyrimidines. Through the mathematical models obtained by PLS (r2 = 0.877, q2 = 0.800 and r2test = 0.738) and ANN (r2trein = 0.734, r2val = 0.753 and r2test = 0.676) methods, it was showed that they were able to predict the biological activity of the studied pyrimidines.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are commonly considered as "black boxes": they can approximate any function without giving any interpretation. Novel research has observed that the laws of physics, which govern everything around us, can supplement the implementation of a neural network. For this purpose, we have physics-informed neural networks (PINNs): they are networks trained to consider the physics outlined in nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs).  This thesis focuses on the thermal modelling of power transformers applying PINNs constrained to the heat diffusion equation. The aim is to estimate the top-oil temperature and the thermal distribution of a transformer. A solution of the equation will be provided by the Finite Volume Method (FVM), which will constitute a benchmark for the PINNs predictions. Differently from other works on PINNs, an additional challenge in this problem is the availability of field measurements. The results obtained show good accuracy in estimating the distribution and the top-oil temperature with PINN almost mimicking exactly FVM. Further improvements could be attained by rearranging the equation using more specific parameters to model the thermal behaviour of transformers and scaling the equation to dimensionless form. / Artificiella neurala nätverk (ANN) betraktas vanligtvis som "svarta lådor": de kan approximera vilken funktion som helst utan att tillhandahålla någon tolkning. Inom ny forskning har man sett att fysikens lagar, som styr allt runt omkring oss, kan komplettera implementeringen av ett neuralt nätverk. För detta ändamål har formulerats fysikinformerade neurala nätverk (PINN): de är nätverk som har tränats att ta hänsyn till den fysik som beskrivs i ickelinjära partiella differentialekvationer (PDE). Denna avhandling fokuserar på termisk modellering av transformatorer med tillämpning av PINN begränsat till värmeledningsekvationen. Syftet är att uppskatta en toppoljetemperatur och en transformators värmefördelning. Lösningen till ekvationen erhålls med finita volymmetoden (FVM), som används som en referenslösning för att utvärdera förutsägelserna från PINN. Implementeringen av PINN-algoritmen medförde en extra utmaning eftersom källtermen innefattade uppmätta värden. En metod att kringgå denna svårighet genom att approximera värdena på mätningarna i det neurala nätverket genom träning på motsvarande data presenteras. De erhållna resultaten visar god noggrannhet vid uppskattning av fördelningen och toppoljetemperaturen med PINN i jämförelse med FVM-lösningen. Ytterligare förbättringar kan uppnås genom att arrangera om ekvationen med mer specifika parametrar för att modellera transformatorernas termiska beteende och skalning av ekvationen till dimensionslös form.