If one types on the Google search bar knowledge society or innovation about 64 million and 408 million results are found, respectively. It is fact, a product. It is there. However, once this taken for granted “knowledge society” is scrutinised, several different actors, conflicting or agreeing, emerge. What once taken as a product “out there”, a cause, is now a process, a society in the making and its effects. In this study I seek to open these black-boxes, the taken-for-granted domains by “following the actants”, and describing their actions in relation to other actants, in a specific place and specific time and showing the effects these create. The study draws on the sociology of translation and focuses on assembling, bundling, or knitting pieces together which in turn create effects of organising with organising shape, and fame that we are familiar with, specifically VINNOVA. The study seeks to describe how VINNOVA has been constructed as a leading authority in innovation systems for sustainable development, by specifically describing the mechanisms VINNOVA uses to join different actors to construct a Swedish innovation system and the effects created by this movement from small to a leading innovation authority. While I draw from previous research on innovation systems that look at organisations as finished entities, in this thesis I take a step forward by examining VINNOVA not as a complete or finite entity but rather as an ongoing process of organising that is by nature precarious. The study highlights that VINNOVA is a precarious heterogeneous network which embodies a neo-liberal, thus business-oriented perspective on sustainable development, and it is by understanding how entities like VINNOVA grow and manage to crystallise their performances, despite overt contestation that different potential, possible and existing performances can also be brought to visibility. The study also shows how centres and peripheries are effects of the endeavours of constructing a globally connected world.

This project deals with two Goodwin models of circadian rythms and three reduced models in understanding the Belousov-Zhabotinski models of chemical reaction. They are examined and compared by applying dynamical systems theory and control theoretical tools. More precisely, stability analysis of equilibria and the Hopf bifurcations. Moreover, we investigate the issues such as positivity and boundeness of the trajectories. Some are carried out by mathematical analysis and some are carried out by numerical simulations performed by Matlab. In particular, we provide a complete parameter description on stability of the Goodwin model in terms of the Hill number, which seems non-addressed in the literature. / Detta projekt handlar om två Goodwin-modeller för cirkadiska rytmer och tre reducerade modeller för att förstå Belousov-Zhabotinski-modellerna för kemiska reaktioner. De undersöks och jämförs med hjälp av dynamiska systemteorier och kontrollteoretiska verktyg. Närmare besämt stabilitetsanalys av jämvikter och Hopf-bifurkationer. Dessutom undersöker vi frågor som positivitet och begränsning av banorna. En del av dessa undersökningar utförs genom matematisk analys och en del genom numeriska simuleringar som utförs med Matlan. I synnerhet ger vi en fullständig parameterbeskrivning av stabiliteten hos Goodwin-modellen i termer av Hilltal, som inte verkar ha behandlats i litteraturen.

This thesis explores the complex dynamics that drive the US and EU to cooperate on AI policy, despite their initial disagreements, in response to China's growing influence in the field. The central argument is that the shifting balance of power in AI, driven by China's capabilities and strategic initiatives, compels the US and EU to collaborate in order to maintain global standing. Utilizing a realist perspective on international relations, the study emphasizes the role of material factors and national interests in shaping state behaviour. To support its argument, the thesis examines the causal mechanism and entities involved in specific activities, ultimately concluding that the perception of China as a threat to their hegemonic stability in AI leads the US and EU to enhance collaboration on AI policy. The thesis also identifies areas for future research to further understand the geopolitical ramifications of AI development and policy.

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We formalise polynomials over commutative rings in cubical type theory using Cubical Agda as proof assistant. On the basis of a formalisation of polynomials as number sequences with only a finite number of non-zero values, we use higher inductive types to formulate a list-based definition using two point constructors and two path constructors. The combinatorial explosion in proofs leads us to a redefinition: One of the path constructors is discarded, and instead we formulate a separate function-based definition. We prove equivalence of these distinct definitions, and use the function-based definition to provide a witness for the discarded path constructor. The list-based definition is then used in combination with this witness to prove that the resulting structure is itself a commutative ring.

This thesis focuses on investigating the usage of statistical models for estimating fuel consumption of heavy duty vehicles. Several statistical models are assessed, along with machine learning using artificial neural networks. Data recorded by sensors on board trucks in the EU describe the operational usage of the vehicle. The usage of this data for estimating the fuel consumption is assessed, and several variables originating from the operational data is modelled and tested as possible input parameters. The estimation model for real world fuel consumption uses 8 parameters describing the operational usage of the vehicles, and 8 parameters describing the vehicles themselves. The operational parameters describe the average speed, topography, variation of speed, idling, and more. This model has an average relative error of 5.75%, with a prediction error less than 11.14% for 95% of all tested vehicles. When only vehicle parameters are considered, it is possible to make predictions with an average relative error of 9.30%, with a prediction error less than 19.50% for 95% of all tested vehicles. Furthermore, a computer software called Vehicle Energy Consumption Calculation tool(VECTO) must be used to simulate the fuel consumption for all heavy duty vehicles, according to legislation by the EU. Running VECTO is a slow process, and this thesis also investigates how well statistical models can be used to quickly estimate the VECTO fuel consumption. The model estimates VECTO fuel consumption with an average relative error of 0.32%and with a prediction error less than 0.65% for 95% of all tested vehicles / Denna rapport fokuserar på att undersöka användningen av statistiska mod-eller för att uppskatta bränsleförbrukningen hos tunga fordon. Flera statistiska modeller utvärderas, tillsammans med maskinlärning med artificiella neurala nätverk. Data som registreras av sensorer ombord på Scania-lastbilar i EU beskriver fordonets drift. Användningen av dessa data för att uppskatta bränsleförbrukningen undersöks och flera variabler som kommer från operativa data modelleras och testas som möjliga in-parametrar. Uppskattningsmodellen för den verkliga bränsleförbrukningen använder 8 parametrar som beskriver användningen av fordonet och 8 parametrar som beskriver själva fordonet. Bland annat beskrivs medelhastighet, topografi, hastighetsvariation, andel tomgång. Denna modell har ett genomsnittligt relativfel på 5.75 %, med ett skattningsfel mindre än 11.14% för 95% av de de fordon som testats. Om endast fordonsparametrar beaktas som in-parametrar är det möjligt att göra skattningar med ett genomsnittligt relativfel på 9.30 %, med ett skattningsfel mindre än 19.50% för 95% av de de fordon som testats. Ett datorprogram kallat VECTO måste användas för att simulera bränsleförbrukningen för alla tunga fordon enligt EU-lagstiftning. Att köra VECTO är en tidskrävande process, och denna rapport undersöker också hur väl statistiska modeller kan användas för att snabbt uppskatta VECTO-bränsleförbrukningen. Modellen uppskattar VECTO-bränsleförbrukningen med ett genomsnittligt relativfel på 0.32% och med ett skattningsfel mindre än 0.65% för 95% av de de fordon som testats.

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