The evolution and relative importance of four issues -- civic boosterism and community autonomy, public services and planning, financial considerations, and race-related considerations -- were examined and analyzed as critical factors in Roanoke, Virginia's historic use of annexation. Particular attention was paid to the 1943, 1949, and 1962 annexation suits because they occurred during the period of increasing county opposition to annexation. An historical and political geographic methodology, which focused on Guelke's idealism, was used to analyze the role of the two principal actors, city and county officials as public personae, whose actions on the four issues constituted the scenario for the city's thirteen annexation suits. Civic boosterism and community autonomy played the initial role motivating the two principal actors in each suit. Expanding population, urbanization, and the statutory changes in Virginia’s annexation laws in 1904 increased the importance of public services and planning and financial considerations. Race-related considerations, however, were publicly ignored until the late 1960s after passage of the civic rights legislation. Rising county opposition resulted in passage of numerous bills permitting counties to provide services and other government functions comparable to those offered by cities. This gave Roanoke County officials and their constituents an alternative to annexation. As a consequence, Roanoke County increasingly opposed the city's annexation plans. In 1980 Roanoke County gained immunity from further annexations. / Master of Science

Chapter I. Early political and diplomatic career -- Chapter II. Anson Jones, Secretary of State -- Chapter III. Independence or annexation -- Chapter IV. Annexation achieved -- Chapter V. Assessment -- Bibliography.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude du projet de création d’un Etat palestinien. Elle pose la question de la possibilité de la naissance d’un tel Etat, conformément aux critères juridiques et politiques de l'Etat. Analysées les causes de l’échec des tentatives précédentes. Nous avons constaté que depuis la défaite des armées arabes en 1967, et à ce jour, la direction palestinienne n’avait pas une stratégie claire, aggravé par les divisions internes, ainsi que par la volonté manifeste de l'occupant israélien de rendre plus difficile une telle création.Notre recherche vise à montrer que si l'Etat palestinien peut être créé en droit, sa viabilité reste subordonnée à la bonne volonté d'Israël, quand bien même il bénéficierait de soutiens diplomatiques sincères de l’ensemble des acteurs internationaux. Ainsi, les Palestiniens se voient proposer, après les accords d'Oslo, plus qu'une autonomie et moins qu'un Etat,(Etat client), car dépourvu de toute forme de souveraineté. La « communauté internationale » n'a manifestement pas fait assez de pressions pour contraindre Israël à geler la colonisation, et ce malgré ses promesses de créer un Etat palestinien viable et indépendant, selon les présidents américains successifs.Ce travail aboutit à la conclusion que le projet d'un Etat palestinien est devenu un projet irréaliste dans le contexte politico-juridique actuel. / This study investigates the proposal to establish a Palestinian State in accord with international policy and law. The research also looks into the reasons for the failure to establish such a state following the defeat of Arab armies in 1967 until the present time. These reasons can be summarized in the lack of clear strategic policy for the Palestinian leadership, the internal division of the Palestinian political institutions, and the Israeli practices and measures against Palestinians and the Palestinian leadership on both international and national levels to stop the establishment of this state.This study attempts to show that in the absence of true international support for a Palestinian State, the existence and vitality of such a state would depend on Israel's good intentions. However, the prospects to establish this state seem unattainable as a result of Israel's refusal to abide by international law and in the absence and inability of the international community including the consecutive American Presidents to exert pressure on Israel to even freeze settlement. Following Oslo Agreement, Palestinians found themselves in a situation to establish an entity that is more than autonomous self-rule but still less than a fully-fledged state. The study concludes that the possibility to create a Palestinian State has become unrealistic in current political and legal contexts.

Abstract During the fourteen years between 1898 and 1912, the influences imparted upon the School System of Cuba were substantial. In the period immediately following the conflict with Spain, known in the U.S. as the Spanish American War, a concerted effort was underway to annex the island of Cuba. This study was undertaken to discover what courses were introduced into the K-12 curricula following the U.S. intervention, who introduced those changes, and what, if any influence those changes brought to the culture of the island. This investigation and analysis was necessary to reinvigorate the discussion regarding the history of the Cuban education system in view of the attempted cultural change brought about by the U.S. intervention. While many actions were underway by various factions both within the U.S. government and without to ensure that the annexation would be successful, one concerted effort was undertaken through the reconstruction of Cuba's schools. Changes that were made include: coursework, textbooks, structure of schools, selection process for teachers and professors at the University of Havana, holiday schedule, and the school-day and school-year. While the language of instruction remained Spanish, the method of delivery and training of Cuban school teachers was adapted through an extended summer Normal School program in association with Harvard University and a fulltime program at the New Paltz Normal School in New York. From the results collected regarding the coursework, individuals involved, and the changes imparted upon the culture of Cuba, it appears that a concerted effort was underway to impose a U.S.-styled school system on Cuba with the intended result of annexation of the island of Cuba by acclamation of the Cuban people.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_vc_me_rcla.pdf: 1357104 bytes, checksum: 93f8d2931c8ea5facacb9de9abe21ee3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O rio Paraná, em seu trecho natural, possui padrão multicanal caracterizado por canais secundários de diferentes ordens, separando diversas ilhas e barras fluviais. As barras fluviais são formas semi-submersas associadas à disponibilidade de sedimentos e a um dinamismo temporal cujas dimensões são controladas pelo fluxo e pela profundidade. Neste estudo, pretende-se compreender os processos que promovem a formação, desenvolvimento e movimentação de uma barra de soldamento situada junto à ilha Santa Rosa, no rio Paraná, município de Porto Rico - PR. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram realizados levantamentos de parâmetros hidráulicos, morfométricos e granulométricos. Nos dados levantados dos parâmetros hidráulicos, verificou-se que a presença da ilha Santa Rosa, juntamente com barra fluvial, divide o canal em dois setores de dinâmica hidráulica e sedimentar distintas. O canal principal conduz a maior parcela da vazão, é mais energético, enquanto o canal secundário apresenta valores inferiores nestes dois parâmetros. A separação do fluxo também acarreta na formação de correntes divergentes à direção principal do canal, favorecendo a diminuição da velocidade e, consequentemente, a deposição de sedimentos no entorno da ilha Santa Rosa. Averiguou-se que a morfologia da barra está diretamente vinculada às flutuações de vazão do rio Paraná: em período de águas altas há maior retrabalhamento da forma, já no período de águas médias, esta se preservou parcialmente, inclusive com afloramento em parte. Quanto aos sedimentos, as partículas de diâmetro fino distribuem-se em locais de maior velocidade de fluxo e profundidade (talvegue) em ambos os períodos analisados As partículas de diâmetro médio a grosso encontram-se no período de águas altas distribuídas pela área estudada; já no período de águas médias, estes sedimentos... / The Paraná River, in its natural stretch, has a multichannel pattern characterized by secondary channels of different orders, which separates several islands and bars. The bars are forms semi-submerged associated with the availability of sediment and a temporal dynamic, whose dimensions are controlled by the flow and depth. This study intends to understand the processes which promote formation, development and movement of the annexation bar associated to the Santa Rosa Island, located on Paraná River, near to Porto Rico - PR. To achieve the proposed aims, surveys were carried out in hydraulic, morphometric and granulometric parameters. In the data hydraulic parameters survey it was found that the presence of Santa Rosa Island along with bar divides the river channel in two sectors of distinct dynamic hydraulic and sediment. The main channel leads to a higher portion of the flow, it is more energetic, while the secondary channel has lower values in these two parameters. The separation of the flow also causes the formation of divergent currents towards the main channel, favoring the decrease in velocity and consequent deposition of sediments near to Santa Rosa Island. It was found that the morphology of the bar is directly linked to fluctuations in the flow of the Paraná River, during periods of high water there is more reworking, since in this average water period partially preserved its shape, emerging in part. As for sediment, the fine diameter particles are distributed in areas of higher flow velocity and depth (thalweg) in both analyzed periods. From medium to coarse diameter particles are, in the high-water period, distributed in the studied area, although in the average water period these sediments are located in low flow velocity and depth (Bar and Secondary Channel). Specific stream power and shields parameter values are larger in the main channel in both periods, indicating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1245982 bytes, checksum: e9ad5b11c184be69b5a29c5a09e7f13c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This master's research, linked to the Regional History and concentrated in History and Historical culture, intends to analyse the composition, operation and distribution of military bodies settled in the captaincy of Paraíba in the period from 1755 to 1799, at which time this was subordinated, military and administratively, to the captaincy of Pernambuco, giving a particular focus to the government of Jerônimo José de Melo e Castro (1764-1797) and to the military reforms made by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Count of Oeiras, future Marquess of Pombal and the present main secretary of the king José I (1755/6-1777). Moreover, we aim to peer the involvement of members of these bodies, notably those from the top of military corps, in the plots of power that engendered this colonial society and, at the same time, evaluate how the loss of political and administrative autonomy interfered in the maintenance of the troops and governing capability of captains mores of the captaincy of Paraíba. For this purpose, we adopted as a research referencial, as well as the concerning bibliography, with emphasis on the perspective of "New Political History" and the resulting notion of "Political Culture", the documentation of the Overseas Historical Archive. / Essa pesquisa de mestrado, vinculada à linha de Pesquisa de História Regional, com área de concentração em História e Cultura História, procura analisar a composição, atuação e distribuição dos corpos militares assentados na capitania da Paraíba no período de 1755 a 1799, época em que esta esteve subordinada, militar e administrativamente, à capitania de Pernambuco, dando especial destaque ao governo de Jerônimo José de Melo e Castro (1764-1797) e às reformas militares empreendidas por Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, o Conde de Oeiras, futuro Marquês de Pombal, então principal secretário do rei D. José I (1750-1777). Outrossim, objetiva-se perscrutar o envolvimento de membros destes corpos, notadamente, daqueles provenientes do alto oficialato, nas tramas de poder que se engendraram nesta sociedade colonial e, na mesma medida, dimensionar de que maneira a perda da autonomia político-administrativa interferiu na manutenção das tropas e na capacidade governativa dos capitães-mores da capitania da Paraíba. Para tanto, adotamos como material referencial de investigação, além da bibliografia atinente, com ênfase na perspectiva da Nova História Política e na decorrente noção de Cultura Política , a documentação do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino.

How a Realist-Constructivist Theory Can Contribute to Understanding the 2014 Ukraine Crisis Abstract Realism has been the predominant paradigm for analysing Russian foreign policy in recent times, however, it can sometimes appear lacking in convincing power. Constructivism offers some explanation for the motivation behind policy, however, again appears lacking in convincing power alone. Realist-constructivsm has been suggested to bridge the gap, as it were, between traditional notions of power, and cultural influences. The main argument for realist-constructivism is that some of the basic principles of realism must have a constructivist base, for example, in order to define the 'us' and 'them' in international politics and to determine with whom one is competing for power and influence, there first must be an understanding of how one defines the 'us'. This analysis examines the realistconstructivist theory as put forward by Barkin (2004; 2010), analyses its advantages and disadvantages, and seeks to view the Ukraine crisis of 2014 through a realist-constructivist lens, hoping to contribute something to the still young and developing discussion around a realist- constructivist theory. Keywords Realist-constructivist theory; NATO; national identity; Ukraine; Crimea; the EU; 2014; annexation

World society has been an eyewitness to a couple of actions during the 21st century that has disturbed the peaceful coexistence of neighbouring countries. As a consequence of this disturbance some parts of one of the countries was expropriated. These cases were events that took place in Georgia 2008 and Ukraine 2014. It is also obvious that it was the same country that contributed to these dramatic developments of the situation in the regions. Based on these facts, one of these two cases were chosen in order to analyse the development of the events before the occurrences took place. This study will primarily be focused on finding reasons for differences in the views of Russia and the UN on the occurrences that took place in Ukraine 2014. This regards the fact that Crimea peninsula being a part of Ukraine during the second half of 20th century and the beginning of the 21th century once again has become a part of Russia as an assignee of former Soviet Union. This event has a historical explanation because it was during the Soviet time that Crimea peninsula became a part of Ukraine. To find an explanation for the difference in views the current study will use a qualitative study of different academic articles, treaties and resolutions. / Världssamhälle har under 2000-talet vittnat vissa händelseutvecklingar som har kränkt en fredlig samexistens av grannländerna och som konsekvens av denna drabbning ett av länderna har förlorat en del av sitt territorium. Dessa fall har ägt rum i Georgien 2008 och Ukraina 2014. Det är dessutom självklart att ett och samma land har bidragit till sådana dramatiska händelseutvecklingar i regionerna. Undersökningen kommer att utgå från dessa uppgifter och analysera ett av dessa två fall för att följa utvecklingen av händelserna strax innan kravallerna bröt ut i regionen. Denna studie kommer framför allt fokuseras på att hitta anledningar till skillnaderna i Rysslands och General Församlingens medlemsmajoritet syn på de händelserna som har ägt rum i Ukraina 2014.  Med detta menas naturligtvis att Krimhalvön efter att vara en del av Ukraina under den andra hälften av 1900-talet och början av 2000-talet återigen blivit en del av Ryssland som är en arvtagare till före detta Sovjetunionen. Faktum att Krimhalvön återigen har blivit en del av Ryssland har en historisk förklaring eftersom Krimhalvön har blivit en del av Ukraina under Sovjetunionens tid. Undersökningen kommer att använda en kvalitativ textanalys för att analysera olika akademiska artiklar, avtal samt resolutioner och hitta förklaringen till skillnaden i synen på att Krim återigen har blivit en del av Ryssland.

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