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Mobiltelefoner har blivit grundläggande för extrahering av digitala artefakter i fo-rensiska utredningar. Androids Linuxbaserade operativsystem medför större möj-ligheter för anti-forensiska metoder, detta gör att kunskap om anti-forensik äressentiell för dagens IT-forensiska utredare. I denna studie belyses effekten avanti-forensik i Androidbaserade mobila enheter samt så upplyses det om dagensanti-forensiska attack metoder mot forensiska verktyg. Genom experiment så vi-sas det hur man kan förhindra ett forensisk verktyg från att extrahera data medanvändning av ett simpelt script. / Mobile phones have become essential for the extraction of digital artifacts in foren-sic investigations. Android’s Linux-based operating systems bring greater potentialfor anti-forensic methods, which means that knowledge of anti-forensics is essen-tial to today’s IT forensic investigators. In this study, the effect of anti-forensicson Android-based mobile devices is highlighted, as well as revealing today’s anti-forensic attack methods against forensic tools. By experiment, it is shown how toprevent a forensic tool from extracting data by using a simple script.

COURA, Chistiane Oliveira. Mecanismos envolvidos no efeito anti-inflamatório de uma fração polissacarídica da alga marinha vermelha Gracilaria cornea (J. Agardh). 2014. 140 f. Tese (Doutorado em Bioquímica) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-07-20T12:38:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_cocoura.pdf: 3226811 bytes, checksum: 0625ca41429aeffc3b0dee658a74d25e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-02T20:34:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_cocoura.pdf: 3226811 bytes, checksum: 0625ca41429aeffc3b0dee658a74d25e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T20:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_cocoura.pdf: 3226811 bytes, checksum: 0625ca41429aeffc3b0dee658a74d25e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Marine algae are natural sources of sulfated polysaccharides possessing several biological activities, including anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antinociceptivo and anti-inflammatory. Anti-inflammatory effects of total sulfated polysaccharides (PSTs) from the red seaweed Gracilaria cornea have been recently reported. However, their mechanisms of action are not clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify some action mechanism involved in anti-inflammatory effect of G. Cornea. Initially, the PSTs were extracted by enzimatic digestion and following fractioned on DEAE-cellulose column, obtaining two fractions (FI - 0.5 M and FII - 0.75 M). Male Wistar rats (150-250g) were used in the in vivo models of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the model of paw edema (s.c.) induced by dextran (500 μg/paw), carrageenan (700 μg/paw), histamine (100 μg/paw), serotonine (20 μg/paw), compound 48/80 (10 μg/paw), bradykinin (30 μg/paw) or L-arginina (15 μg/paw) and measured by plethysmometry. Moreover, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), analysis of the vascular permeability and histological examination of the subplantar tissue were performed. In addition, was performed analysis of expression levels of genic and protein of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β e COX-2 by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The involvement of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway in anti-inflammatory effect of FI was also investigated. Lastly, FI was locally injected to evaluate its pro-inflammatory activity, at doses of 3, 9 or 27 mg kg-1 per intraplantar subcutaneous (s.c.) route (i.pl.). The results showed that FI (3, 9 or 27 mg kg-1, sc) inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenan (Cg) and dextran, as confirmed by reduced MPO activity and of the raise of vascular permeability in the paw tissue, respectively. In addition, histological examination of the subplantar tissue, FI (3, 9 or 27 mg kg-1, sc) was able to reduce cell migration and edema. In addition, FI inhibited in 62,8 and 64%, respectively, the paw edema induced by histamine and compound 48/80, but did not inhibit paw edema induced by serotonin and bradykinin, suggesting the participation of histamine in this effect. FI (9 mg kg-1) also inhibited in 76,2% the pawedema induced by L-arginine, a substrate to nitric oxide formation. Additionally, FI (9 mg kg-1, sc) inhibited the Cg-induced edema in animals with intact mast cells, but did not inhibit of those with degranulated mast cells by compound 48/80, revealing a protective role on mast cell membranes. FI down-regulated the IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, compared with Cg group. After inhibition with ZnPP IX, a specific of HO-1 inhibitor, the anti-inflammatory effect of Gc-FI was not observed in Cg-induced paw edema, suggesting thus that the anti-inflammatory effect of Gc-FI is in part dependent on the integrity of the HO-1 pathway. In relation the effect pro-inflammatory, FI (3, 9 ou 27 mg kg-1, sc) was able to induce intense inflammatory process with neutrophil accumulation, as confirmed by increase MPO activity. However, the induced edema at a dose of 27 mg kg-1 of FI was inhibited by indomethacin, dexamethasone, pentoxifylline and meclizine, suggesting the involvement of prostaglandins, histamine and primary cytokines in pro-inflammatory effect of FI. Thus, it is concluded that FI from G. cornea presents pro- and anti-inflammatory activities depending on the administration route, considered a therapeutic agent potential for future studies in inflammatory processes. / As algas marinhas são fontes naturais de polissacarídeos sulfatados (PSs) detentores de diversas atividades biológicas, incluindo anticoagulante, antitrombótica, antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória. O efeito anti-inflamatório dos polissacarídeos sulfatados totais (PSTs) da alga marinha vermelha Gracilaria cornea foram relatados anteriormente. Entretanto, seus mecanismos de ação ainda não são conhecidos. O presente trabalho teve como finalidade esclarecer o mecanismo de ação envolvido no efeito anti-inflamatório de G. Cornea. Inicialmente, os PSTs foram extraídos por digestão enzimática e em seguida, fracionados por cromatografia de troca iônica em coluna de DEAE-celulose, originando duas frações (FI e FII). Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos (180-250g) para os modelos experimentais in vivo da inflamação. O efeito anti-inflamatório da fração FI, nas doses 3, 9 e 27 mg kg-1, foi avaliado utilizando o modelo de edema de pata induzido (s.c.) por dextrana, carragenana, histamina, serotonina, composto 48/80, bradicinina ou L-arginina e mensurado por plestismometria. Além disso, foram feitos os ensaios da atividade da mieloperoxidase (MPO), análise da permeabilidade vascular e análise histopatológica dos tecidos subplantares. Em adição, foram realizadas análises dos níveis da expressão gênica e proteica dos mediadores inflamatórios TNF-α, IL-1β e COX-2 por PCR em tempo real e imunohistoquímica, respectivamente. Além disso, investigamos o envolvimento da via heme-oxigenase 1 (HO-1) no efeito anti-inflamatório da FI. Por fim, FI foi testada localmente quanto à atividade pró-inflamatória, nas doses 3, 9 ou 27 mg kg-1; s.c. intraplantar. Os resultados mostraram que FI (3, 9 ou 27 mg kg-1, s.c.) inibiu o edema de pata induzido pela carragenana (Cg) e dextrana, como confirmados pela redução da atividade da MPO e da permeabilidade vascular no tecido da pata, respectivamente. Na análise histopatológica do tecido subplantar, FI (3, 9 ou 27 mg kg-1, s.c) reduziu a migração celular e o edema. Em adição, FI (9 mg kg-1) inibiu em 62,8% e 64%, respectivamente, os edemas de pata induzidos por histamina e composto 48/80, mas não inibiu os edemas induzidos por serotonina e bradicinina, sugerindo a participação da histamina neste efeito. FI (9 mg kg-1) também inibiu o edema induzido por Cg em animais com mastócitos não degranulados, mas não inibiu o edema no grupo de animais com mastócitos degranulados pelo composto 48/80, sugerindo que a mesma estabilize membrana de mastócitos. Além disso, FI (9 mg kg-1) inibiu em 76,2% o edema induzido por L-arginina e também diminuiu a expressão gênica e proteica dos mediadores IL-1β, TNF-α e COX-2 em relação ao grupo Cg. Na presença de Zinco Protoporfirina IX (3 mg kg-1; s.c.), FI-Gc (9 mg kg-1) perdeu sua capacidade em inibir o edema induzido por Cg, exercendo assim seu mecanismo de ação anti-inflamatório através do envolvimento da via da HO-1. Com relação ao efeito pró-inflamatório, FI-Gc (3, 9 ou 27 mg kg-1, s.c.) foi capaz de induzir intenso edema com infiltrado de neutrófilos, que foi confirmada pelo aumento da atividade da MPO. No entanto, o edema induzido com a dose de 27 mg kg-1 da FI foi inibido por indometacina, dexametasona, pentoxifilina e meclizina, sugerindo assim o envolvimento de prostaglandinas, histamina e citocinas primárias no efeito pró-inflamatório da FI-Gc. Logo, conclui-se que apesar da FI de G. cornea apresentar efeito pró-inflamatório local, possui efeito anti-inflamatório sistemicamente com mecanismo de ação relacionado com inibição da histamina, estabilização de membrana de mastócitos, modulação gênica e proteica dos mediadores IL-1β, TNF-α e COX-2, além da ativação da via da HO-1.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Himatanthus drasticus (Apocynaceae) à uma espÃcie tradicionalmente utilizada na medicina popular da regiÃo nordeste deste paÃs. Sua distribuiÃÃo ocorre das Guianas ao sudeste do Brasil. O lÃtex desta planta à obtido apÃs uma injÃria no caule e amplamente comercializado em mercados pÃblicos. As pessoas ingerem o lÃtex, conhecido como Leite de Janaguba (LJ), para o tratamento e/ou prevenÃÃo de diferentes doenÃas inflamatÃrias, gastrite, Ãlcera, cÃncer, entre outras. Apesar das diversas informaÃÃes oriundas da medicina popular, nÃo existem relatos cientÃficos suficientes confirmando tais propriedades farmacolÃgicas. Neste trabalho, LJ foi investigado com o propÃsito de validar sua tÃo popularmente relatada atividade anti-inflamatÃria. A fraÃÃo proteica deste lÃtex (HdLP) tambÃm foi investigada quanto à presenÃa de atividades anti-inflamatÃria, antinociceptiva, alÃm de seus efeitos toxicolÃgicos. LJ inibiu a resposta inflamatÃria induzida por carragenina em ratos (98%, p < 0.05), assim como o fez a fraÃÃo HdLP, independente da rota de administraÃÃo. HdLP reduziu a infiltraÃÃo de neutrÃfilos na cavidade peritoneal (96%, p < 0.05). Paralelamente a isto, ocorreu o aumento da sÃntese de Ãxido nÃtrico no plasma e a reduÃÃo de citocinas prÃ-inflamatÃrias (IL-1 e TNF-&#945;) no fluido peritonal. Esta fraÃÃo tambÃm preveniu a vacuolizaÃÃo e hiperplasia das cÃlulas de Kupfer, causadas pelo efeito da carragenina no fÃgado. Atividade anti-inflamatÃria està provavelmente associada com a fraÃÃo proteica de LJ. HdLP exibiu um efeito anti-inflamatÃrio mesmo apÃs aquecimento (100 &#61616;C, 30 minutos) ou proteÃlise. AlÃm desta atividade, um efeito prÃ-inflamatÃrio foi observado apÃs o tratamento com HdLP. Esta tambÃm suprimiu contraÃÃes abdominais induzidas por Ãcido acÃtico e reduziu a lambedura de pata induzida por formalina, ambos de maneira dose-dependente. A avaliaÃÃo da toxicidade aguda demonstrou a ausÃncia de efeitos tÃxicos apÃs tratamento com LJ e HdLP (v.o.) mesmo utilizando doses 5000 vezes maiores que as recomendadas. Uma dosagem qualitativa de fitoquÃmicos em HdLP mostrou a ausÃncia de lupeol e presenÃa de saponinas, taninos e esterÃides livres. Entretanto, as propriedades farmacolÃgicas provavelmente nÃo estÃo relacionadas com estas molÃculas. Desta forma, concluÃmos que o lÃtex de H. drasticus exibe duas das atividades farmacolÃgicas relatadas por seus usuÃrios e a fraÃÃo proteica deste lÃtex à um importante contribuinte para tais propriedades medicinais. A resistÃncia ao aquecimento e à proteÃlise pode explicar a efetividade de HdLP quando administrada oralmente. A ausÃncia de efeitos tÃxicos por via oral torna esta planta uma potencial candidata a fitoterÃpico. / Himatanthus drasticus (Apocynaceae) is traditionally used in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil. The plant is wildly distribuited from Guianas until Southeast Brazil. Latex obtained by cutting its stem bark is mixed with water and extensively sold in public markets. People use Janaguba milk (âLeite de Janagubaâ- LJ) to treat or prevent different inflammatory disorders such as gastritis, ulcers as well as cancer, among other uses. Despite, there is not enough scientific data confirming these pharmacological properties. In this work, Janaguba milk was preliminarily investigated in an attempt to validate its anti- inflammatory activity. Its major protein fraction (HdLP) was assessed for the presence of anti- inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and toxicological effects. LJ inhibited the inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in rats (98%, p < 0.05), whereas HdLP did it independent of the route of administration. HdLP significantly reduced the infiltration of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity (96%, p < 0.05) concomitant with increased nitric oxide synthesis in plasma and decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL- 1 and TNF-&#945; in peritoneal fluid. This fraction also prevented vacuolization and Kupfer cell hyperplasia caused by carrageenan in liver. Further, the anti-inflammatory properties were shown to be associated with the protein fraction of LJ. HdLP exhibited anti-inflammation, even after heat-treatment (100 &#61616;C, 30 min) or proteolysis. Moreover, a pro-inflammatory effect was observed after HdLP treatment. It also suppressed abdominal constrictions in acetic acid-treated mice and reduced paw licking induced by formalin, both in a dose-dependent manner. An acute toxicological evaluation demonstrated no toxic effects after 14 days from LJ and HdLP administration by oral route even when high doses were tested. A qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the absence of lupeol and presence of saponinas, tannins and free steroids in HdLP. However, pharmacological properties are probably not related to them. It is therefore concluded that the latex of Himatanthus drasticus exhibits both the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities claimed by its users. The protein fraction of the latex is an important contributor to the pharmacological properties of LJ. Resistance to heat and proteolytic treatment can explain the effectiveness of HdLP even when administered orally. The absence of toxic effects by oral route confirms the potential use of this plant as a phytotherapic agent.

Orientador: Priscila Gava Mazzola / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:28:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaral_LilianFerreiraBarbosa_D.pdf: 2465793 bytes, checksum: e61ffae5669fa378935586624f7137b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As indústrias cosméticas e farmacêuticas têm um crescente interesse na substituição dos antimicrobianos sintéticos nos produtos dermatológicos, devido à resistência dos microrganismos aos antimicrobianos convencionais. O pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) é uma frutífera nativa do Cerrado brasileiro utilizada na medicina popular, na indústria cosmética e na alimentação, com atividades leishmanicida e antimicrobiana descritas na literatura. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a segurança e a eficácia do extrato de Caryocar brasilense obtido por CO2 supercrítico visando sua aplicação cosmética. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) frente às bactérias Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus foi determinada pelo método clássico de microdiluição em placas. O potencial antioxidante do extrato foi determinado por um método baseado na oxidação do 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). Para avaliação da citotoxicidade e fototoxicidade in vitro, foram utilizados métodos colorimétricos baseados na conversão do corante tetrazólio (XTT) e o método do vermelho neutro (3T3 NRU), respectivamente. Na avaliação do potencial de irritação ocular empregou-se o teste na membrana corioalantóide do ovo de galinha (HET-CAM). O Perfil fitoquímico do extrato foi analisado quanto à presença de alcalóides, saponinas, antraquinonas, esteróides, taninos, flavonóides e compostos fenólicos, de acordo com métodos colorimétricos padronizados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o extrato de Caryocar brasilense obtido por CO2 supercrítico demonstra atividade antimicrobiana frente às bactérias testadas, além de potencial antioxidante comparado ao padrão testado. Adicionalmente, o extrato de Caryocar brasilense obtido por CO2 supercrítico não apresenta efeitos tóxicos, mostrando-se um extrato seguro. Estes resultados fornecem perspectivas de desenvolvimento de produtos para o cuidado pessoal, principalmente aqueles com atividade antisséptica e os que minimizam os danos causados pelos radicais livres / Abstract: The cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have an increasing interest in replacing synthetic antimicrobials in dermatological products due to increased microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents. Caryocar brasiliense Camb (pequi) is a typical Brazilian Cerrado fruit tree. Its fruit is used as a vitamin source for culinary purposes and as a source of oil for the manufacture of cosmetics. Leishmanicidal and antimicrobial activities have been reported previously. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of C. brasiliense extract obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were determined by the classical microdilution method. Antiseptic activity against these organisms was evaluated by the plate diffusion method. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated using a method based on the oxidation of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). In vitro cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of C. brasiliense supercritical CO2 extracts were assessed using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (XTT) and Neutral Red methods; eye irritation potential was assessed using the Hen's Egg Test ¿ Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) Test Method. The extract¿s chemical profile was analyzed for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds according to standard colorimetric methods. The C. brasiliense supercritical CO2 extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested. It also possesses antioxidant activity, when compared to a vitamin E standard. We also found that the C. brasiliense (pequi) extract obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction did not present cytotoxic and phototoxic hazards This finding suggests that C. brasiliense supercritical may be useful for the development of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical products, primarily for antiseptic skin products that inactivate, reduce, prevent, or arrest the growth of microorganisms with the inherent intent to mitigate or prevent disease as well as products that minimize damage caused by free radicals / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas

De nos jours, les agents anti-microtubules (MTA) sont administrés dans de nombreuses pathologiques cancéreuses reflétant ainsi leur grande efficacité anti-tumorale. Cependant, leur utilisation se voit limitée pour deux raisons : (i) l’apparition d’effets indésirables et, (ii) l’émergence de cellules tumorales résistantes. Pour palier ces problèmes, les MTA font l’objet de nombreux travaux de recherche faisant ainsi de ces composés des médicaments toujours dans l’ère du temps. L’objectif principal des travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit repose sur l’étude du mécanisme d’action des MTA afin d’optimiser, par la suite, leur administration. Dans une première partie s’inscrivant dans le domaine de la recherche fondamentale, nous avons caractérisé les mécanismes moléculaires à l’origine de l’efficacité anticancéreuse de ces agents. En effet, nous avons mis en lumière l’existence d’un pont signalétique entre les mitochondries et les microtubules avec un rôle crucial de la voie de signalisation Akt/GSK3β plaçant ainsi, de façon inattendue, la kinase Akt au cœur de l’efficacité des MTA. Ces résultats fournissant un rationnel mécanistique aux stratégies thérapeutiques associant les MTA aux thérapies ciblées anti-Akt, nous avons alors mené une étude oncopharmacologique démontrant que l’association MTA/anti-Akt est fortement synergique in vitro et in vivo.Mieux comprendre le mécanisme d’action des MTA, afin de proposer de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques aux cliniciens était l’objectif principal de cette thèse. Les résultats obtenus ici ouvrent ainsi la voie de l’association de ces agents avec les thérapies ciblées anti-Akt nouvelle génération. / Microtubule-Targeting Agents (MTA) are a broad group of anticancer drugs that are currently administered in a lot of cancers. Nevertheless, they can cause undesired side effects and can lose their effectiveness as a result of resistance development. The main objective of my PhD work was to characterize the MTA’s mechanism of action in order to optimize their administration in the future. In the first part, we demonstrated the important role of the kinase Akt in MTA effects. In the second part, we evaluated the interest to combine MTA with anti-Akt drugs. We observed that MTA efficacy is highly important with Akt targeting drugs, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma. These promising results will need further explorations in order to develop more convenient cancer therapy strategies.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1952 G71 / Master of Science

Colombia is the worst country to be a trade unionist in the world. Approximately 3,000 workers have been assassinated in the last 30 years, the state, paramilitary organizations and some multinationals being responsible for most of the murders. This fact highlights the importance of researching the mechanisms of mass violence against trade unionists including the mechanisms on part of the trade unionists that keep trade unionism alive. Because of the importance of studying power and resistance as part of social change, this thesis presents an ethnography of political violence against the labourers and the trade unionists that work for Pacific Rubiales Energy in the department of Meta, with focus on how those trade unionists resist such violence with an open resistance to both political violence and coercive capital accumulation. I state that the trade unionists, by adapting their list of demands to the locals' social and environmental needs, overstep corporatist trade unionism allowing them to break the social and physical death imposed by the state, the mafias and the multinational. I argue that the trade unionists' open resistance not only allows them to continue their social struggle and to challenge the violence exerted against them, but permits them to modernize a country that sustains a semi-feudal structure beneficial for the multinationals, the mafia barons and the economic and political elites by challenging their corrupt and murderous relations.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2002 xii, 90 leaves / The purpose of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of topical flurbiprofen in the form of a local action transcutaneous patch (LAT), in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

BACKGROUND: Fungal corneal ulcer is one of the major causes of visual impairment worldwide. Treatment of fungal corneal ulcer mainly depends on anti-fungal agents. In the current study, we developed an integrated combination therapy of cryotherapy and anti-fungal agents to facilitate effective treatment of fungal corneal ulcer. METHODS: Rabbit models of cornea infection were established using a combined method of intrastromal injection and keratoplasty. After treatment with cryotherapy and anti-fungal agents, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy were conducted to observe changes in microstructure in the rabbits. Periodic acid Schiff A and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for detection of histological changes. RESULTS: Continuous scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that cryothermal treatment inhibited growth of fungal mycelium by destroying fungal cellular structures. Typical cryotherapy was effective in curing fungal corneal ulcer. Different fungi showed different susceptibilities to treatment. The curative effect of Candida albicans was the best, while that of Aspergillus fumigates was the worst. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a novel method of a combination of cryotherapy and anti-fungal agents for treatment of fungal corneal ulcer. This treatment could help facilitate the practice of fungal keratitis treatment in the future.