The main objective of this work, was to elaborate on the topic of Isabella I. of Castile. The main focus was an emphasis on historical facts, of which I derived from Czech and foreign literatures and historical compendiums. The first part describes the political and economic situation in the Ibe c y I b ' coronation. Further, I look at her biography with a focus on details that could testify about her character and personality. This section provides the basis and support for the second part of this thesis. Besides the historical books, I explore also studies in the field of psychology. In the second part I deal with the motives which led I b g g z d I' interested in her tendency to her fanatical behavior. The theme of the Spanish inquisition in this work occupies a marginal position. The whole work is written with the need to view Isabel from the most different ways. This is supported by typologies of her personality and her tendency to achieve her goals from her position. In conclusion, I summarize the thesis defense, which I had already set out in the introduction of this thesis. I wanted to defend this theory: "Isabela as the only one in the history of her family, was able to effectively complete the Reconquista. What helped her was - religious fanaticism, coupled with unusually strong internal...

The intention of this thesis is to describe the process of putting together a performance of a lecture recital on the song cycle Try Me, Good King: Last words of the wives of Henry VIII by modern composer Libby Larsen, and to conduct an in depth exploration of the characters of the first five wives of King Henry VIII of England. Each wife’s character will be investigated in relation to their roles in this song cycle which draws its’ text from the final words of these five women. Each wife’s character will be investigated from three perspectives, that of history, that of Libby Larsen, my own perspective (Morgan Tingle). The ultimate result will be a solid developed character for each wife that is the culmination of my studies portrayed by myself, soprano Morgan Tingle, in the final lecture recital.

Au XIVème siècle, en Castille et en Aragon, règnent Pierre Ier et Pierre III, que l'Histoire connaît, respectivement, sous les noms de cruel et de cérémonieux. Ces surnoms sont dus aux Chroniques des deux rois : celle de Pero López de Ayala pour le règne de Pierre Ier et celle de Pierre III, aidé par d'autres intervenants, pour le sien. Les oeuvres sont donc des actes politiques, la première visant à blâmer l'action du souverain et la deuxième, à l'inverse, à la justifier. L'écrit revêt ainsi une importance capitale car c'est à travers lui que le lecteur- médiéval ou non- peut juger les événements et les personnes. Cependant, avant d'atteindre ce but, un travail sur l'activité même d'écriture doit être effectué. Il convient de s'interroger sur sa finalité, de réfléchir sur sa portée et d'indiquer ce à quoi elle doit tendre. L'enjeu est de taille car il consiste à définir ce que signifie l'expression " écrire l'Histoire ", en cette fin du Moyen Age.

Pour développer le pays et répondre aux demandes agricoles, urbaines, touristiques et industrielles, l'Espagne a mis en place une politique basée sur la construction et la gestion d'ouvrages hydrauliques (barrages-réservoirs, transferts d'eau entre bassins hydrographiques, etc.). Cette politique, qui a permis le développement économique de certaines régions agricoles ou touristiques, a généré des problèmes sociaux et environnementaux : expropriation de villages submergés par les retenues d'eau, dévastation d'écosystèmes, surexploitation des eaux souterraines ou encore dégradation qualitative des ressources hydriques. Appuyé par les lobbies agricoles, de la construction, de l'immobilier et du tourisme, le modèle de développement, qui vise à accroître rentabilité et profits est fondé sur une augmentation de l'offre en eau, quelles qu'en soient les conséquences sociales, économiques, territoriales, environnementales. Développement durable, gestion de la demande eau, économie d'eau, pénurie d'eau, sécheresses, etc. sont, en Espagne, des thèmes d'actualité. Les discours des politiques, des acteurs du secteur économique et les interventions des médias leur font une large place. Qu'en est-il dans la réalité ? La société espagnole se détourne-t-elle du modèle consumériste et de la rentabilité à tout prix ? Jusqu'à quel point le développement peut-il justifier l'exploitation, parfois la surexploitation, des ressources hydriques ? Afin de répondre à ces interrogations, ont été choisis deux espaces d'étude : l'Aragon et la Région de Murcie. Ces deux régions illustrent de façon extrême, parfois même caricaturale, les enjeux que suscitent la gestion et la relation à l'eau.

There have been many publications written about Henry VIII. It was his private life, because of which he primarily went down in history. Henry inherited the royal throne at a very young age. The Tudor dynasty ascended the English throne just for one generation. Henry's father ended the long−standing civil war. However, the fear of its continuation still remained. The most important task for the young king was to stabilize the position of the dynasty and to protect the throne against other pretenders. His whole life Henry lived in fear, that without a male heir, his family would be brought down. Catherine of Aragon became Henry's wife. There were many benefits from this union for England. The island kingdom was actively involved in continental policy. Nevertheless, Catherine was not able to give birth to an heir to England and fell into disgrace. Her nephew, Holy Roman Emperor, was the most powerfull ruler of the Christian Europe. Although he tried to prevent the annulment of their marriage by various means, he failed. Throughout his reign Charles was in a war conflict with the French king. He needed England like an ally against France even at the cost of his aunt's repudiation, which would remain without retaliation.

Le surréalisme africain nécessite d’interroger la part de l’influence du surréalisme français. La terminologie implique, en effet, un lien entre l’écriture africaine et le mouvement français. Ce lien est mis en place à la fois par la critique et par les dialogues entre les deux univers. Senghor incite à considérer la part indépendante de ce surréalisme en évoquant un surréalisme négro-africain. Nous dégageons alors, derrière d’apparentes similitudes, des différences notables qui révèlent un surréalisme au service d’une compréhension du monde purement africaine. Le surréalisme africain serait l’expression de la perception traditionnelle africaine dont la forme s’apparente à celle mise en place par le mouvement parisien sans qu’il y ait nécessairement eu influence. / African Surrealism requires the question from the influence of French surrealism. Terminology implies, indeed, a link between African writing and the French movement. This link is established by both critics and the dialogues between the two worlds. Senghor encouraged to consider independent part of this surrealism evoking a black negro-african surrealism. We disclaim then behind apparent similarities, differences which reveal a surrealism in the service of understanding the world purely African. African surrealism is an expression of the traditional African perception whose shape is similar to that introduced by the Parisian movement without necessarily had influence.

Orientadores: Paulo Miceli, Denis Menjot / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T15:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sales_MarianaOsueIde_D.pdf: 4559872 bytes, checksum: 19d2813975bc52adfd072cfba3b9a2de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A tese analisa das referências imperiais na política de D. Afonso V, rei do Portugal, entre 1448 e 1481. Na primeira parte, Mutação do lmperium foi estudada a dilatação jurídica de ímperium sobre os territórios marítimos adânticos e sobre domínios que os portugueses conquistaram no Norte da África. Na segunda parte, Construção do Império, analisamos como o cronista do rei, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, estabeleceu relações entre a história de Portugal e os Impérios históricos (Romano e Visigodo) e como referências bíblicas, entre elas destacamos a noção de Reino Eleito, de forte apelo universalista, constituiu referências fundamentais à política expansionista. Na terceira parte da tese, A. Restauração do Império, apresentamos a análise das pretensões imperiais do rei D. Afonso V, através da análise de dois aspectos da política externa. O casamento de sua irmã, Leonor de Portugal, com o Imperador Frederico III, Habsburgo e sua elevação ao título de imperatriz. O siêncio sobre a união nos permitiu de compreender porque o ideal imperial, cultivado pelo rei, distancia-se da referência imperial romano-germânica. Finalmente, o estudo sobre a guerra peninsular de D. Afonso contra Isabel de Castela e Fernando I de Aragão, durante o período de 1475 a 1479, explicita sua intenção de unificar a península Ibérica, reconstituindo a unidade mítica. Neste breve período, o rei reuniu todos os meios a seu alcance e tentou assumir o governo de Coroa de Castela através do casamento de Joana. Paralelamente, uma aliança feita com Luís XI, rei de França, também alimentou os planos de divisão dos territórios de Aragão, entre Portugal e França. / Abstract: This study analyses de imperial aspects of the politics of D. Afonso V, king of Portugal (1448-1481). The first part of the work is composed by the study of the dilatation of the juridical notion of imperium, concerning the atlantics and africans Portuguese possessions The second part studies how the historian of the king, Zurara, presented Portugal as an heir of the Roman and Visigoth empires and how the notion of elected kingdom, that carries a strong sense of universal monarchy, made part of the fundamental political ideals that sustained the expansion in Africa and at the Atlantic islands. At the last part, we present the imperial intents of the king through the study of his external politic with the Holy Empire and the Crown of Castile. The marriage of the sister's king, Leonor, with the emperor Frederick III, Habsburg, is the first aspect analysed. The silence about this union gave us means to understand why the ideal of Empire of the Portuguese king was very different of the roman germanic reference. Finally, we study the war between Portugal and Castile, against Isabel, the future Catholic queen, during the period 1475 and 1479. The king of Portugal tried to assume the government of the Crown, by marrying Jane, princess and heir of the Castile. Also, the plains signed between Louis XI, king of France and Afonso V, in 1475, shows that the portuguese king and French king intended to prepare a war agains Crown of Aragon and share their territories. The politic of Afonso inside Iberia explicated his aim of "re-unify" the peninsula under his control. / Doutorado / Historia / Doutor em História

This dissertation presents a previously unedited text by one of the most distinguished- yet neglected-Latin writers of the Italian Renaissance, Ercole Strozzi (1471-1508), a poet and administrator in the court of Ferrara. Under the Este Dukes, Ferrara became a major center of literary and artistic patronage. The Latin literary output of the court, however, has received insufficient scholarly scrutiny. The text is a verse funeral elegy of Eleonora of Aragon (1450-1493), the first Duchess of Ferrara. Eleonora was a remarkable woman whose talents and indefatigable efforts on behalf of her husband, her children, and her state, won her accolades both at home and abroad. She also served as a prototype for the remarkable careers of her two daughters, Isabella d'Este, and Beatrice d'Este, who are celebrated for their erudition and patronage of arts and letters. The text is a mirror of the Estense court and reveals to us how its members no doubt saw themselves, at the very peak of its temporal power and the height of its prestige as a center of cultural creativity. It is also important for the striking portrait it presents of Eleonora. Ercole Strozzi chose to call his poem an epicedium, an ancient minor literary genre that had received attention in the two decades prior to its composition, due to the discovery and printing of the silver age Roman poet Statius, whose text includes several epicedia. Strozzi deftly adapts and transcends both his ancient and contemporary models (especially Poliziano), and in the process, creates a new Latin literary genre, the Renaissance epicedium. It is a fine poem, full of both erudition and creativity, and as such is the first fruits of what would be Ercole Strozzi's illustrious poetic career. The work is genuinely worthy of study on both esthetic and historical grounds.

Les recherches qui ont abouti à cette thèse de doctorat s'inscrivent dans la thématique des nationalismes ibériques contemporains qui ont animé (et animent toujours) les questions territoriales et nationales de l'Espagne. L'Aragon, souvent absent de ce débat, est pourtant un territoire charnière entre la France, la Catalogne, le Pays valencien, la Castille et le bloc basco-navarrais. D'un point de vue géopolitique, l'Aragon apparaît donc en territoire " tampon " entre l'Espagne centrale (exclusivement castillane, hispanophone et nationalement espagnole) et l'Espagne périphérique (bilingue et dont la conscience nationale est plus complexe). Du fait de ces spécificités, l'Aragon ne connaît pas le bipartisme PSOE/PP propre aux régions de l'intérieur de l'Espagne. Pour gouverner l'Aragon et ses communes, ces deux partis espagnols doivent s'allier à des forces aragonaises (une de centre-droit et une de centre-gauche). Chunta Aragonesista (CHA), créée en 1986 est ce parti aragonésiste de gauche ; il se dit " nationaliste ". Le " nationalisme aragonais " de CHA trouve sa légitimité dans l'existence d'une " nation aragonaise " justifiée par l'Histoire médiévale du Royaume d'Aragon et ses institutions politiques et juridiques. CHA défend ainsi " l'autodétermination de la nation aragonaise " au sein d'un État espagnol fédéral. Son membre le plus célèbre, a sans doute été José Antonio Labordeta, disparu en septembre 2010, qui a été député au Congreso de los Diputados de Madrid pendant deux législatures (2000-2004 et 2004-2008).

The northern Iberian Bishopric of Calahorra was re-founded in 1045 by Garcia 111 of Navarre. Between that date and the death of its eighth post-restoration bishop in 1190 all or part of its diocesan territory changed hands seven times between the Kingdoms of Navarre, Leon-Castile/Castile, and Aragon, as they competed over the riojan frontier- zone on which it was located. The position of the diocese on such a volatile secular frontier had consistently profound, but also steadily changing, effects on its political and institutional development. In the initial phase of Calahorra's restoration, its bishop was enormously empowered by his central role in the consolidation of Navarre's southern and western frontiers, but was held back from establishing a centralized diocesan administration by the insecurities inherent in the borderland condition of his see. Following a change of political regime in the Rioja in 1076, the bishopric suffered the severe consequences of its total identification with a defeated secular power when its embryonic diocesan structures were comprehensively dismantled and its bishops subjected to a dominant and hostile crown that effectively undermined their diocesan authority. The debilitation of royal authority in the Rioja and the region's political marginalization between 1109 and 1134 provided the context for the emergence of the see's independent political stance and its notably autonomous and rapid development of a strong cathedral. When Leonese-Castilian regional dominance was forcefully reasserted between 1134 and 1157, the Bishops of Calahorra were able to put the forceful currents of canonical reform that emanated from an increasingly comprehensive and emphatically territorial secular ecclesiastical hierarchy to use in combining their centrality to the north-eastern border politics of the Crown of Leon-Castile with the independent pursuit of a specifically diocesan agenda. When Castile ceased serving Calahorra's territorial interests towards the end of the twelfth century, the see used the political leverage it gained by its inclusion in the Aragonese Metropolitanate of Tarragona to distance itself from Castilian politics, thus revealing its maturity as a frontier power in its own right.