The Point Sur Lighthouse is an unreinforced stone masonry building completed in 1889 on the central coast of California. The lighthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is still an active aid to navigation. The original first-order Fresnel lens was removed from the lantern room and placed in safekeeping due to its high risk of damage in the event of a strong earthquake. The lens has been approved to return to its original setting but the seismic performance of the building must first be assessed in order to ensure the safety of the lens and lighthouse, specifically the out-of-plane behavior of the unreinforced masonry walls, the implementation of possible seismic retrofit schemes, and the effects of the lens’s added weight. This research focuses on the dynamic behavior of the lighthouse in its current state and the changes in the dynamic behavior each of the proposed seismic retrofit schemes might cause. For the purposes of this research, dynamic behavior is considered as natural frequencies, mode shapes, and related structural properties. The dynamic behavior of the lighthouse was assessed using two main methods: forced vibration testing and finite element computer modeling. Forced vibration testing is a nondestructive testing method that can be used to directly characterize dynamic behavior of a structure, and finite element computer modeling is useful for the design and simulation of dynamic behavior of both new and existing structures. The combination of these two methods on the Point Sur Lighthouse will work to develop and prove state-of-the-art seismic retrofitting techniques.

År 2017 bidrog bygg- och fastighetssektorn i Sverige med cirka 18 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter världen över varav 12,2 miljoner ton släpptes ut inom Sveriges gränser. Detta motsvarar cirka 19 procent av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser. Sektorn stod under samma år även för 32 procent av Sveriges totala energianvändning och under 2016 bidrog man till 31 procent av Sveriges totala avfall. Bygg- och fastighetssektorn bidrar till en betydande del av landets klimatpåverkan. En metod för att mäta en byggnads miljöpåverkan under dess livslängd är livscykelanalysen (LCA). I en LCA ingår samtliga processer som sker under dess livstid, från att naturresurser utvinns tills att rivningsmassor tas om hand. Att integrera BIM och livscykelanalyser har flera potentiella fördelar, exempelvis minska tidsåtgången för att genomföra en analys. Det här arbetets syfte är att undersöka och skapa en djupare förståelse för hur man med hjälp av BIM kan genomföra klimat- och livscykelanalyser. Studien syftar även till att utreda hur man med stöd av analyser kan fatta hållbara beslut under projekteringsprocessen. I längden kommer arbetet kunna bidra till ett mer hållbart byggande. Studiens mål är att besvara följande tre frågeställningar: (1) Hur kan klimat- och livscykelanalyser integreras med en projektörs vardagliga BIM-användande? (2) Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar finns det med användandet av BIM vid klimat- och livscykelanalyser? (3) Hur kan byggnadsprojektörer använda sig av klimat och livscykelanalyser för att bygga med lägre klimatpåverkan? Arbetet är uppdelat i en litteraturstudie, en intervjustudie och en programdemonstration som syftar till att besvara ovan nämnda frågeställningar. Litteraturstudiens syfte har varit att få en djupare kunskap inom arbetets två huvudområden, BIM och livscykelanalyser, samt hur dessa kan integreras tillsammans. För att få en bättre förståelse för hur klimat- och livscykelanalyser samt BIM idag används av Arkitekter, Projektörer och specialister har semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda på ett nordiskt konsultföretag genomförts. Resultatet från litteratur- och intervjustudien har även lett fram till valet av de programvaror som ingår i demonstrationen, Bidcon, Byggsektorns miljöberäkningsverktyg (BM1.0) och One Click LCA. Programdemonstrationens syfte är att visa hur en arkitekt eller projektör kan utföra klimat- och livscykelanalyser med de tidigare nämnda programvarorna och hur programmen kan användas för att jämföra olika material- och konstruktionsval. Bristen på kvalitativ data är idag ett problem vid livscykelanalyser av byggnader. Det kan exempelvis ses i programvarudemonstrationerna där resultatet variera mellan de olika verktygen. Detta då de använder sig av olika databaser. Den planerade introduktionen av Boverkets databas med relevant information för beräkning av klimatpåverkan utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv kan komma att minimera denna problematik. Litteraturen poängterar vikten vid att datan, arbetsprocessen och framförallt resultatet är användarvänligt och lättolkat. Litteraturen förespråkar även ett helt automatiskt verktyg där ingen manuell handpåläggning behöver göras. Ett sådant verktyg har ej kunnat lokaliserats, och finns troligtvis idag inte. Med hjälp av BIM kan dock det manuella arbetet minskas kraftigt. Genom att använda ett eller flera av de verktyg som redovisas under programdemonstrationen kan olika material, konstruktioner eller utformningar analyseras och jämföras mot varandra med klimatpåverkan som utgångspunkt. Samtliga metodiker som redovisas bygger på en integrering med BIM-verktyget Revit som vardagligt används vid projektering av byggnader. Genom att välja de alternativ som har den lägsta klimatpåverkan kan byggnadsprojektören bidra till ett mer hållbart byggande

Studien utforskar strukturell form, massivträ som byggmaterial, samt olika konstruktiva lösningar för en massivträbebyggelse av urbana flerbostadshus i form av kranhus. En byggnadstypologi som kännetecknas av ett markant överhäng. Utvecklings- och designprojektet tar avstamp i ett bebyggelsekoncept skapat av 2april AB tillsammans med en hållbar hamnurbanisering tillhörande Luleå kommuns stadsutveckling (Vision Luleå 2050) En kvalitativ strategi har använts vid val, utförande och nyttjandet av metoder i en iterativ designprocess. Metoder: Litteraturstudie, visuell metodik och intervjuer. / The study explores structural form, solid wood as a building material and various structural solutions for a solid wood development of urban apartment buildings in the shape of crane houses. A building typology which is characterized by its pronounced cantilever. The development and design project takes its starting point in a building concept created by 2 April Ltd. together with a sustainable port urbanization associated Luleå municipality’s development vision (Vision Luleå 2050). A qualitative strategy has been used in the selection, execution, and use of methods in an iterative design process. Methods: Literature study, visual methodology and interviews. Keywords: Crane house, Solid wood, Structure, Cantilever, Port urbanization, Vision Luleå 2050.

Sweden today has one of the world's oldest populations, and forecasts from Statistics Sweden (SCB) indicate that the older population group will continue to increase steadily in the future.At advanced ages, functional impairments often follow, such as reduced vision, hearing, and mobility, as well as cognitive impairments. Statistics also show that we continue to live in our houses at an advanced age which implies that we need to demand higher standards for the design of our homes. The requirements for design of a home are also a current issue in the energy debate, as Sweden has had a period of high electricity prices and power shortages.This study was conducted with the aim of developing a model for the design of an accessible, legible, and energy-efficient floor plan through a qualitative case study. 18 design criteria were developed and five floor plans from some of Sweden's most common house suppliers were evaluated according to the created valuation model.Ratings were made on a Likert scale, and averages were calculated both for each category and a total across all criteria, resulting in the First Choice 1.0 floor plan from Mjöbäcksvillan receiving the highest overall rating / Sverige har idag en av världens äldsta befolkningar och prognoser från SCB visar på att den äldre befolkningsgruppen stadigt kommer att öka framöver.Vid hög ålder medföljer ofta funktionsnedsättning, t.ex. i form av nedsatt syn, hörsel och rörelseförmåga, men även kognitiva nedsättningar.Statistiken visar även på att vi bor kvar i våra småhus upp i hög ålder vilket betyder att vi behöver ställa högre krav på våra bostäders utformning. Kraven på bostadens utformning är även aktuell i energifrågan, då Sverige haft en period med höga elpriser och effektbrist.Denna studie utfördes med målet att ta fram en modell för utformningen av en tillgänglig, läsbar och energieffektiv planlösning genom en kvalitativ fallstudie. 18 designkriterier togs fram och fem planlösningar från några av Sveriges vanligaste husleverantörer värderades utifrån den skapade värderingsmodellen.Betyg sattes utifrån en Likertskala och genomsnitt beräknades både utifrånvarje kategori och totalt över alla kriterier, vilket resulterade i att planlösningen First Choice 1.0 av Mjöbäcksvillan hade det högsta totala betyget

The thesis is an outcome of a collaborative work between the author and an architect. It aims to answer design questions that were posed in the early stages by the team of a student architect and the author himself relating to the daylighting performance of the building located in Stockholm, Sweden. Two design elements of interest that were to be evaluated were decided: the orientation of the building and the effect of introducing an atrium in the building. Annual daylighting performance simulations were carried out and these two design elements were parametrically varied to see the effect on the daylight distribution inside the building for the given architectural model. For the same design parameters, an energy model was created and simulated to see the effect of these design alteration on the cooling loads of the building. The importance of early stage collaboration between engineers and designers have also been discussed which sets the contextual scene of the thesis.

As the world is speeding towards the future that is perceived as desirable, this project looks into trends of shaping the future of consumerism. With the growth of capitalism, particularly after First Industrial Revolution,

This master thesis is intended as a contribution to the understanding of the influence urban form has on urban life and by extension social structures in society, by focusing on gender relations and their reflections on the use of public space. In addition, the aim of the study is to do so in relation to a comparison between two different types of urban environments; one slum area that can be regarded as formally unplanned with an irregular gradually grown street network and one slum area of more deliberately planned character with a more regular street grid. With the use of quantitative methods, such as space syntax, structured observations and correlations studies, differences in co-presence between women and men, in the form of staying in public space, and between the areas are discovered. With the addition of qualitative methods, such as interviews and unstructured observations, as well as a review of the context in which the study is set and a theoretical discourse the reasons behind the differences is discussed. It is suggested that the blurred distinctions between private and public space often found in slum areas and the division of responsibilities and activities between women and men in the given context results in a certain degree of gender segregation in public space. Women are often restricted to the space in proximity of their homes, why it becomes an extension of their homes as well as a space for interaction which creates semi-public spaces. As men more often socialise further away from home in spaces of more public function, this creates a certain degree of segregation between women and men in public space. The most significant physical difference between the study areas proved to be the hierarchal properties of the street network. The clearer hierarchy in the unplanned area implicates that the spaces where women stays generally is of a lower degree of public function. The regular street grid of the planned area resulted in a more even distribution of public function, why men more often also stays in the semi-public spaces in residential alleys. In this way the built environment in the unplanned area reflects and reproduces gender relations in the use of public space. An implication is that since the correspondence between social structures in society and the use of public space is something that can assumed be effected by design, the urban designer has continuously in the context of development of slum areas in the developing world, and in general, an important role to play.

This thesis discusses the potential for preserving the cultural assets embodied in built heritage, which is damaged in disasters and further threatened during recovery processes. The general underlying assumption is that the use of reclaimed and recycled building materials is a way to retain heritage and cultural values in a sensitive post-disaster reconstruction. It looks at the development of the reclamation practice in Germany, and through analysis of successes and barriers there, it makes parallel comparisons for opportunities and limitations in the Chilean post- February 27th, 2010 earthquake context. This thesis goes on to propose a housing prototype design, which aims to address the undervaluation of traditional building materials and to recommend improvements to urban quality through the design of a house prototype intended to replace those lost in the earthquake. The design site is Chanco, a town that typifies regional heritage architecture of adobe, timber, ceramic tiles and continuous facades in the Maule region of Chile.

Today there are more cities localized on our coastlines than ever before. Unfortunately, this fact poses an immediate danger due to the rising tides of our oceans. Together with the increase in global population and coastal erosion, the world will increasingly become a more difficult place to live. With our overcrowding cities, mercurial changes in weather and over three quarters of the earth's surface being uninhabited oceans; we need cities that are mobile, seaworthy and capable of avoiding natural disasters. Thus, by creating these types of cities, architects will lead the way to ensure the safety of the public and ultimately civilization itself. I believe the most feasible solution to these problems is for us to advance our civilizations onto the oceans. Moreover, the concept of designing static cities and buildings must evolve with the changing world or we as architects will be at fault for failing to design a survivable future. Within the last decade we have seen cities become the tombs of the innocent. From September 11th, New Orleans, tsunami's and earthquakes, we have witnessed destruction on a scale never before seen in modern history. Therefore, the aim of this research is the creation of a self contained, independent and divergent architectural system capable of being entirely self-sustained within a mobile seafaring environment. Moreover, through the creation of a closed-loop mobile civilization, both our dependence on land and the impending crisis awaiting static structures will be significantly diminished. Ultimately, the aim of Divergence is fourfold: 1. Development of a mobile civilization. 2. Development of Closed-Loop technologies. 3. Enable long term survivability and independence. 4. Bring architectural sensibilities to the creation of an ocean city.

The thesis project proposes to explore into the design possibilities for the Civic Center for Municipal Corporation of Delhi and extract the richness of the site conditions into architecture through means of computational design. The computational design approach will provide a degree of variance which will be an interesting thing to explore in terms of defining spaces, program and systems.. The design would hinge on to one of the major centers of Delhi and aim to enhance social permeability through means of forms and articulation of spaces. It would cater to all classes of people and help in promoting small local businesses thereby weaving into the social and cultural fabric of India.