This study explores the possibilities of rewriting the text of a complex novel as a film script. Film is an important contemporary artform but the actuality of the thematic content of contemporary Afrikaans novels is not well represented in current films. In this study an adaptation of the novel, The long silence of Mario Salviati by Etienne van Heerden (2000) ,t o a script is made in an attempt to provide the Afrikaans scriptwriter with a workable method. The theme which features prominently in the adaptation is the experience of identity in the post-colonial and/or post-apartheid era in South Africa. Theoretical reflection on the problem of adaptation is essential before the chosen novel can be turned into a script, since the scriptwriter has to make certain adjustments during the process of adaptation. The adaptation of a novel to a script implies the translation of a written, descriptive text into a visual text. When a complex novel such as The long silence of Mario Salviati is rewritten as a script, a detailed analysis of the novel must be undertaken in order to identify the relevant ideological content, the important themes and underlying meanings which should be retained in the film script. In order to find appropriate visual images for the thematic content of the novel, contributions of semiotics to film studies are studied and implemented in the process of visualisation. The chosen theme for the script of The long silence of Mario Salviati is "Identity, hybridity and liminality in the Tallejare community". This theme features prominently in many narratives about post-colonial and post-apartheid issues; therefore theoretical reflections on the concepts of liminality and hibridity are included in the study. There are two main sections in the dissertation. In the first section aspects of scriptwriting are analysed and discussed in order to develop a workable method for scriptwriters. The study entertains the hope that more contemporary Afrikaans novels will be adapted for the big screen or television by the film industry. This is necessary to ensure that the experience of South African identity is represented adequately in the Afrikaans film industry. The second section of the dissertation contains the film script, which is an adaptation of the novel The long silence of Mario Salviati by Etienne van Heerden. The script forms an integral part of the study as well as of the dissertation. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Representations of the Gypsies and their lifestyle were widespread in British culture in the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This thesis analyzes the varying literary and artistic responses to the Gypsy figure in the period circa 1780-1870. Addressing not only well-known works by William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, Walter Scott, John Clare, Robert Browning, Matthew Arnold and George Eliot, but also lesser-known or neglected works by Gilbert White, Hannah More, George Crabbe and Samuel Rogers, unpublished archival material from Princess Victoria's journals, and a range of articles from the periodical press, this thesis examines how the figure of the Gypsy was used to explore differing conceptions of the landscape, identity and freedom, as well as the authoritative discourses of law, religion and science. The influence of William Cowper's Gypsy episode in Book One of The Task is shown to be profound, and its effect on ensuing literary representations of the Gypsy is an example of my interpretation of Wim Willem's term ‘paper Gypsies': the idea that literary Gypsies are often textual (re)constructions of other writers' work, creating a shared literary, cultural and artistic heritage. A focus on the picturesque and the Gypsies' role within that genre is a strong theme throughout this thesis. The ambiguity of picturesque Gypsy representations challenges the authority of the leisured viewer, provoking complex responses that either seek to contain the Gypsy's disruptive potential or demonstrate the figure's refusal to be controlled. An examination of texts alongside contemporary paintings and sketches of Gypsies by Princess Victoria, George Morland, Thomas Gainsborough, J. M. W. Turner, John Constable and John Everett Millais, elucidates the significance of the Gypsies as ambiguous ciphers in both literature and art.

Max Reger was a prolific composer on the threshold of modernism. The style of his extensive musical output was polarizing among his contemporaries. A criticism of Reger's music is its complex and dense musical structure. Despite writing tonal music, Reger often pushes the boundaries of tonality so far that all sense of formal organization is seemingly imperceptible. In this dissertation, I offer what I observed to be a new way of discerning Reger's motivic relationships and formal structures within and between movements. There are three primary tools and methods I incorporated to make these observations: Schoenberg's developing variation; melodic contour analysis as discussed by Elizabeth West-Marvin and Diana Deutsch; and Janet Schmalfeldt's motivic cyclicism stemming from internal themes. In this dissertation I examine five different musical works by Reger: D minor Piano Quartet, Clarinet Quintet, Piano Concerto, String Quartet, op. 121 and E minor Piano Trio, op. 102. My analysis shows how Reger relies on melodic contours of his motives to connect musical moments across entire movements and entire works with multiple movements. These motives are developed and often mark structurally significant moments providing the organization often perceived as missing in Reger's music.

The Grundgestalt (Ger: 'basic shape') is a term coined by Arnold Schoenberg to describe the basis for coherence within a musical composition. Although neither precisely defined, nor adequately supported by examples from his literature, the Grundgestalt remains an important facet of Schoenbergian theory. Composed of several gestalten that occur repeatedly, Schoenberg's Grundgestalt functions as a germinating factor within a piece that allows its motivic, thematic, and rhythmic information to become more accessible through their frequent repetition and diverse presentation. In addition to Schoenberg's definition, the first part of this dissertation discusses the individual findings of Schoenberg's pupils Josef Rufer and Rudolf Réti. Subsequently developed by the contributions of David Epstein, Walter Frisch, Patricia Carpenter, Michael Schiano, and Brent Auerbach, their combined efforts then attempt to illustrate the organicism of the Grundgestalt, to clarify its terminology, and to refine the framework of its analysis. Based upon the framework described in the previous chapter, the second half of this dissertation presents the criteria for the determination of the Grundgestalt. Beginning with a derivation of Brent Auerbach's proto-Grundgestalt analysis that catalogs the various voice-leading strands of a given composition into a summary chart that tracks the frequency of each motive's occurrence within its underlying musical segments, the analysis then evaluates the basis for each motive's hierarchy through a relative valuation according to the principles of cardinality and individuality. Following a subsequent expansion of the rules governing the organic map that Auerbach proposed to provide a visual representation of the hierarchy described in the proto-Grundgestalt analysis, summary chart, and relative valuation, Part III this dissertation uses that data to specify the location of the Grundgestalt in Johannes Brahms' Trio, Op. 114. A subsequent analysis of Brahms' Quintet, Op. 115 then provides the information necessary to qualify the Trio as emergent Grundgestalt archetype, and the Quintet as a cyclic Grundgestalt archetype.

During the Great War, poetry played a more significant role in the war effort than articles and pamphlets. A campaign of extraordinary language filled with abstract and spiritualized words and phrases concealed the realities of the War. Archaic language and lofty phrases hid the horrible truth of modern mechanical warfare. The majority and most recognized and admired poets, including those who served on the front and knew firsthand the horrors of trench warfare, not only supported the war effort, but also encouraged its continuation. For the majority of the poets, the rejection of the war was a postwar phenomenon. From the trenches, leading Great War poets; Owen, Sassoon, Graves, Sitwell, and others, learned that the War was neither Agincourt, nor the playing fields of ancient public schools, nor the supreme test of valor but, instead, the modern industrial world in miniature, surely, the modern world at its most horrifying.

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Cette thèse explore les propriétés quantitatives et qualitatives des fibrés cotangents T∗M de variétés lisses fermées M, d’un point de vue symplectique. Les aspects quantitatifs concernent le problème d’empilement de boules symplectiques dans un voisinage ouvert W de la section nulle. Nous introduisons une fonction de type distance ρW sur la section nulle M en utilisant l’empilement symplectique de deux boules. Dans le cas où W est le fibré en disques unitaire associé à une métrique riemannienne g, nous montrons comment reconstruire la métrique g à partir de ρW. Comme étape intermédiaire, nous construisons un plongement symplectique de la boule B2n(2/√π) de capacité 4 dans le produit de disques unitaires lagrangiens Bn(1) × Bn(1). Une telle construction implique la conjecture de Viterbo forte pour Bn(1) × Bn(1). Nous donnons aussi une borne sur le rayon relatif de Gromov Gr(M, W) lorsque M admet une action non-contractile de S1. La borne est donnée en termes de l’action symplectique des relevés des orbites non-contractiles de l’action de S1. Nous donnons aussi des exemples de cas où cette borne est optimale. Ce résultat fait partie d’un travail en collaboration avec Dylan Cant. La deuxième partie du travail est liée aux aspects qualitatifs. Nous montrons l’existence d’orbites périodiques de systèmes hamiltoniens sur T∗M pour une grande classe d’hamiltoniens. Un autre aspect qualitatif est la preuve de la conjecture de la corde Arnol’d pour les sous-variétés legendriennes conormales dans le fibré en co-sphères S∗M. Cette partie de la thèse est un travail conjoint avec Dylan Cant et Egor Shelukhin. Nous montrons que pour une sous-variété fermée donnée N ⊂ M, il existe une corde de Reeb non-constante dans (S∗M,α) avec extrémités sur ΛN := ν∗N ∩S∗M, pour toute forme de contact α sur S∗M qui induit la structure de contact standard. / This dissertation explores the quantitative and qualitative properties of the cotangent bundles T ∗M of a closed smooth manifolds M , from the symplectic point of view. Quantitative aspects involve packing the open neighborhood W of the zero section with symplectic balls. We introduce a distance-like function ρW on the zero section M using the symplectic packing of two balls. In the case when W is the unit disc-cotangent bundle associated to the Riemannian metric g, we show how to recover the metric g from ρW . As an intermediate step, we construct a symplectic embedding from the ball B2n(2/√π) of capacity 4 to the product of Lagrangian unit discs Bn(1) × Bn(1). Such a construction implies the strong Viterbo conjecture for Bn(1) × Bn(1). We also give a bound on the relative Gromov width Gr(M, W) when M admits a non-contractible S1-action. The bound is given in terms of the symplectic action of the lift of non-contractible orbits of the S1-action. We also provide examples of when such a bound is sharp. This result is part of the joint work with Dylan Cant. The second part of this joint work is related to the qualitative aspects. We show the existence of periodic orbits of Hamiltonian systems on T ∗M for a large class of Hamiltonians. Another qualitative aspect is proof of the Arnol’d chord conjecture for conormal Legendrians in the co-sphere bundle S∗M . This part of the dissertation is joint work with Dylan Cant and Egor Shelukhin. We show that for a given closed submanifold N ⊂ M there exists a non-constant Reeb chord in (S∗M, α) with endpoints on ΛN := ν∗N ∩ S∗M, for arbitrary contact form α on S∗M which induces standard contact structure.

[ES] En el presente trabajo se estudia la relación de las estrategias narrativas de la música atonal en la ópera de la Escuela de Viena y el cine de la segunda mitad del Siglo XX. Como muestra de la información transmitida en los usos musicales de cada género dramático, se realiza un análisis audiovisual y comparativo de las óperas Erwartung, Wozzeck, Lulú y Moses und Aron junto con las películas Force of evil, The cobweb, Doctor Faustus y The man with the Golden arm. El principal propósito es mostrar las distintas formas en las que se establece la narratividad musical como parte del transcurso histórico del SXX, así como definir la forma en la que afectan al cine y la ópera sus posibilidades y limitaciones dramáticas. / [CA] Al present treball s'estudia la relació de les estratègies narratives de la música atonal a l'òpera de l'Escola de Viena i junt al cinema a la segona meitat del segle XX. Com a mostra de la informació transmesa als usos musicals de cada gènere dramàtic, es realitza un anàlisi audiovisual i comparatiu de les òperes d'Erwartung, Wozzeck, Lulú i Mosses und Aron junt amb les pel·lícules Force of evil, The cobweb, Doctor Faustus i The man with the Golden arm. El principal propòsit es mostrar les distintes formes en les que s'establix la narrativitat musical com a part del transcurs històric del segle XX, així com definir la manera en la que afecten al cinema i l'òpera les seves possibilitats i limitacions dramàtiques. / [EN] This paper will focus on the relationship between the narrative strategies of atonal music in the opera of the Viennesse School and the cinema of the second half of the twentieth Century. By using a sample of the information transmitted in the musical uses of each dramatic genre, an audiovisual and comparative analysis will be made, based on the operas Erwartung, Wozzeck, Lulú and Moses und Aron and the films Force of evil, The cobweb, Doctor Faustus and The man with the Golden arm. The purpose of this analysis is to show the different ways in which musical narrativity is established as part of the historical course of the past century, as well as to define the way in which their dramatic possibilities and limitations affect cinema and opera. / Martín Quintanal, R. (2023). El atonalismo como música incidental: un estudio comparativo sobre la ópera de la Escuela de Viena y el cine de la segunda mitad del Siglo XX [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195694