Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoJBFC_DISSERT.pdf: 4968156 bytes, checksum: 1552078bbabf9200e90e9a2e93780139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Natural ventilation is an efficient bioclimatic strategy, one that provides thermal comfort, healthful and cooling to the edification. However, the disregard for quality environment, the uncertainties involved in the phenomenon and the popularization of artificial climate systems are held as an excuse for those who neglect the benefits of passive cooling. The unfamiliarity with the concept may be lessened if ventilation is observed in every step of the project, especially in the initial phase in which decisions bear a great impact in the construction process. The tools available in order to quantify the impact of projected decisions consist basically of the renovation rate calculations or computer simulations of fluids, commonly dubbed CFD, which stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics , both somewhat apart from the project s execution and unable to adapt for use in parametric studies. Thus, we chose to verify, through computer simulation, the representativeness of the results with a method of simplified air reconditioning rate calculation, as well as making it more compatible with the questions relevant to the first phases of the project s process. The case object consists of a model resulting from the recommendations of the C?digo de Obras de Natal/ RN, customized according to the NBR 15220. The study has shown the complexity in aggregating a CFD tool to the process and the need for a method capable of generating data at the compatible rate to the flow of ideas and are discarded during the project s development. At the end of our study, we discuss the necessary concessions for the realization of simulations, the applicability and the limitations of both the tools used and the method adopted, as well as the representativeness of the results obtained / A ventila??o natural ? uma estrat?gia bioclim?tica eficaz na promo??o do conforto t?rmico, da salubridade e no arrefecimento da massa edificada. Contudo, a despreocupa??o com a qualidade ambiental, as incertezas envolvidas no fen?meno e a populariza??o dos sistemas artificiais de climatiza??o costumam servir de argumento para os que negligenciam os benef?cios do condicionamento passivo. As incertezas podem ser reduzidas quando a ventila??o ? contemplada em todas as etapas de processo projetual, principalmente nas fases iniciais, na qual as decis?es t?m grande impacto no desempenho da edifica??o. As ferramentas dispon?veis para quantificar o impacto das decis?es projetuais consistem basicamente no c?lculo da taxa de renova??o ou na simula??o computacional de fluidos, comumente denominada CFD, sigla em ingl?s para din?mica computacional de fluidos , ambas com algum distanciamento da pr?tica do projeto e carentes de adapta??o para que possam ser utilizadas em estudos param?tricos. Assim, optou-se por verificar, atrav?s da simula??o computacional, a representatividade dos resultados obtidos com o m?todo de c?lculo simplificado da taxa de renova??o do ar, bem como torn?-lo mais compat?vel com as quest?es pertinentes ?s primeiras fases do processo projetual. O objeto de estudo consiste em um modelo resultante das recomenda??es do C?digo de Obras de Natal/ RN, cujas aberturas foram dimensionadas de acordo com a NBR 15220. A pesquisa mostrou a complexidade em agregar uma ferramenta CFD ao processo e a necessidade de um m?todo capaz de gerar dados na mesma velocidade com que as id?ias surgem e s?o descartadas durante o desenvolvimento do projeto. Ao final discute-se as concess?es necess?rias para a realiza??o das simula??es, a aplicabilidade e as limita??es tanto das ferramentas utilizadas quanto do m?todo adotado e a representatividade dos resultados obtidos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaVAA_DISSERT.pdf: 2142966 bytes, checksum: f27e228632d91fbeefdb35962decdcfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The building envelope is the principal mean of interaction between indoors and environment, with direct influence on thermal and energy performance of the building. By intervening in the envelope, with the proposal of specific architectural elements, it is possible to promote the use of passive strategies of conditioning, such as natural ventilation. The cross ventilation is recommended by the NBR 15220-3 as the bioclimatic main strategy for the hot and humid climate of Natal/RN, offering among other benefits, the thermal comfort of occupants. The analysis tools of natural ventilation, on the other hand, cover a variety of techniques, from the simplified calculation methods to computer fluid dynamics, whose limitations are discussed in several papers, but without detailing the problems encountered. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the potential of wind catchers, envelope elements used to increase natural ventilation in the building, through CFD simplified simulation. Moreover, it seeks to quantify the limitations encountered during the analysis. For this, the procedure adopted to evaluate the elements implementation and efficiency was the CFD simulation, abbreviation for Computer Fluid Dynamics, with the software DesignBuilder CFD. It was defined a base case, where wind catchers were added with various settings, to compare them with each other and appreciate the differences in flows and air speeds encountered. Initially there has been done sensitivity tests for familiarization with the software and observe simulation patterns, mapping the settings used and simulation time for each case simulated. The results show the limitations encountered during the simulation process, as well as an overview of the efficiency and potential of wind catchers, with the increase of ventilation with the use of catchers, differences in air flow patterns and significant increase in air speeds indoors, besides changes found due to different element geometries. It is considered that the software used can help designers during preliminary analysis in the early stages of design / A envolt?ria da edifica??o consiste no principal meio de intera??o entre ambiente e exterior, com influ?ncia direta no desempenho t?rmico e energ?tico do edif?cio. Atrav?s da interven??o na envolt?ria, com a proposi??o de elementos arquitet?nicos espec?ficos, ? poss?vel promover o uso de estrat?gias passivas de condicionamento, a exemplo da ventila??o natural. A ventila??o cruzada ? recomendada pela NBR 15220-3 como principal estrat?gia bioclim?tica para o clima quente e ?mido de Natal/RN, oferecendo dentre outros benef?cios, o conforto t?rmico dos ocupantes. As ferramentas de an?lise da ventila??o natural, por sua vez, abrangem diversas t?cnicas, desde m?todos de c?lculos simplificados a simula??es computacionais de fluidos, cujas limita??es s?o discutidas em diversos trabalhos, por?m sem detalhamento dos problemas encontrados. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem objetivo de avaliar o potencial dos captadores de vento, elementos de envolt?ria aplicados para incremento da ventila??o natural na edifica??o, atrav?s de simula??o simplificada em CFD. Al?m disto, busca quantificar as limita??es encontradas durante as an?lises. Para tanto, o procedimento adotado para avaliar a aplica??o e efici?ncia dos elementos foi a simula??o computacional em CFD, sigla em ingl?s para Computer Fluid Dynamics, no software DesignBuilder CFD. Foi definido um caso base, onde se acrescentaram captadores de vento com diversas configura??es, para compar?-los entre si e avaliar as diferen?as no fluxo e velocidades do ar encontradas. Inicialmente deu-se prosseguimento a testes de sensibilidade para familiariza??o com o software e observar padr?es de simula??o, com mapeamento das configura??es utilizadas e tempo de simula??o de cada caso simulado. Os resultados mostram as limita??es encontradas durante o processo de simula??o, assim como um panorama da efici?ncia e do potencial dos captadores de vento, com o incremento da ventila??o com a utiliza??o dos captadores, diferen?as nos padr?es de fluxo de ar e aumento consider?vel das velocidades do ar no interior do ambiente, al?m de altera??es encontradas em fun??o das diferentes geometrias do elemento. Considera-se que o software utilizado pode auxiliar projetistas durante an?lises preliminares em fases iniciais do projeto

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PettersonMD_DISSERT_CAPA_A_CAP 5.pdf: 5028919 bytes, checksum: f9b57610ba8a72ded1c66182f206125f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / The urban growth without the prior infrastructure has caused many environmental impacts such as the damage to quality of the water resources in the cities. Along with natural scarcity in some regions, this is one of the factors that limit the availability of drinking water. As a result, the conservation of drinking water is becoming one of the major concerns in sustainable architectural projects. Within this context, this dissertation proposes to develop the design of an educational building focusing on water consumption rationalization. The proposed project is located in UFRN Campus at Currais Novos, an area of warm and dry climate and low rainfall. The proposal seeks to integrate ways to reduce water consumption o to architecture, in order to exploit the advantages and savings. After quantifying the benefits achieved, it was concluded that it is possible to reduce significantly the drinking water consumption in educational buildings in universities using three principles: reduction the water consumption at the point of use, replacement of the water source and internal recycling. Calculations and simulations indicated that the proposed building may have water consumption up to 56% lower than if it would be provided by conventional facilities. Rationalization of water consumption brings direct and indirect benefits, with influences on the environmental, social and economic fields / O crescimento urbano sem a infraestrutura pr?via tem provocado diversos impactos ambientais, como o comprometimento da qualidade das reservas h?dricas nas cidades. Juntamente com a escassez natural em certas regi?es, este ? um dos fatores que limitam a disponibilidade de ?gua para consumo. Em fun??o disso, a conserva??o da ?gua pot?vel vem se tornando uma das principais preocupa??es nos projetos arquitet?nicos sustent?veis. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho se prop?e a desenvolver um projeto de arquitetura para um edif?cio de ensino superior com foco na racionaliza??o do consumo de ?gua. O projeto proposto situa-se no campus da UFRN no munic?pio de Currais Novos, ?rea de clima quente e seco e de baixa pluviometria. A proposta busca integrar medidas de redu??o do consumo de ?gua ? arquitetura, com a finalidade de explorar quais as vantagens trazidas e a economia alcan?ada. Ap?s a quantifica??o de benef?cios das medidas adotadas, constatouse que ? poss?vel reduzir significantemente o consumo de ?gua pot?vel nos edif?cios educacionais em universidades utilizando-se tr?s princ?pios: redu??o do consumo de ?gua no ponto de utiliza??o, substitui??o da fonte de ?gua e reciclagem interna. Os c?lculos e simula??es realizadas indicaram que a edifica??o proposta pode ter um consumo at? 56% menor do que se fosse provida por instala??es hidrossanit?rias convencionais. A racionaliza??o do consumo de ?gua traz benef?cios diretos e indiretos, com desdobramentos no campo ambiental, social e econ?mico

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianoSVL_capa_ate_secao4.pdf: 2920544 bytes, checksum: 1be7339037691ce93eaf62558becf297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-15 / The present work concerns the use of shade elements as architectural elements to block sunlight in public buildings. In a city like Natal, (5o South) the incidence of sunrays in any type of design should be a constant concern for all the architects. Besides, this habit of avoiding insolation in the environment is not a common practice. Within this context, the present work has the objective to dig deep into the knowledge of solar control, studying some cases and verifying its function according to the orientation and the original design of the building, having in mind if the shade elements usually used in the region have achieved their purpose of providing protection against the incidence of direct sun rays. This study considers the position of the shade element (horizontal and vertical), the angle formed between them and the respective facades, and the local of the buildings in relation to their orientation during the summer, winter and equinox solstice. As supporting instruments the solar map of the city and the protractor, for measuring shade angles, were used. It was concluded that in all the cases studied, it was not possible to obtain the maximum use of the elements. It was verified that the best type of shade element (more efficient) for the city of Natal is the mixed type (horizontal and vertical) and that the vertical shade elements are more efficient in the early mornings and late afternoon. The horizontal shade elements are used more effective at midday. We intend to present the results of this study to the architects in the region in order to show them the correct ways of using the shade elements according to the possible orientation on the facade, as a supporting tool at the time of designing a project as well as a subsidy for further discussions on the elaboration of the new urban standards for the city of Natal/RN / O presente trabalho apresenta o uso de elementos arquitet?nicos como forma de prote??o aos raios solares em edif?cios p?blicos. Em uma cidade como Natal (5? sul), a incid?ncia dos raios solares em qualquer tipo de projeto deveria ser uma preocupa??o constante para todos os arquitetos. Entretanto, o h?bito de proteger a edifica??o da insola??o n?o ? uma pr?tica comum. Dentro deste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo se aprofundar no conhecimento do controle solar, estudando alguns casos e verificando sua funcionalidade de acordo com a orienta??o e seu desenho original, tendo em mente que os elementos de sombra geralmente usados na regi?o t?m o prop?sito de dar prote??o contra a incid?ncia direta aos raios solares. Este estudo considera a posi??o do protetor solar (horizontal e vertical), o ?ngulo formado entre eles e as respectivas fachadas, al?m do local da edifica??o em rela??o a sua orienta??o durante os solst?cios de ver?o e inverno e equin?cio. Como instrumento de apoio foram utilizadas as cartas solares para a cidade e o transferidor de ?ngulo de sombra. Conclui-se que em todos os casos estudados, n?o foi poss?vel obter m?ximo proveito destes elementos. Foi verificado que o melhor protetor solar (mais eficiente) para a cidade do Natal ? o do tipo misto (horizontal e vertical) e que os elementos verticais s?o mais eficientes no come?o da manh? e final da tarde. Os elementos horizontais s?o mais eficientes pr?ximos ao meio-dia. Pretende-se apresentar os resultados deste estudo aos arquitetos da cidade para indicar as formas corretas de uso de elementos de prote??o ao sol, de acordo com a possibilidade da orienta??o da fachada, como ferramenta de aux?lio ao projeto, como tamb?m, que esta pesquisa possa servir de subs?dio para futuras discuss?es na elabora??o do novo c?digo de obras para a cidade de Natal/RN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaALM.pdf: 4328566 bytes, checksum: c105cef6a772fbbe89b6e271fac1f532 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-13 / A conceptual discussion on architectural type and its role in theory and practice supports the construction of an analytical tool used for recognizing the typological evolution of hospital architecture in Western societies. The same tool is applied to analyze the typological evolution of hospital architecture in Natal, Brazil, through a sample of eighteen hospitals built in the city since the beginnings of 20th century. The conclusion is that typological evolution in Natal is almost the same as occidental one, except for a few singularities that can be explained by local social and economic development / Com base em uma discuss?o em torno do conceito de tipo e de seu papel na pr?tica e na teoria da arquitetura, elabora-se um instrumental anal?tico com vistas a reconhecer a evolu??o tipol?gica da arquitetura hospitalar ocidental. Verifica-se ent?o como essa evolu??o tipol?gica se reflete nos edif?cios hospitalares em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, usando-se para tanto um conjunto de 18 dos 29 hospitais implantados na cidade ao longo do s?culo XX. Conclui-se que o itiner?rio tipol?gico da arquitetura hospitalar de Natal repete o ocidental, a menos de singularidades explicadas pelas caracter?sticas do desenvolvimento social e econ?mico da cidade

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-10-23T12:19:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaClaudiaGondimFilgueira_DISSERT.pdf: 9152621 bytes, checksum: 464a00233895081dcff3bcce04739bb2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-10-23T12:32:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaClaudiaGondimFilgueira_DISSERT.pdf: 9152621 bytes, checksum: 464a00233895081dcff3bcce04739bb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-23T12:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaClaudiaGondimFilgueira_DISSERT.pdf: 9152621 bytes, checksum: 464a00233895081dcff3bcce04739bb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / Ao longo dos ?ltimos anos, devido ao processo de expans?o de suas atividades, o Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), apresentou a necessidade da contrata??o de servidores para a Institui??o. Esse processo de expans?o do IFRN, pol?tica do Governo Federal, juntamente com o aumento de recursos humanos, demandou a constru??o de um local adequado no munic?pio de S?o Gon?alo do Amarante-RN, para o treinamento e qualifica??o e como forma de capacita??o de seus servidores. Paralelamente a isso, ? grande a preocupa??o demonstrada pelo Governo Federal no sentido de que suas obras sejam sustent?veis. Este trabalho trata dessa quest?o, ao desenvolver a concep??o arquitet?nica de um pr?dio p?blico com ?nfase na redu??o do consumo energ?tico, atrav?s do estudo dos fatores de desempenho energ?tico tais quais definidos por Carneiro (1988) e adaptados por esta autora. Sabe-se que as edifica??es residenciais, comerciais e p?blicas representam hoje cerca de 45% do consumo energ?tico no Brasil. Diante disso, h? que se considerar a redu??o desse consumo na edifica??o, e o papel dos profissionais, especialmente arquitetos, nessa quest?o. A participa??o mais efetiva nesse sentido no campo da arquitetura acontece na fase de projeta??o. Contudo, a solu??o arquitet?nica aqui proposta vai al?m dos fatores de desempenho citados, uma vez que envolve outras quest?es, como a defini??o do conceito, do partido arquitet?nico e a solu??o espacial propriamente dita. Nesse sentido, o projeto do Centro de Treinamento dos Servidores do IFRN (CTSIFRN), se torna particularmente adequado como objeto de estudo no Mestrado Profissional do PPGAU/UFRN, que se prop?e a produzir pesquisas direcionadas ? arquitetura, ao projeto e ao meio ambiente. / In recent years, as part of the expansion process of its activities, the Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte ? IFRN (Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology of the State of Rio Grande do Norte ? IFRN) detected the need to hire more employees for the institution. This expansion process, a policy of the Federal Government, together with the increase of human resources, required the construction of an adequate facility in the municipality of S?o Gon?alo do Amarante-RN, for training and qualification and as a means of better enabling its personnel. Along with this policy, the Federal Government is also deeply concerned that its buildings be environmentally friendly. This study deals with this subject matter, as it develops an architectural design of a public building with an emphasis upon the reduction of energy consumption, through the study of energy performance factors such as defined by Carneiro (1988) and adapted by the author of the present study. It is known that residential, commercial and public buildings represent about 45 % of energy consumption in Brazil. That is why it is necessary to consider the reduction of such consumption in buildings, as well as the role that professionals, especially architects, play in this issue. The most effective participation in this regard in the field of architecture occurs in the design phase. However, the architectural solution proposed here goes beyond the energy performance factors, since it also involves other aspects, such as the definition of the concept, the parti and the spatial solution itself. In this sense, the architectural project of the Centro de Treinamento dos Servidores do IFRN - CTSIFRN (Training Center for IFRN Personnel ? CTSFIRN) is particularly fitting as a subject for research at the Professional Master Program at PPGAU/UFRN, which is devoted to research on architecture, design and the environment.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-03T18:24:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaLimaOliveiraMontenegro_DISSERT.pdf: 11108423 bytes, checksum: a449825c90e73cff028d58aa8b7c8a24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-04T22:03:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaLimaOliveiraMontenegro_DISSERT.pdf: 11108423 bytes, checksum: a449825c90e73cff028d58aa8b7c8a24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T22:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaLimaOliveiraMontenegro_DISSERT.pdf: 11108423 bytes, checksum: a449825c90e73cff028d58aa8b7c8a24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os par?metros de seguran?a contra inc?ndio no Brasil s?o guiados por uma normaliza??o prescritiva na qual os arquitetos baseiam seus projetos, visando o cumprimento da mesma para posterior aprova??o dos ?rg?os fiscalizadores. Esses profissionais, muitas vezes, deixam de considerar as particularidades de cada edifica??o e de verificar se os requisitos normativos s?o, de fato, eficazes para prevenir e proteger o edif?cio e seus usu?rios contra uma situa??o de inc?ndio. A legisla??o necessita estar em constante revis?o e atualiza??o. Em vista ? essa afirma??o, o objetivo principal deste trabalho ? identificar e analisar poss?veis lacunas nas prescri??es normativas sobre evacua??o de inc?ndio por meio de edifica??es universit?rias, visando contribuir para projetos mais eficazes. A quest?o problema a ser respondida ao final da pesquisa ? se existem diverg?ncias e conflu?ncias de solu??es entre as normas prescritivas sobre evacua??o de emerg?ncia utilizadas no Rio Grande do Norte, quando comparadas aos resultados obtidos por meio de simula??es computacionais. Para tanto, realizou-se, inicialmente, uma coleta de informa??es a partir de pesquisas bibliogr?ficas e documentais a respeito do tema, do qual conceitos e informa??es pertinentes foram explicitados. Posteriormente, com base em crit?rios estabelecidos, foram realizadas simula??es computacionais para avaliar o desempenho das sa?das de emerg?ncia nas edifica??es adaptadas ?s prescri??es. Essas simula??es foram executadas por meio de dois softwares: o PATHFINDER? (2014), relacionado ao tempo de escape e ? movimenta??o das pessoas durante a fuga; e o DEPTHMAP? (2004), de acordo com a Teoria da Sintaxe Espacial (SE), que diz respeito ao estudo da configura??o espacial e da sua rela??o com o movimento dos usu?rios e o posicionamento das sa?das de emerg?ncia nas edifica??es. Com os resultados das an?lises, ao final do desenvolvimento do trabalho, foi poss?vel constatar a presen?a das diverg?ncias e conflu?ncias citadas na quest?o de pesquisa; discutir o proposto pelas prescri??es normativas vigentes, dar indica??es de melhoria ?s mesmas, assim como destacar seus pontos eficazes; e constatar a utilidade dos programas computacionais escolhidos. Espera-se que o trabalho realizado contribua com pesquisas futuras que tratem dos temas abordados ou que visem aprofundar o estudo aqui iniciado. / The fire safety parameters in Brazil are driven by prescriptive standards, which function as a basis for architects, whose design aim to the enforcement of such for a subsequent approval from the inspection authorities. The legislation needs to be in a constant review and evaluation. From this statement, the main goal of this work is to identify, in university building projects, potential gaps in the normative prescriptions about fire evacuation which raise intervention and correction proposals to their better effectiveness. The question to be answered at the end of the research is that there are differences and confluences solutions between prescriptive rules on emergency evacuation used in Rio Grande do Norte, when compared to the results obtained through computer simulations. For such, a gathering of information was initially held through a research in literature and documents concerning the matter. Later, based on established criteria, computer simulations were carried out to analyze the normative prescriptions applied to the chosen buildings. The simulations were performed by two software: PATHFINDER? (2014), related to the escape time and to the movement of the people while on the run; and DEPTHMAP? (2004), concerned the study of the spatial setting and its relation to the movement of the users in the buildings, according to the Space Syntax Theory (SS). From the analyzes results, prescriptive codes gaps were identified, such as regarding the design of the stairs, the maximum number of occupants and the maximum distance to safety; and effective points, as the need of enclosed stairs to decrease the maximum exhaust time. With the findings, gave subsidies to discuss the existing parameters and others that are not yet covered by SCI regulations, and the studied buildings design solutions. It is expected that the work will contribute to future research that deals the addressed issues or aimed at further the study here started.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T22:13:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GiulianoOrsiMarquesDeCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 30193744 bytes, checksum: cd8fa4f527d92ca7511d46b5d7007ad0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-19T20:08:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GiulianoOrsiMarquesDeCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 30193744 bytes, checksum: cd8fa4f527d92ca7511d46b5d7007ad0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T20:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GiulianoOrsiMarquesDeCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 30193744 bytes, checksum: cd8fa4f527d92ca7511d46b5d7007ad0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Essa tese investiga elementos que possam subsidiar o ensino de projeto nos primeiros semestres do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (AU), entendendo o conhecimento pr?vio do alunado iniciante como potencial ponto de partida para o processo educativo nesse campo. Com base na problematiza??o de quest?es ligadas ao ensino em geral e ao ensino de AU em particular, pergunta-se: Como os conhecimentos pr?vios dos estudantes iniciantes (EIs), adquiridos por meio de suas experi?ncias (espaciais, principalmente), s?o trabalhados nas disciplinas iniciais do curso? Quais os enfoques mais apropriados para realizar essas leituras? Como o ensino de projeto pode tirar proveito dessas informa??es e incorpora-las ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem na ?rea? Dada a amplitude destas quest?es, assumimos o car?ter explorat?rio do estudo realizado, tomando como hip?teses de trabalho que: (i) os desenhos e textos produzidos pelo EI em AU refletem sua experi?ncia anterior, notadamente seu lugar de proced?ncia/viv?ncia cotidiana, e permitem investigar as singularidades de grupos/turmas; (ii) atualmente as ementas de disciplinas introdut?rias de projeto pouco contemplam tais singularidades; (iii) compreender as caracter?sticas/diversidade dos grupos/turmas a partir do conhecimento dos EIs pode funcionar como elemento did?tico para a forma??o na ?rea de AU. Portanto, o objetivo principal desta tese ? dar subs?dios para a constru??o de diretrizes para disciplinas de introdu??o ao ensino de projeto de arquitetura em cursos de AU. S?o objetivos espec?ficos: (i) entender como o estudo do conhecimento precedente dos EIs se insere nas ementas das disciplinas iniciais de projeto de cursos de AU brasileiros; (ii) compreender os olhares dos docentes de disciplinas iniciais de projeta??o sobre esse conhecimento; e (iii) investigar, a partir de an?lise de turmas iniciais de tr?s escolas brasileiras e uma portuguesa, poss?veis singularidades acerca dos conhecimentos pr?vios de EIs, por meio da compreens?o de sua origem, ambientes de viv?ncia, repert?rio e prefer?ncias arquitet?nicas. Al?m da revis?o bibliogr?fica nos campos do ensino de AU, da pedagogia e disciplinas suplementares, como psicologia ambiental, filosofia, sociologia e hist?ria, a tese se apoia na realiza??o de dois estudos emp?ricos aut?nomos. O primeiro investigou 54 cursos p?blicos de AU brasileiros a fim de identificar o tipo de conte?do trabalhado nas disciplinas de car?ter introdut?rio, as qualifica??es/perfis e opini?es dos docentes sobre o background dos EIs e a utiliza??o did?tica dessas informa??es. O segundo assumiu o formato de estudode- casos-m?ltiplos que investigou desenhos e textos elaborados pelos EIs em atelier, e foi realizado em quatro diferentes escolas de arquitetura: da Universidade de Lisboa (UL) e das Universidades Federais do Tocantins (UFT), do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) e de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Os resultados obtidos comprovam parcialmente as hip?teses e d?o subs?dios iniciais para a constru??o de diretrizes pedag?gicas direcionadas ? promo??o da rela??o dial?gica entre o repert?rio trazido pelos alunos iniciantes e os conhecimentos que eles precisam dominar no come?o do curso de AU. / This thesis researches elements which can subsidize the teaching of design in the first semesters of Architecture and Urbanism (AU) course taking students? previous knowledge into account and it is understood as starting potential point to education process at this field front to the importance of encouraging background extension from beginner students (BS). Based upon this premise, from questions linked to general teaching and to teaching of AU in particular, there are the following questions: How students? previous knowledge, acquired throughout their own experiences (meanly spatial), are managed from initial subjects course? What are the most appropriate focuses to do these readings? How can the design teaching takes advantage from these information and incorporates them into the teaching-learning process? According to the extension of these questions, we assume that the exploratory way of this study, taking as work hypothesis that: (i) it is possible to investigate the existing singularities into groups of BS in AU, and they can be seen, meanly, by their perception from their places of living and their drafts/ texts done during this thesis; (ii) the design introductory subjects content nowadays do not behold (or behold just a little) such singularities; (iii) the contact to all this information can favor an adequate approach among students and professors. This way, our main goal is to subsidy the creation of guidelines of introductory subjects to design teaching of architecture at AU courses. As specifics goals: (i) to comprehend how the studying of BS previous knowledge insert themselves into the guidelines of introductory design subjects at Brazilian AU courses; (ii) to comprehend the professors point of view regarding to introductory design subjects; and (iii) to investigate BS previous knowledge from AU courses throughout the comprehension of their origin, living places, repertory and architectural preferences. In this context, this thesis methodologically supports itself into bibliographical review in the field of AU teaching, pedagogy and supplementary subjects such as environmental psychology, philosophy, sociology and history. Two autonomous studying were empirically done. The first one investigated 54 Brazilian AU public courses in order to identify relations among introductory design subjects, the qualification and profile of the professors and their opinion about BS background and the way to consider students? knowledge into subjects of design initiation. The second one assumed the format of a multiple case study and it was done with BS from four different AU courses, in which the understanding about their living places and some products (drafts and texts) were taken in four different architecture schools: University of Lisbon (UL), Tocantins Federal University (UFT), Rio Grande do Norte Federal University (UFRN) and Juiz de Fora Federal University (UFJF). The data collected show partially the hypotheses and give initial subsidies to the construction of pedagogical guidelines towards to promote a dialogue relation between the repertoire brought by beginner students and the knowledgment students need to master at the beginning of AU course.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Murilha-1.pdf: 14097136 bytes, checksum: de6509aa6792a81ed834e6fa52dc439d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / This research aims to study the theories and concepts hygienists present on the body of doctors and engineers, from the early nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century, checking the impact thereof on the construction of public buildings - markets and slaughterhouses . We also intend to investigate an analytical perspective that focuses on the constructive-typological conceptions of slaughterhouses and public markets of these cities, which are the objects of investigation of research both in Europe and Brazil. From the second half of the nineteenth century, the construction of slaughterhouses and markets began to be administered by the municipalities of S?o Paulo Province. These buildings were linked to food production and movement of goods. Generally, they were built in locations away from the urban center at the time, so as to cater to the principles hygienists. The epidemics that afflict European cities in Brazil were also concerned with the arrival of cholera by ship from Europe in the 1850s and led the Imperial Government passed obliging local councils to adopt their positions on health determinations, provided the imperial legislation of 1828, which are based on the theory that hygienist largely attributed to the "poison" in this environment the cause of several epidemics. Since then, the political hygienist who largely had their bases in the miasma theory, began to explain the control of government in the marketing of foodstuffs in the cities. Municipalities are now responsible for the construction and administration of abattoirs and markets, which, thereafter, they became public, no longer private. Many of these buildings built in cities in the interior have been demolished, and the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Campinas, designed by renowned architect-engineer Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. The slaughterhouse of Vila Mariana in Sao Paulo with Alberto Kuhlmann design, opened in 1887, was preserved and is now a cultural center. Still, it was preserved in Sao Paulo Municipal Market of Santo Amaro, opened in 1897, built in brick masonry, where it supplies the capital of timber, grain and other goods produced in the region or received from nearby cities like Itapecerica and Embu. Indeed, part of this heritage today tumbled by CONDEPHAAT Sao Paulo is linked to the production office of architect-engineer Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. This is the case Paulistano Municipal Market, opened in 1933, built in neoclassical style. Another example is the Municipal Market of Campinas, opened in 1908, also designed by Ramos de Azevedo, and this style neomourisco. This paper presents a set of case studies of public markets and slaughterhouses still exist in some cities in the interior, which are of significant historical value and still unprotected by the municipal bodies. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo das teorias e as concep??es higienistas presentes junto ao corpo de m?dicos e engenheiros, a partir do in?cio do s?culo XIX at? meados do s?culo XX, verificando a repercuss?o das mesmas na constru??o de edif?cios p?blicos mercados e matadouros. Pretende-se tamb?m investigar uma perspectiva de an?lise que foca as concep??es tipol?gicas-construtivas dos matadouros e mercados p?blicos destas cidades, sendo estes os objetos de investiga??o da pesquisa, tanto na Europa como no Brasil. A partir da segunda metade do s?culo XIX, a constru??o de matadouros e mercados passaram a ser administrados pelas municipalidades da Prov?ncia Paulista. Estes edif?cios estavam ligados ? produ??o aliment?cia e a circula??o das mercadorias. Geralmente, os mesmos foram constru?dos em locais afastados do centro urbano na ?poca, para assim, atenderem aos princ?pios higienistas. Os surtos epid?micos que acometiam as cidades europ?ias tamb?m se manifestaram no Brasil com a chegada da c?lera atrav?s de navios vindos da Europa na d?cada de 1850 e fez com que o Governo Imperial passasse a obrigar as c?maras municipais a adotarem em suas posturas determina??es sanit?rias, previstas na legisla??o imperial de 1828, sendo estas fundamentadas na teoria higienista que em grande parte atribu?a ao veneno presente no ambiente a causa das diversas epidemias. A partir de ent?o, as pol?ticas higienistas que em grande parte possu?am na teoria miasm?tica suas bases, passaram a explicar o controle das administra??es p?blicas na comercializa??o dos g?neros aliment?cios nas cidades. As C?maras Municipais passam a ser as respons?veis pela constru??o e administra??o dos matadouros e mercados, da qual, a partir da?, os mesmos passaram a ser p?blicos, n?o mais particulares. Muitos destes edif?cios constru?dos em cidades do interior paulista j? foram demolidos, como o Matadouro Municipal de Campinas, projetado pelo renomado arquiteto-engenheiro Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. O Matadouro da Vila Mariana em S?o Paulo com projeto de Alberto Kuhlmann, inaugurado em 1887, foi preservado e ? hoje um centro cultural. Ainda, em S?o Paulo foi preservado o Mercado Municipal de Santo Amaro, inaugurado em 1897, constru?do em alvenaria de tijolos, onde este abastecia a capital de madeiras, cereais e outras mercadorias produzidas na regi?o ou recebidas de cidades pr?ximas, como Itapecerica e Embu. Na verdade, parte deste patrim?nio hoje tombado pelo CONDEPHAAT de S?o Paulo est? vinculada ? produ??o do escrit?rio do arquiteto-engenheiro Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo. ? o caso do Mercado Municipal Paulistano, inaugurado em 1933, constru?do no estilo neocl?ssico. Outro exemplo ? o Mercado Municipal de Campinas, inaugurado em 1908, tamb?m projetado por Ramos de Azevedo, sendo este em estilo neomourisco. O presente trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estudos de caso de matadouros e mercados p?blicos ainda presentes em algumas cidades do interior paulista, sendo estes de significativo valor hist?rico e ainda desprotegidos pelos ?rg?os municipais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaFB.pdf: 2544227 bytes, checksum: 4cce3a28f179a98110bbf0f2fcdab478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Brazilian Housing policy has always promoted homeownership. In 1999, a new form of housing promotion was set up in the country with the PAR (Programa de Arrendamento Residencial, or residential rental programme). This is a sort of leasing, in which a right to buy is granted at the end of contract. Again, with this, the final objective is homeownership. This dissertation aims at further understanding the role of PAR in the wake of the country s housing policies of the post-BNH period, analysing the case of Jo?o Pessoa, capital city of Para?ba state. By focusing in the city, it has been possible to analyse also the impact of the programme in the dynamics of the city s urban development. Accordingly, the analysis of PAR seeks to understand the programme s operational aspects as well as its location, urban and architectural aspects. The operational aspects refer to how the programme is operated, considering the differences to the other housing programmes in the country. The urban and architectural aspects refer to location, typology and construction characteristics of housing estates produced under the scheme. This study gives a general view of the country s recent housing policy and programmes and the specific characteristics of PAR, observing also its impacts in the city development / A pol?tica habitacional brasileira caracteriza-se pela dissemina??o da ideologia da casa pr?pria. Em 1999, foi criada uma forma diferente de acesso ? moradia no pa?s, atrav?s do Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR), que ? um arrendamento mercantil, ou leasing; no entanto, o novo programa continuou difundindo a ideologia da casa pr?pria, j? que, no final do contrato, ? dada ao arrendat?rio a op??o de compra. Este trabalho visa a compreender o papel do PAR no cen?rio das pol?ticas habitacionais, no per?odo p?s-BNH, por interm?dio de um estudo de caso na cidade de Jo?o Pessoa-PB. A partir da delimita??o da ?rea, foi poss?vel tamb?m estudar o programa em rela??o ? din?mica do crescimento urbano. Al?m disso, a an?lise do PAR foi dividida em duas vertentes anal?ticas: a primeira trata dos aspectos operacionais do programa; a outra ? voltada para os aspectos locacionais e arquitet?nicos das habita??es. Os aspectos operacionais se referem ? forma de funcionamento, considerando-se os elementos do PAR que o diferenciam dos demais programas de habita??o do pa?s. Os aspectos locacionais e arquitet?nicos se referem, respectivamente, ? localiza??o dos conjuntos no espa?o urbano e aos aspectos tipol?gicos e construtivos das moradias financiadas. Assim, torna-se poss?vel tra?ar o panorama da produ??o de conjuntos habitacionais e as caracter?sticas da produ??o promovida pelo PAR, observando-se suas especificidades e seus impactos na cidade