Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T10:50:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6423_2011_RUBIA_POLGLIANE.pdf: 3930367 bytes, checksum: 56b186ddcfda35ed6bcadf4b36b0d8c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-10 / A avaliação do processo da assistência pré-natal assume relevância no sentido de contribuir para com as ações de redução das taxas de morbimortalidade materna e infantil. Objetivos: Verificar a concordância entre os dados registrados no cartão da gestante e no prontuário da Atenção Básica sobre a assistência pré-natal no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do município de Vitória, Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil; avaliar a adequação da assistência pré-natal no município segundo os critérios estabelecidos pelo Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento (PHPN) e pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) por meio dos dados registrados nos cartões das gestantes. Metodologia: Entrevistou-se 360 puérperas nas três principais maternidades públicas do município de Vitória-ES, por ocasião do parto, no período de abril de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011. Além da entrevista, realizou-se cópia integral do cartão da gestante e do prontuário médico. As informações sobre a assistência pré-natal, das respectivas mulheres, registradas nos prontuários da atenção básica foram coletadas no período de janeiro a junho de 2012. Os dados foram processados e analisados nos programas SPSS versão 18.0, PEPI versão 4.0 e Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Testes estatísticos de Kappa, Kappa ajustado pela prevalência e McNemar foram aplicados para a verificação da concordância e da tendência de discordância. Além disso, cálculos das frequências absoluta e relativa e intervalos de confiança foram executados para analisar os parâmetros de adequação do processo da assistência pré-natal. Resultados: A concordância entre os registros dos cartões das gestantes e prontuários da atenção básica é, em sua maioria, ruim (Kappa<0,20). Nenhuma puérpera teve um processo de assistência pré-natal totalmente adequado segundo os critérios da OMS, enquanto apenas 5% das puérperas realizaram o pré-natal em consonância ao PHPN. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que em estudos de avaliação ou monitoramento o cartão da gestante deve ser utilizado como fonte prioritária. A adequação do processo da assistência pré-natal no município está distante do preconizado pelos critérios nacionais e internacionais. Nesse sentido, estratégias devem ser adotadas para garantir a realização dos procedimentos mínimos preconizados e para estabelecer um padrão sistematizado de registro das informações nos prontuários da atenção básica.

<p>This essay seeks to explore the societal institution of caste from a socio-spatial perspective. The focus is on everyday routine of individuals and on the places this routine is connected with. A special interest is the access that different people have to different places. For this purpose, information has been collected from interviews and observations with women of different caste belonging in the area of Assi, Varanasi, India. A time-geographical approach has been used. It is argued that caste, which is a social concept, and space, which is a geographical dimension, are related to each other in a socio-spatial dialectic. The conclusion is that not all castes do have access to the same kinds of places, i.e. some religious or public spaces. Although caste is not the only factor that influences, it still has a major impact on people’s actions and feelings of belonging.</p>

This essay seeks to explore the societal institution of caste from a socio-spatial perspective. The focus is on everyday routine of individuals and on the places this routine is connected with. A special interest is the access that different people have to different places. For this purpose, information has been collected from interviews and observations with women of different caste belonging in the area of Assi, Varanasi, India. A time-geographical approach has been used. It is argued that caste, which is a social concept, and space, which is a geographical dimension, are related to each other in a socio-spatial dialectic. The conclusion is that not all castes do have access to the same kinds of places, i.e. some religious or public spaces. Although caste is not the only factor that influences, it still has a major impact on people’s actions and feelings of belonging.

This study is a qualitative study on the participants on the Ganga Arti. It does focus on the participants on how they attend, how they express their religious belief and why the ritual is important for them. The study has been done in Varanasi, India, on a period of three months. Also the study has been done on the two ghats Tulsi and Assi. It tries to explain how the ritual can be understand both thru the participants eyes and thru theory. That has been done with both interviews and participant observations. Thru the study it has shown how complex the ritual and ghat is for participants and the society. The study have shown how fieldwork can be done and which considerations can be done. It has also shown that people in Varanasi participant the ganga arti in different ways, the religious beliefs can be different and also how they show it.

The study investigates and evaluates chemical parameters in handpumped water along Assi, a tributary to Ganga, south of Varanasi, northern India. Assi is polluted from raw sewage, landfill runoff and outlets from industries. To find out if the stream affects the groundwater in its basin, regression analysis of the easily moving ions, nitrite, nitrate and chloride were done during spring and autumn 2008. Significant trends were found for nitrate, most of them in the after monsoon period. No other chemical parameter gave significant trends. Metals as manganese and hexavalent chromium was measured in the spring period. Levels were higher closer to the stream. Significant trends when tested with regression analyses could not be found and the hexavalent chromium do not exceed guideline values in the handpumps measured. Interviews made clear that one quarter of the users of handpumped water have bad water quality during the monsoon period. The mean value of TDS in these pumps were higher than for the pumps that have good water quality and exceeds 500 mg/l. The mean value for turbidity was higher than 5 NTU in these pumps and in pumped water with good quality lower than 5 NTU. High levels of turbidity did not seem to affect the experience of having a good water. Pumps with higher TDS-values shows higher risk for polluted surface runoff together with risk for a broken construction that can allow seepage into the pumped water. Assi gives a severe contribution of raw sewage to Ganga upstream the bathing area in Varanasi and the pollution in the stream seams to affect the groundwater in its basin.

<p>In his own time, the nirguna poet-saint Kabir was a controversial figure. He spoke ill of Islam and Hinduism alike, yet, in the end, both groups claimed him as their own. In this essay, various images of Kabir are discussed. Kabir as he appears in legends; Kabir as he appears in his poems; Kabir as a historical figure. But more importantly, Kabir as he is perceived as today. The image of Kabir, as it were. The question of ‘who Kabir was’ is posed to members of two groups in the city of Banaras, India — one group Muslim (Julaha), the other Hindu (Yadav).</p> / <p>Under sin egen tid var nirguna helgonpoeten Kabir, en kontroversiell figur. Han pratade illa som såväl Islam som Hinduism --- men till slut kom ändå båda grupperna att anamma honom som sin egen. I den här uppsatsen diskuteras olika bilder av Kabir. Kabir som han beskrivs i legender; Kabir som han träder fram i sina dikter; Kabir som en historisk figur. Men kanske viktigast av allt, bilden av Kabir idag. Frågan om "vem Kabir var" ställs till personer ur två grupper i staden Banaras, Indien --- en grupp Muslimer (Julaha), den andra gruppen Hinduer (Yadav).</p>

In his own time, the nirguna poet-saint Kabir was a controversial figure. He spoke ill of Islam and Hinduism alike, yet, in the end, both groups claimed him as their own. In this essay, various images of Kabir are discussed. Kabir as he appears in legends; Kabir as he appears in his poems; Kabir as a historical figure. But more importantly, Kabir as he is perceived as today. The image of Kabir, as it were. The question of ‘who Kabir was’ is posed to members of two groups in the city of Banaras, India — one group Muslim (Julaha), the other Hindu (Yadav). / Under sin egen tid var nirguna helgonpoeten Kabir, en kontroversiell figur. Han pratade illa som såväl Islam som Hinduism --- men till slut kom ändå båda grupperna att anamma honom som sin egen. I den här uppsatsen diskuteras olika bilder av Kabir. Kabir som han beskrivs i legender; Kabir som han träder fram i sina dikter; Kabir som en historisk figur. Men kanske viktigast av allt, bilden av Kabir idag. Frågan om "vem Kabir var" ställs till personer ur två grupper i staden Banaras, Indien --- en grupp Muslimer (Julaha), den andra gruppen Hinduer (Yadav).

Survey's purpose is to illustrate why and how the process happened when Piteå relocated its commercial port away from Skuthamn to the new construction on Haraholmen 1950-1973. How decision-makers worked to achieve their goals, how the work changed and what incentives motivated them to act. The results showed that the decision was taken not to retain the existing commercial port in large part due to Skuthamns physics attributes, which made it impossible to ship large deep vessels from there. The reason that the decision about the port took such a long time was due to a local political conflict which was based on interest in the ownership of Haraholmen. The reason for the location of the trading port became Haraholmen had political backgrounds. The study's methodology is qualitative and describes the events chronologically. / Undersökningens syfte är att belysa varför och hur processen gick till när Piteå flyttade sin kommersiella hamn bort från Skuthamn och byggde upp den nya internationella handelshamnen på Haraholmen 1950-1973. Hur beslutsfattarna arbetade för att nå sina mål, hur förändrades deras arbetsmetoder med tiden och vilka incitament som motiverade dem att agera. Resultaten visade att beslutet som fattades att inte behålla den befintliga kommersiella hamnen Skuthamn som Piteås handelshamn till stor del berodde på att Skuthamns fysiska attribut omöjliggjorde transporter dit med stora djupgående fartyg. Anledningen till att beslutet om hamnen tog så lång tid berodde på en lokalpolitisk konflikt som grundade sig i vilken aktör som innehade äganderätten av markområdet på Haraholmen. Anledningen till lokaliseringen av handelshamnen på Haraholmen hade sin bakgrund i statens transportpolitik. Metoden som använts är kvalitativ och beskriver händelserna kronologiskt.