Familiares de desaparecidos y detenidos por razones políticas, les Mères de la Place de Mai Ligne Fondatrice, l’Association Mères de la Place de Mai, les Grands-mères de la Place de Mai, l’Association des ex-détenus-disparus (AEDD), H.I.J.O.S et Herman@s sont sept associations de victimes de la dernière dictature en Argentine. Nés pendant et après la dictature (1976-1983), ce sont tous des collectifs de proches de détenus-disparus, à l’exception de l’AEDD qui est une association d’anciens-détenus disparus. L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser l’évolution des discours de ces associations depuis leur naissance jusqu’en 2007 à la fin du mandat du président Néstor Kirchner. Il s’agit tout d’abord de comprendre dans quelle mesure ces discours sont conditionnés par les politiques étatiques de gestion du passé dictatorial par les gouvernements argentins qui se sont succédés depuis la fin de la dictature. Par ailleurs, cette analyse permet de revenir sur les dynamiques qui s’établissent entre les associations de victimes et surtout de comprendre dans quelle mesure elles constituent un ensemble. Enfin, en nous intéressant aux termes « victime », « devoir de mémoire » et « défense des droits de l’homme » dans ces discours officiels et dans ceux des associations, nous verrons comment ils sont très liés en Argentine. / Familiares de desaparecidos y detenidos por razones políticas, the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Línea Fundadora, the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Association, the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the Association of former detained-disappeared (AEDD), H.I.J.O.S and Herman@s are seven associations of victims from the last dictatorship in Argentina. These groups of families of detained-disappeared were born during and after the dictatorship (1976-1983), except for the AEDD, a group of past-detained and disappeared people. The purpose of our study is to analyze the evolution of these associations’ discourse since they were born until 2007, President Néstor Kirchner's end of term. It first raises the question of how these discourses were influenced by the state policies established after the dictatorship regarding the dictatorial past. Besides, this analysis has allowed us to go back over the dynamics created among these associations, and especially to understand how they can be seen as a whole. The study of the word and expressions « victim », « duty of memory » and « human rights » will eventually enable to understand the importance of their links within Argentina.

v anglickém jazyce: The thesis deals with the history of nurses association in Czechoslovakia, namely, with the first association of graduate nurses existing in the country from its foundation until its termination during the WWII. The introduction focuses on the description of legal foundations and the explanation of the principle of freedom of association. The subsequent historical-theoretical section presents the issue of history of nursing and especially nursing education which significantly influenced all subsequent efforts in the area of nurses association and was closely linked with the activities of the association. A detailed description of the activities of the association and the then applicable rules regarding association in the light of known facts maps the activities of the first organized graduate nurses association using the method of document study. The thesis is based predominantly on primary and secondary sources and other available literary sources. The aim is to provide detailed information on the timeline of the existence of the association, to define the activities of its members and their credit in the foundation of professional association of nurses. The text explains and provides evidence of discrepancies found between archival materials and public documents. Keywords:...

The subject matter of the present diploma thesis is an exchange of information as an individual cartel behavior. It focuses on processes and operations that are performed within the frame of activities of trade associations. It should, first, be noted that in most cases, the exchange of information is an absolutely legal way how to make qualified and successful decisions on the transparent market. However, under particular conditions, it may represent a danger in the form of violation of competition law. Such violation can present particularly an exchange of information that removes uncertainty in market relationships and enables companies to foresee behavior of other competitors. The primary objective of this thesis is to complexly describe an attitude that evolved in the interpretation and application practice of the European Commission, or as the case may be of the European courts. On the base of theoretical findings and analysis, the thesis defines criteria that are applied when assessing exchange of information and determines the border between the legal and illegal exchange of information among competitors in the actual law of the European Union. So far as the content is concerned, the thesis is divided into five separate chapters. The first one provides a general definition of the exchange of...

The thesis is devoted to village society. The main theme of the work is the issue of annual customs and traditions, amateur sports and cultural associations and activities, their tradition and importance for the South Bohemian village Kostelní Radouň. The main aim is to map the current state of the annual customs and rituals and other collective activities. Further attention is paid to their role and function in social and cultural life of the village inhabitants. The work is divided into several chapters, with the introducory chapters is devoted to the development of interest in traditional folk culture within the study area and the changes in village society in the second half of the 20th century, which affected the annual customs and habits. The next chapter describes the atmosphere of the village and its facilities. The following chapters deal with local associations and organizations, which are the main organizers of collective entertainment. Another chapter describes the annual traditions and customs, their traditional form and the current state in the village Kostelní Radouň. Based on data collected during field research realized in the village, and the study of existing sources was found out that in the village Kostelní Radouň currently maintain several annual traditions and customs that...

Ce travail, de nature biographique, entend reconstituer le parcours militant de Jean Guiraud (1866-1953) au cours du premier XXe siècle. Personnalité éminente du monde catholique français de son époque, il s’est investi dans des activités militantes de différentes natures : politiques (il a été membre de l’Action libérale populaire de Jacques Piou, et a tenté d’organiser les modalités de l’action politique des catholiques), associatives (il est président des associations de chefs de famille entre 1910 et 1940), et éditoriales (il est rédacteur en chef de La Croix entre 1917 et 1939). Un tel parcours s’appuie sur un discours propre à l’intransigeantisme catholique et promeut des méthodes tournées vers la défense religieuse. Son étude éclaire de nombreux aspects du monde catholique français de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Nous avons tenté, en confrontant cet itinéraire individuel à l’évolution générale du monde catholique français au premier XXe siècle, de déterminer sa part d’originalité face à une tendance lourde qui se dessine alors : celle de l’acceptation croissante du fait de laïcité par les catholiques. / This work, of biographic nature, intends to reconstitute the militant route of Jean Guiraud ( 1866-1953 ) during the first XXth century. Eminent personality of the French catholic world of his time, he was deeply involved into militant activities of various forms : politics (he was member of Jacques Piou's « Action libérale populaire », and tried to organize the modes of the political action of the Catholics), associative (he was president of « associations catholiques de chefs de famille » between 1910 and 1940), and editorial (he was an editor-in-chief of La Croix between 1917 and 1939). Such a route is based on a thought that is specific to the catholic intransigentism and promotes methods supporting religious defense. His study brings a new light on numerous aspects of the French catholic world of the first half of the XXth century. We tried, by confronting this individual route with the general evolution of the French catholic world in the first XXth century, to determine its part of originality in front of a heavy trend which emerges then: the increasing acceptance of secularism by the Catholics.

The object of this master´s thesis is to investigate how the Swedish person literary society movement acts. The Swedish history contains the well-known popular movements with their 19:th century roots. Today, some of them have turned into factors of power. Does the literary society movement have the chance to take over as such en established popular movement? What is their entire aim? My hypothesis is that the person literary societies bring the literature forward through collective memory making. As a theoretical background, I studied research upon literary tourism and collective memory. Heroic worship and person adoration often have been considered naive from a scientific point of view. For my field survey, I interviewed members of societies associated with Ester Ringnér-Lundgren, Carl Johan Love Almqvist, Carl Michael Bellman, Birger Sjöberg and Per Anders Fogelström. I found out that the person literary society movement might be a factor of power in creating discourses from different aspects of their respective authors. The Bellman society aspires to change people´s opinions upon Bellman, while the other ones principally want to make their authors visible. The person literary societies exist in an intermediate position between the academic comparative literature and the biographical. Their other main tasks are publishing, socializing and being responsible for places related to their authors. Foucault´s notion heterotopia (a place between reality and utopia) is applicable to the experience of participating in a person literary society meeting, according to my investigation. The person literary societies also create and maintain les Lieux de Mémoire. According to Nora, this notion signifies turning points where history meets memory. From one of my informants, I perceived a tension between the traditional popular movement society and the computer age. The relationship towards social media and internet differs among the person literary societies in my study. A possible explanation might be the average age of thier members. The society of the youth novelist Ringnér-Lundgren measures an average age of 50, while the other ones mostly consist of people reaching their retirement age. The Fogelström society stands out in attracting immigrants and in working towards the public. Taking part in the Book and Library Fair is the most common collaboration between the societies and the ALM sector. This is a two years master´s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

We present ALMA observations of the Orion Nebula that cover the OMC1 outflow region. Our focus in this paper is on compact emission from protoplanetary disks. We mosaicked a field containing similar to 600 near-IR-identified young stars, around which we can search for sub-millimeter emission tracing dusty disks. Approximately 100 sources are known proplyds identified with the Hubble Space Telescope. We detect continuum emission at 1 mm wavelengths toward similar to 20% of the proplyd sample, and similar to 8% of the larger sample of near-IR objects. The noise in our maps allows 4 sigma detection of objects brighter than similar to 1.5 mJy, corresponding to protoplanetary disk masses larger than 1.5 M-J (using standard assumptions about dust opacities and gas-to-dust ratios). None of these disks are detected in contemporaneous CO(2-1) or (CO)-O-18(2-1) observations, suggesting that the gas-to-dust ratios may be substantially smaller than the canonical value of 100. Furthermore, since dust grains may already be sequestered in large bodies in Orion Nebula cluster (ONC) disks, the inferred masses of disk solids may be underestimated. Our results suggest that the distribution of disk masses in this region is compatible with the detection rate of massive planets around M dwarfs, which are the dominant stellar constituent in the ONC.

Many amphibian populations are rapidly disappearing throughout the world. An important issue for ecologists is why some amphibian species are more susceptible to decline than others. Here I present five experiments that compare the performance of an endangered (Rana sevosa) and a common (Rana sphenocephala) frog in changing habitats, to determine why these two species differ in their persistence. I include additional studies investigating the habitat requirements and behavior of R. sevosa. I found that habitat change in the form of canopy closure over breeding ponds negatively affects both species, making them smaller as tadpoles and at metamorphosis. The magnitude of size differences was greater for R. sevosa and this species was less likely to survive in closed canopy ponds. Larval survival was not affected in R. sphenocephala and this is likely a key reason for the persistence of this species in habitats where R. sevosa has been extirpated. The introduction of fish to breeding ponds would also differentially affect the two species. R. sevosa did not display behavioral defenses to the threat of fish predation while R. sphenocephala did. R. sevosa displayed a preference for certain characteristics in its habitat including open canopy ponds, grassy terrestrial habitats and an abundance of burrows. An association with the chemical cues of burrow making organisms suggests that these organisms may be important for R. sevosa. Therefore, specialized habitat requirements and behaviors which may be contributing to its decline. I found some evidence of asymmetric competition in the larval stage with R. sevosa negatively affecting R. sphenocephala. It does not appear that larval competition with R. sphenocephala has contributed to the decline of R. sevosa. The primary difference between the two species was in responses to habitat change. R. sevosa appears to be rigid in its habitat requirements and behavior and its inability to respond and adapt to change is a key component of its rarity. By contrast R. sphenocephala showed an ability to cope with habitat changes. Conservation of R. sevosa will require suitable management of the aquatic and terrestrial habitats, primarily through the instigation of an appropriate fire regime.

Bat flies (Streblidae) are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats that display varying degrees of host specificity. A total of 265 streblid bat flies were collected from 122 bats belonging to the families Phyllostomidae and Natalidae from Utila, the smallest bay island of Honduras. Out of four host-parasite associations, three were considered primary. Out of the three bat species analyzed, one had significantly lower parasite prevalence and another had significantly higher parasite load and intensity. Both male and female bats were equally likely to be infested and variables of parasite density did not differ amongst host sex for any species. However, one species of bat had a significantly larger number of male parasites than female parasites. No significant relationships were found between variables of parasite density and host body mass or bat health (indicated by the ratio of mass to forearm length). The roosting ecology of the two cave roosting species in the study was considered and despite no apparent lack of dispersal barriers, the bat flies exhibited consistent primary associations. Examination of similar host-parasite relationship has many implications in parasite-host relationships and coevolution.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder, which de-pigments parts or all of the skin. This disfiguring condition presents individual sufferers with many challenges. Studies have shown an adverse psychological impact of living with such a skin condition. However, no studies to date have explored the experience of vitiligo from a purely male perspective. This study sought to provide some preliminary understanding of and insight into men’s experience of vitiligo. A qualitative design was employed and the study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with six participants from a white British background who were all members of the Vitiligo Society UK. Three arching themes were found: processing the vitiligo diagnosis, focus on self and managing relationships. These findings are relevant to the theoretical understanding of the psychological impact that skin disorders can have on men. The applicability of these findings for Counselling Psychology practice in the management of vitiligo is discussed and future areas for research are suggested.