Les évolutions de la condition féminine ont profondément interpellé le monde catholique belge, et offrent un point d’entrée fructueux pour appréhender les transformations qu’il a connues entre 1960 et 1990. J’ai choisi d’aborder cette question par le biais de quatre organisations d’encadrement des couples ou des femmes catholiques, qui ont développé des idées et/ou des pratiques d’émancipation touchant les femmes, entrant parfois en contradiction avec le Magistère : la Ligue Ouvrière Féminine Chrétienne (LOFC), devenue Vie Féminine, l’Action catholique Rurale des Femmes (ACRF), le Centre National de Pastorale Familiale (CNPF) devenu Centre d’Éducation à la Famille et à l’Amour (CEFA), et la revue Feuilles Familiales. En combinant les théories de la sécularisation proposées par la sociologie des religions, et une analyse de genre, l’objectif de ma recherche est à la fois d’éclairer sous en jour nouveau les processus de l’émancipation féminine, et de comprendre les mécanismes de l’appartenance catholique et son devenir contemporain. À travers l’étude des multiples aspects de l’émancipation des femmes, regroupés en quatre thématiques (la conquête des droits reproductifs, l’égalité économique et professionnelle, la citoyenneté politique et la place des femmes dans l’Église), la plasticité idéologique des organisations d’Action catholique et leur longévité suggère que leur fonction première n’est pas tant d’imposer des contenus que d’encadrer efficacement un grand nombre de femmes. Le principal enjeu, pour ces organisations, semble être d’assurer la coexistence en leur sein d’une multiplicité d’opinions. Elles sont ainsi parvenues à faire accepter à la majorité de leurs membres des positions radicalement opposées à celles du Magistère catholique, comme la dépénalisation partielle de l’avortement (1989) tout en maintenant une identité « catholique », qui se manifeste dans un socle de valeurs commun à l’entièreté du pilier catholique, mais qui n’est plus tributaire de l’approbation du clergé. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-08T12:07:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldenir Dias dos Santos.pdf: 4088424 bytes, checksum: 17c311f73c52aac3a9d2864dfd2999e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T12:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldenir Dias dos Santos.pdf: 4088424 bytes, checksum: 17c311f73c52aac3a9d2864dfd2999e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The goal of this thesis is to understand the production of material life and the possible autonomy of women in southern Mozambique through the associative work in cooperatives of the General Union of cooperatives. The perspective is that the women are part of the population that is more vulnerable to economic, political and cultural issues, therefore, live in a situation of almost no negotiation with their spouse or other men in their family. This also means that they resist individually and in a collective form, through networks of solidarity and women's organizations. It is understandable that the historical experiences of autonomy and empowerment of women in Áfrican regions, as well as the recent economic and political history, of their country, are key to understanding how it is to live in Mozambique today. The field research was carried out in a one-stage sandwich abroad, by means of semi-structured interviews, a focal point group, the direct and indirect participant observation, in a partial inspiration of the method of Ethnography. The theoretical foundation go through the academic studies of sociology, political science and anthropology, and in this area, the way was more for the tools of the economy, as well as a field still under construction which is the Feminist Anthropology. The study concluded that the associative work of women generated income, which enabled forms of empowerment for themselves and their family, guaranteeing a certain autonomy in the management of their lives. As most of them live without their husband, they are themselves who take the responsibility in the management of organizations and in the management of the house, even where there is a spouse, i.e. their family leadership is independent of the existence of the man in the House. The thesis still inserts a perspective of intersectional feminism studies incorporating the diversity of being a woman / O objetivo dessa tese é o de compreender a produção da vida material e da possível autonomia de mulheres no sul de Moçambique através do trabalho associativo nas cooperativas da União Geral das Cooperativas. A perspectiva é a de que as mulheres fazem parte da população mais vulnerável, por questões econômicas, políticas e culturais, por isso vivem em situação de quase nenhuma negociação com o seu cônjuge ou outros homens da sua família. Entende-se também que elas resistem de forma individual e coletiva, através de redes de solidariedade e organizações de mulheres. Compreende-se também que as experiências históricas de autonomia e empoderamento das mulheres em regiões Áfricanas, bem como a história econômica e política, recente do seu país, são fundamentais para compreensão de como vivem na Moçambique contemporânea. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em um estágio sanduíche no exterior, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupo focal, a observação participante direta e indireta, numa inspiração parcial do método da etnografia. A fundamentação teórica abrange estudos acadêmicos da Sociologia, da Ciência Política e da Antropologia, sendo que nesta área, o caminho foi muito mais pelas ferramentas da Economia, como também de um campo ainda em construção que é a Antropologia Feminista. O estudo concluiu que o trabalho associativo das mulheres gerou renda, que possibilitou formas de empoderamento para si e sua família, garantindo certa autonomia na gestão da sua vida. Como a maioria delas vive sem o marido, são elas mesmas quem assumem a responsabilidade na gestão das organizações e na gestão da casa, mesmo onde existe o cônjuge, ou seja, a sua liderança familiar independe da existência do homem na casa. A tese ainda se insere numa perspectiva dos estudos do feminismo interseccional, incorporando a diversidade do ser mulher

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Zuccolo Paschoal da Costa.pdf: 1066014 bytes, checksum: a51dd807bd3e5922df83eafaea5d29f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / The study of association standing to class jurisdiction and adjudication starts from the Federal Constitution and reaches several federal statutes that rule this matter. Starts, also, from the acknowledgment that class jurisdiction is necessary in order to ameliorate access to justice. Unequivocally, Brazilian law system is one of the most evolved on what concerns the creation of mechanisms to class jurisdiction and, as such, there are some specific rules about standing.However, due to the relevance of what has been developed in the American legal system about this issue, essentially from class actions and Rule 23, it is necessary to discuss exact questions about standing to sue and adequacy on what concerns, specifically, to the necessity that an adequate representative of a class proves injury in fact to be so considered. Related to the Brazilian legal system, it is necessary to keep in mind that national legislator determines who have standing to class jurisdiction ope legis. Among them there are associations, from which is required, in order for them to have standing: constitution one year prior to the class action filing before a court; authorization from their associates to the action; and, also, compatibility between the matter taken to court and objectives of the association. What is observed, nevertheless, is that national precedents give a broad interpretation to these requisites, in order to, correctly, avoid barriers to access to justice. Finally, it is worth mentioning that there are several practical questions about association standing in class actions, nonetheless what is effectively relevant about this issue is the impossibility to create barriers to this standing that, clearly, only makes concrete the corollary of access to justice, so important to a Democratic State of Law / O estudo da legitimidade das entidades associativas para a tutela jurisdicional coletiva parte da Constituição Federal e passa pelas diversas leis federais que tratam da matéria. Parte, ainda, da constatação de que a concretização da tutela coletiva é necessária para aprimorar o acesso à justiça. Inegavelmente, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro é um dos mais evoluídos no que tange à criação de mecanismos para a tutela coletiva e, como tal, positivaram-se questões específicas em relação à legitimidade para agir. No entanto, em razão da importância do que se desenvolveu no sistema norte-americano em matéria de tutela coletiva, fundamentalmente a partir das class actions e da Rule 23, é necessário elucidar questões específicas sobre o standing to sue e sobre a adequacy, no que tange, especificamente, à necessidade de que o legitimado prove que sofreu dano diretamente para que seja considerado adequado representante da classe. Sobre o sistema brasileiro, é necessário lembrar que o legislador nacional determina ope legis quais são as pessoas legitimadas para a tutela jurisdicional coletiva. Dentre elas encontram-se as entidades associativas, das quais se exige, para que estejam legitimadas: sua constituição com um ano de antecedência em relação à data de exercício desta tutela perante o Judiciário; a autorização de seus associados para o litígio; e, ainda, a compatibilidade entre o objeto tutelado e as finalidades para as quais tenha sido criada. O que se observa, todavia, é que a jurisprudência nacional dá interpretação ampliativa a estes requisitos, com a finalidade de, corretamente, não criar empecilhos ao acesso à justiça. Por fim, ressalte-se que são diversas as questões práticas que se colocam no que tange à legitimidade das entidades associativas para a tutela coletiva, mas o que é efetivamente relevante sobre o tema é a impossibilidade de se criarem barreiras a esta legitimidade que, claramente, apenas torna concreto o corolário do acesso à justiça, tão importante a um Estado Democrático de Direito

Thesis. 1978. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Stewart Landers. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Debra Ann Stabile. / M.S.

A partir do início da década de 90, com a desregulamentação do setor, os produtores de cana-de-açúcar do Brasil passaram a ser livres para se juntarem voluntariamente à associação do seu agrado. O caráter voluntário passou a posicionar o associado como cliente da associação e, portanto, atrair e manter membros tornou-se essencial para a perpetuação das associações, bem como compreender o que os conduz à satisfação. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os elementos que determinam a satisfação apresentada pelos produtores de cana-de-açúcar com as associações da qual fazem parte. Baseado na literatura foi desenvolvido um modelo composto por seis variáveis independentes aglomeradas em dois tipos: benefícios individuais (vantagem econômica, contatos, serviços seletivos) e benefícios coletivos (serviços coletivos, representação, lobby). O modelo também foi composto por quatro variáveis moderadoras: tamanho da associação, heterogeneidade da associação, comunicação face-a-face com a associação e informações sobre ações passadas. Para o alcance do objetivo e teste do modelo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo e explicativo, por meio de 230 questionários válidos aplicados diretamente aos produtores durante eventos. Para a verificação do modelo elaborado, foram realizadas análises descritivas, testes de correlação, de regressão linear múltipla e de moderação. Os resultados identificaram que todas as seis variáveis independentes apresentam correlação positiva com a satisfação, indicando haver uma relação positiva entre elas e a satisfação. Entretanto, apenas três delas apresentaram um efeito significativo na regressão linear múltipla: vantagem econômica (?=0,461), representação (?=0,437) e serviços seletivos (?=0,115). Os resultados também mostraram que os aspectos individuais influenciam mais a satisfação dos produtores do que os aspectos coletivos. Por fim, os resultados indicaram que a heterogeneidade da associação e a comunicação face-a-face apresentaram um efeito moderador sobre a relação entre vantagem econômica e satisfação e a heterogeneidade e informações sobre ações passadas apresentaram um efeito moderador sobre a relação entre representação e satisfação. / From the beginning of the 90s, with the deregulation of the sector, producers of sugarcane in Brazil became free to voluntarily join the association of their liking. The voluntary character passed the position members as customers and therefore attract and retain members and understanding what leads to satisfaction has become essential to the perpetuation of the associations. In this context, the study aimed to identify the elements that determine the satisfaction displayed by sugar cane producers, the Center-South region of Brazil, with the associations they belong to. Based on the literature, it was developed a model composed of six independent variables clustered into two types: individual benefits (economic advantage, contacts, selective services) and collective benefits (collective services, representation, lobbying). The model was also composed by four moderating variables: size of the association, heterogeneity of the association, face-to-face communication and information about past actions. For the data analysis and model test, a quantitative and explanatory research was performed, through 230 valid questionnaires, applied directly to producers during events. Descriptive analysis, correlation test, multiple linear regression and moderation test were used. The results showed that all independent variables are positively correlated with satisfaction, indicating a positive relationship between them and the satisfaction. However, only three of them have had a significant effect on multiple linear regression: economic advantage (? = 0.461), representation (? = 0.437) and selective services (? = 0.115). The results also showed that individual aspects influence satisfaction more than the collective aspects. Finally, the results indicated that the heterogeneity of the association and face-to-face communication had a moderating effect on the relationship between economic benefit and satisfaction and heterogeneity and information about past actions had a moderating effect on the relationship between representation and satisfaction.

Centrée sur les partenariats entre organisations économiques et associatives, notre recherche vise à qualifier la nature communicationnelle de ces espaces d’interaction à partir de la référence habermassienne de l’éthique de la discussion. Nous abordons les partenariats selon trois angles différents, correspondant à autant de définitions différentes de la notion : les partenariats comme formes hybrides de « faire ensemble », comme espaces d’interaction langagière et comme formes singulières de médiation sociale. L’analyse discursive du corpus constitué de trois cas de partenariats – les partenariats entre Lafarge et le WWF pour l’échelon international, entre Monoprix et Max Havelaar pour l’échelon national et entre Aéroports de Paris et les associations de riverains pour l’échelon local – permet de mettre en avant l’articulation de l’ethos et de la praxis des acteurs, les modalités de dialogue entre eux, ainsi que la présence d’un tiers-référent au sein de chaque relation partenariale. / Focused on partnerships between economic and associative organizations, our research aims to qualify the communicational nature of these interaction spaces according to Habermas theory of discussion ethics. This thesis examines partnerships from three different points of view, corresponding to three different definitions of the notion : partnerships as hybrid forms of “together doing”, as language interaction spaces, and as singular forms of social mediation. The discourse analysis of the three partnerships corpus – the international partnership between Lafarge and WWF International, the national partnership between Monoprix and Max Havelaar and the local partnership between Aéroports de Paris and local resident associations – enables to lay stress on the articulation of ethos and praxis, dialogue forms between actors, and the presence of a third party inside each partnership relation.

All in all, modernization, marketization, and policy fluctuation can explain the development and change of civic associations in 1980s and 1990s. The policy fluctuations plays the key, and has been more significant in the late 1990s. But as to the state-society relations, it also shows that it is not a zero-sum game, but a win-win game in recent years. / Civil associations have been a window to state-society relations in China, which catch eyes and minds of students of China since middle-1990. The theoretical perspectives always adopted include civil society and corporatism, which pay more attention to the political aspects of civic associations. Based on case studies, previous research does not explain the variations of civic associations both in time and spaces. / In analyzing the first period, various sources of data are collected to verify the prevailing modernization hypothesis and transition hypothesis. Emphasis has put on the impact of political fluctuations in 1980s. Data shows, the higher level the association registered, the more sensible they are when facing the fluctuations. Based a time series comparison, the sensitivity to fluctuation is also a function of the types of associations. Business associations, recreational associations are more sensible than others. Marketization is closely related to the development of business associations and professional association. State played a key role in the development of them. Modernization is a key factor in the development of academic associations and recreational associations. However, in a cross-sectional analysis, modernization also accounts for a part of variations of associational density between different areas, but the correlation is weak. The balance of power between state and society brought by market transition shows no correlation with the difference of associational density in the cross-sectional analysis. / In understanding the development of associations in the second period, data comes from a nationwide sampling survey and the Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Civil Affairs. Comparing to the situation in 1980s type by type, it is shown that policy change and political fluctuation are the most important explanations for the development of associations in 1990s. It finds that during the re-registration and houseclean campaign, the total number of associations dropped greatly. But more grassroots association were accepted and the autonomy of civic associations are also strengthened. But a panel analysis of provincial associational density between 1992 and 2003 shows that economic development and marketization are positive to the associational density after controlling the policy fluctuations. But there is no significant relations between the social modernization and associational density. When a interaction between the covariates and the policy change are considered, all except the urbanization are not significant related to the associational density. / To fill in both empirical and theoretical gaps, my research intends to analyze the macro political economy of civic associations in China. After reviewing the history and mapping out the landscape of civic associations, I put forward a comprehensive theoretical framework integrating modernization, marketization, and policy fluctuation as independent variables to interpret the development of civic association in Reform China. It has been divided into two periods: 1978∼1991 and 1992∼2004. / 何建宇. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 192-203). / Adviser: Shaoguang Wang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: A, page: 3583. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 192-203). / He Jianyu.

This research takes the form of ten journal articles and book chapters that were published between June 2008 and February 2018. This body of work encompasses outputs that are focused on community development, community arts, youth work and social movement praxis. These fields of praxis are understood as constituting a vital part of a variegated and differentiated Irish civil society and, while acknowledging their specificities, the body of work situates them together within the contested terrain of collective action. The Covering Document elucidates how, across the ten outputs, collective action is theorised: as the site of and target for complex and dynamic power relationships; as imbricated with various governmental projects through which multiple societal actors seek to mobilise citizens; as a potential site of and resource for resistance to particular expressions of government, ideology and power; and as developing alternative social relationships, organisational forms and modes of communication. The boundaries between the state and civil society are imprecise and fluid: civil society and state actors seek to induce desired forms of conduct and relationships from each other. This research exposes and critically interrogates associated power dynamics, overlaps, and contestations, and how they in turn shape expectations of collective action. Drawing together findings from youth work, community development, social movement, and community arts praxis, the research illuminates; how and by whom collective action is rationalised and (de)legitimised; the changing role of the state in governing civil society; and the potential for collective action to prefigure alternative forms of relationships and to resist particular forms of government. Therefore, the body of work analyses how the meanings, forms and purposes of collective action are constantly reworked, just as they give expression to important societal struggles. The Covering Document details the theory, methodology and methods that have underpinned the research. It offers an integrated thematic overview of the ten research outputs, highlighting their coherence, originality, and relevance for a critical analysis of the dynamics of collective action in contemporary Ireland. The research analyses the discourses of collective action as they have been expressed in key policy documents, in newspapers such as the Irish Independent and in the documents of protest of social movement organisations. It highlights and interrogates the political, economic and cultural context for collective action in 21st Century Ireland, paying particular attention to the ways though which the recent regime of austerity has impacted on civil society, the state and on relations between these spheres. The research is critical in orientation, but it draws upon and articulates diverse critical traditions as it analyses the power dynamics associated with collective action. Gramscian style, cultural materialist and Foucauldian governmentality perspectives are variously adopted and adapted within specific outputs. The Covering Document also outlines how and why the body of work troubles the boundaries between community development, community arts, youth work and social movement research and praxis. It calls for an articulated and dialogical theory and practice that challenge the assumed estrangement of these fields. As the Covering Document outlines, the research records how state policy now seeks to govern youth work, community development and community arts organisations through an increasingly intrusive and prescriptive set of policy ordinances, self-reporting techniques, and accountability measures. Against that, it also points to the potential for collective action to re-politicise issues otherwise framed as non-political by policy-makers and media, to build and be based upon reflexive forms of solidarity, and to reclaim the arts and tactics of protest.

Este trabalho configura-se como um esforço para se discutir a inclusão da participação social na prática do Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrado. Tem como objetivo principal uma análise das associações de bairro existentes nos quatro municípios do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo a fim de avaliar a atuação destas como um ator do gerenciamento costeiro integrado. A análise partiu de um contexto teórico, sobre as diferentes formas de organização da sociedade civil, entre elas os movimentos sócio ambientais e as associações de bairro. Realizou-se uma análise institucional das associações, com a identificação de seu potencial de ação como agentes do movimento sócio ambiental e de sua e efetiva participação em processos de discussão e elaboração de políticas públicas, utilizando o Litoral Norte como área de estudo. Observou-se que o principal objetivo, das 248 associações identificadas, é a busca por melhorias de infra-estrutura urbana, e que questões ambientais são marginais. Grande parcela das associações apresenta problemas estruturais e jurídicos, 96% estão com seus estatutos em desacordo com o atual Código Civil Brasileiro. Observou-se uma visão compartimentalizada e biocêntrica de meio ambiente e um entendimento praticamente inexistente de desenvolvimento sustentável. A participação em políticas públicas é pequena, o que pode ser uma evidência da falta de interesse, mobilização e/ou informações destas instituições sobre os espaços de participação pública. Conclui-se que as associações, possuem potencial para atuar na gestão da zona costeira, entretanto não atuam de fato, sendo necessário um intenso processo de fortalecimento comunitário considerando iniciativas que promovam sua motivação e capacitação. / The present study is configured as an effort to discuss the inclusion of social issues in Integrated Coastal Management practices. Its major purpose was to analyze neighborhood associations existing in the four municipalities the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, in order to identify whether they participate in Integrated Coastal Management processes. The analyses started with a theoretical approach to the different forms of civil organizations, including socio environmental movements and neighborhood associations. An institutional analysis of these associations was performed, identifying their role as stakeholders in socio environmental movements and their effective participation in public policies\' discussion and elaboration processes, setting the northern coast of São Paulo State as the study area. We could observe that the main objective, considering the 248 identified associations, was the search for improvements on the urban infra-structure, with environmental problems appearing as a marginal concern. A considerable number of associations presented organizational, structural and juridical problems, 96% had their statutes in disagreement with the current Brazilian Civil Code. It was possible to note that they share a compartmentalized biocentric concept of environment and were generally unaware of the sustainable development definition. Their participation in public policies development processes was minimal, what may evidence a lack of interest, mobilization and/or information that these institutions have about forums for public and social participation. We could conclude that neighborhood associations can be potential stakeholders in coastal zone management, nevertheless they are not presently playing their role, being necessary an effort towards community empowerment, considering initiatives to promote their motivation and build their capacity for participatory processes.