Ce mémoire veut démontrer comment les Soeurs Grises ont su tirer parti de leur expérience dans le domaine du nursing et dans la gestion des hôpitaux en Amérique du Nord pour mettre en oeuvre le projet de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve qui se veut pour l'époque un hôpital avant-gardiste. Le premier chapitre survol les mutations qui touchent le milieu médical et hospitalier après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le chapitre deux est consacré aux Soeurs Grises et aux premières démarches pour mettre en place un hôpital dans l'Est de Montréal. Le troisième chapitre analyse une des dimension majeurs de l'oeuvre caritative et hospitalière des Soeurs Grises: l'école d'infirmière et le service de nursing. On y découvre le rôle d'avant-garde des religieuses dans ce domaine et le haut degré de qualification qu'elles ont su développer. Enfin, le dernier chapitre s'attarde à deux éléments particulièrement novateurs du projet de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve: d'une part, l'architecture, la construction et l'aménagement des lieux qui se veulent modernes, fonctionnels et efficaces; d'autre part, la recherche de pointe dans le domaine des maladies cardiovasculaires s'incarnant dans la mise en place de l'Institut de cardiologie de Montréal.

What is the political significance of affiliation with voluntary associations for people with and without foreign backgrounds in Sweden? Does associational affiliation offer an opportunity to influence the political decision-making process for those otherwise disfavoured in terms of political resources? Or does it rather aggravate the political marginalisation of people with foreign backgrounds? This thesis is based on two large-scale surveys that have been designed explicitly to deal with questions of this sort. It is shown that there are substantial differences in associational affiliation between people with and without foreign backgrounds. Interestingly, these differences are strongly correlated with patterns of ethnification and ethnic discrimination in Swedish society. Individuals who have migrated to Sweden from Western Europe and North America participate in voluntary associations to the same extent as native Swedes. In contrast, the levels of associational affiliation are consistently lower among people who have migrated to Sweden from other parts of the world, even controlling for age, education, occupation and other potentially important factors. The study supports the widely held notion that there is a positive causal relation between associational affiliation and political participation. However, this seems to be true only with regard to certain forms of political participation and only seldom to such an extent that differences in associational affiliation can be said to strongly affect the relative levels of political engagement of people with and without foreign backgrounds. In particular, the observed differences in associational affiliation seem to have little to do with the often debated marginalisation of immigrants in the electoral arena. / Etnisk organisering och politisk integration i storstaden

The purpose of the study was to find out how well companies succeed in trying to convey the identity of their trademarks to the consumers. The study was quantitative with a survey design. A sample of 109 respondents participated. Brand identity and brand image was the focus of the study and was measured in three companies; Odd Molly, Filippa K and Björn Borg. These three were selected partly because of their different profiles. One survey was sent to the companies and one survey was distributed to the consumers. The majority of the questions in the surveys were based on a model designed to measure brand identity and brand image and gap in between them. The study presents three central theories; Profile, Image and Identity, Brand Equity and The Corporate Personality Scale. The first two gives a background to the concept of the words. The Corporate Personality Scale was created and designed to assess image and identity and the gaps in between them. The results showed that there were gaps in between the brand identity and the brand image in all three of the selected companies. However there were also signs of coherence between them. The companies succeeded in some part, in their trying to convey the identity of their trademarks to the consumers. There were both clear gaps and clear coherence between Brand Identity and Brand Image. In some cases the image was graded higher than the identity and vice versa.

On title page: MPhil (Value Analysis and Policy Formulation). / Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a study in the field of organisational decision making. The focus is on decision making where the organisation is the unit of analysis (as opposed to the individual). It is a systemic approach rather than a behavioural or personal approach. The methodology employed is a conceptual study, which comprises the description and discussion of four models of decision making. Each model is discussed individually. The models date from the late 1940's to the middle 1970's and are known as the 'rational', 'procedural', 'political' and 'anarchic' models of organisational decision making. In conclusion, a major problem in the understanding of organisational decision making is discussed. This problem relates to how generic organisational decision making activity can be understood, without having to consider the behavioural features of decision making. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n studie op die gebied van besluitneming in organisasies. Die fokus is op besluitneming, waar die organisasie die eenheid van ontleding is (en nie die individu nie). Die benadering is sistemies eerder as 'n gedragsbenadering of persoonlike benadering. Die metodologie is 'n konseptuele studie en behels die verduideliking en bespreking van vier modelle van besluitneming. Elke model word individueel bespreek. Die modelle dateer vanaf die laat 1940' s tot die middel 1970' s en staan onderskeidelik bekend as die 'rasionele', 'prosedurale' , 'politieke' en 'anargiese' modelle van organisatoriese besluitneming. Ten slotte word 'n beduidende probleem rakende die verstaan van besluitneming in organisasies bespreek. Hierdie probleem hou verband met hoe generiese organisatoriese besluitnemingsaktiwiteit verstaan kan word, sonder om te hoef verwys na die gedragsaspekte van besluitneming.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Es posible identificar una importante dinámica de crecimiento y diversificación de experiencias de economía solidaria en los últimos diez años, unido a una creciente actuación de organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales para la promoción y apoyo de las mismas y a una amplia construcción teórica sobre el asunto Esta tesis analiza los procesos de articulación, organización y movilización de la red de actores y organizaciones de la economía solidaria constituidas en el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, buscando entender en qué medida éstas son generadoras de espacios públicos autónomos, capaces de recrear nuevos espacios de relaciones sociales y económicas y de producir transformaciones más amplias, en diferentes esferas (cultural, social, económica, política) y niveles (local, regional, nacional). Se entiende que, en Brasil, las organizaciones y actores de la economía solidaria desarrollan, por un lado, una acción de crítica pautada en un discurso movilizador orientado a la transformación social y, de otro, una acción de legitimación e institucionalización orientada a la participación en los procesos decisorios y de representación política. El análisis retoma las lógicas de acción que se desprenden de esas relacionas y de los discursos construidos por los actores sociales. El trabajo permite identificar un conjunto de contradicciones y desafíos colocados para la economía solidaria hoy, en tanto que espacio de acción colectiva integrada en los procesos de construcción y ampliación de la democracia, en que no es más posible disociar lo social, lo político y lo económico. / Une importante dynamique de croissance et diversification d’expériences d’économie solidaire se développe dans les dix dernières années, en rapport avec l’action d’organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales qui les soutiennent et avec une large construction théorique sur le sujet. Cette thèse fait l’analyse des processus d’articulation, organisation et mobilisation du réseau d’acteurs et organisations de l’économie solidaire constituées dans l’État du Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil, tout en cherchant de comprendre dans quelle mesure ceux-ci permettent de développer des espaces publiques autonomes, capables de renouveler des espaces des relations sociales et économiques et de produire transformations plus larges , dans des différents sphères (culturel, social, économique, politique) et niveaux (local, régional, national). Au Brésil, les organisations et acteurs de l’économie solidaire développent, au même temps, une action de critique basée dans un discours mobilisateur orienté vers la transformation sociale et, d’autre, une action de légitimation et institutionnalisation orientée vers la participation aux processus de décision et de représentation politique. L’analyse reprend les logiques d’action et les discours construits par les acteurs sociaux. Le travail permet d’identifier un ensemble de contradictions et défis pour l’économie solidaire aujourd’hui, en tant que espace d’action collective intégrée aux processus de construction et ampliation de la démocratie, dans lequel il n’est plus possible de dissocier le social, le politique et l’économique.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Title: Teenagers and their perception of fashion brands (Ungdomar och deras uppfattningar om modevarumärken)</p><p>Number of pages: 42</p><p>Author: Louise Kindblom</p><p>Tutor: Göran Svensson</p><p>Course: Media and communication studies C</p><p>Period: Autumn term 2007</p><p>University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala university</p><p>Purpose/Aim: To achieve a deeper level of knowledge and a better understanding of high school teenager`s perception of the three fashion brands Gucci. H&M and Canada Goose and too distinguish potential gender related differences in their perceptions.</p><p>Material/Method: A questionnaire about fashion brands delivered to three schools in the Stockholm area.</p><p>Main results: Teenagers perceptions of the three fashion brands Gucci, H&M and Canada Goose are more different than similar. This differences in teenagers perceptions are discernible in a comparison between the most usual and unusual associations that are related to each of the brands. Gucci is associated with success, wealth, excitement and uniqueness. H&M is for example seen as earth-bound and has in a comparison with the other brands reached the highest level of positive associations. Canada Goose is seen as dishonest, and has the highest level of negative associations. Gucci and H&M are the strongest brands. They are strong regarding different aspects. Canada Goose is the least strong fashion mark. There are differences in perceptions of gender but they are quite seldom very big even if there are exceptions from this rule. The differences are more subtle.</p><p>Keywords: fashion brands, teenagers, perceptions, strong brands, associations, image, Kellers pyramid</p>

Cette thèse porte sur le fonctionnement de deux associations de développement local très liées entre elles et présentées dans leur contexte, celui d'un village assez typique du sud de l'Égypte, la région la moins développée du pays. Cette recherche s'inscrit dans le cadre des sociologies du développement et des organisations et se distingue par la mobilisation novatrice du concept de configurations sociales introduit par Norbert Elias. À travers l'observation participante, méthodologie utilisée pour la première fois pour étudier les organisations rurales égyptiennes, et des compléments d'informations recueillis par entretiens et par fichiers quantitatifs, deux types de configurations sociales ont été examinés. Le premier porte sur les configurations sociales internes au village et aux deux associations et comprend les interrelations sociales sur les plans du territoire, des familles, de l'économie, des relations entre hommes et femmes, de la religion et de la politique locale. Le deuxième type, les configurations sociales externes, permet d'étudier les interrelations et les tensions avec les différents partenaires des deux associations qu'ils soient privés ou publics. Cette thèse contribue à la connaissance d'organisations ayant un rôle significatif dans le développement local, en particulier en montrant l'importance des jeux de pouvoir étudiés à travers les relations établies avec les autres structures locales ou avec les intervenants extérieurs et le rôle clé des responsables de ces associations, médiateurs entre les configurations internes et externes ainsi qu'entre les partenaires privés ou publics qui peuvent ainsi collaborer de manière souvent inattendue.

An overview is presented of anthropology's interest in voluntary association, from the classical influences and studies to sociological and anthropological work that illustrate recent trends from the last decade. Information is presented from the author's fieldwork with the Tucson Homeless Union and the Southern Arizona Coalition for the Homeless that describes the homeless situation in Tucson and the efforts of these groups, whose members share a dedication to improving conditions for socioeconomically marginal people through activist means of protest and civil disobedience. Marked by fluidity of membership and unique internal dynamics, these groups present a special case-study of voluntary associations as a means of urban adaptation through self-help and as a vehicle for social change. It is demonstrated how and examination of the values expressed by the existence and actions of these associations is useful in understanding the nature of society and the stability of the political system.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to add empirical findings of IMC strategies utilizing digital- and traditional marketing communication channels to build and maintain brand equity in the FMCG industry. More specifically awareness, associations/image and sales that are said to be critically affected by communication are the focus of the study. Research Question: Are digital marketing communication channels in an IMC strategy effective in creating awareness, associations and sales within the FMCG industry? Methodological approach: An exploratory case study was adopted utilizing a mix of data sources. An interview with the Nordic Marketing Manager at the focal firm combined with multiple-source secondary data was used to give the context of the IMC strategy. A survey was then conducted with 269 respondents, thus the study measures the outcome on an individual level. Findings: The findings show that the digital marketing communication channels have little or no direct effects on awareness, associations and sales. When looking at light – heavy category users it is found that the traditional marketing communication channels have a greater effect on the lightest users. Social media from others than the firm was found to have greater effects on awareness for heavier category users. Synergy effects were found for social media from the focal firm and others. Although the touchpoints that gained synergy effects were unexpected: Seen at work, tasted at work, sample from i.e. friends and family and seen on shelf. Further research is needed. Contribution: This study moves beyond the laboratory setting of most previous research, allowing study of the touchpoints in business practice/part of an IMC strategy. Some touchpoints studied seem to be part of a novel notion not studied in previous research i.e. in store activites. More touchpoints are studied than in most previous research found.