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1	Etude de protéines effectrices de Salmonella et de leur rôle dans la pathogénèse / Study of Salmonella virulence effectors and their role in pathogenesis Zhao, Yaya 27 September 2016 (has links) Nous avons décrit la présence de tubules inter-cellulaires [inter-cellular tubules (ICTs)], qui apparaissent entre les deux cellules filles lors de la cytokinèse d’une cellule infectée. Nos données suggèrent que ces structures sont des vestiges de SITs qui connectaient les SCVs initialement présentes dans la cellule mère et qui ont été distribuées dans les cellules filles. Les effecteurs de T3SS2 sont nécessaires à la formation de ces tubules. De plus, nous avons établit une corrélation entre la formation des ICTs et la distribution asymétrique des vacuoles bactériennes entre les cellules filles. Les protéines effectrices de T3SS2 peuvent donc modifier la distribution des bactéries pendant la cytokinèse. Il a été démontré l’existence de différents types de SITs, de composition différentes et qui interagissent avec différents compartiments de la cellule hôte. Pendant la deuxième partie de ma thèse, nous avons caractérisé des tubules dépourvus de protéines de l’hôte mais riches en protéines effectrices [LAMP1-negative tubules (LNT)]. Nous avons montré que les effecteurs de T3SS2 SseF et SseG sont nécessaires à la formation de ces structures. L’inhibition de la formation des LNTs par la suppression de sseF/G est corrélée à un recrutement réduit de LAMP1 sur les SCVs. Cela suggère que la formation des tubules favorise la capture et le transport de LAMP1 vers les SCVs. Nous avons également observé une interaction indépendante de SKIP entre Arl8b et les deux domaines de l’effecteur SifA. En absence de SifA ou de Arl8b, les tubules ont une capacité limitée à capturer les protéines membranaires lysosomales. / We describe the presence of inter-cellular tubules (ICTs) that arise between daughter cells during cytokinesis of an infected cell. Our data suggest that these structures are remnants of SITs that connect bacterial vacuoles originally present in the parent cell and that have been distributed between daughters. T3SS-2 effectors are required for the formation of these tubules. Importantly, there is a correlation between the formation of ICTs and the asymmetric distribution of bacterial vacuoles in daughters. Thus, T3SS-2 effector proteins can manipulate the distribution of bacteria during cytokinesis. This may further increase bacterial spreading and the systemic character of the infection. Different kinds of SITs with diverse host protein contents have been characterised, suggesting the capacity of these tubules to interact with different host compartments. In the second part of my thesis, we performed a biochemical and functional characterization of LAMP1-negative tubules (LNT) that are decorated with effector proteins but essentially devoid of host proteins. We show that T3SS2 effectors SseF and SseG are required for the formation of these structures. The inhibition of LNTs formation by deletion of sseF/G is correlated with a reduced recruitment of LAMP1 to the SCVs. It suggests that formation of tubules favours the capture and the transport of LAMP1 towards the SCV to keep vacuole stable. An additional observation added to this study is that there is a SKIP-independent interaction between Arl8b and both domains of SifA. In the absence of SifA or Arl8b, tubules have a limited capacity to capture host membrane proteins from the late endosomal compartments. Salmonella Virulence Salmonella effector Salmonella-Induced tubules Cycle cellulaire Salmonella Virulence Salmonella effector Salmonella-Induced tubules Cell cycle Asymmetric distribution of bacteria 570
2	Photodissoziation von Halogenwasserstoff- und orientierten Wasserstoff-Edelgas-Halogen-Molekülen in Clusterumgebungen / Photodissociation of hydrogen halide and oriented hydrogen-rare gas-halogen molecules in cluster environments Nahler, Nils Hendrik 28 October 2002 (has links) No description available. 530 Physik Mathematics and Computer Science Photodissoziation Cluster Halogenwasserstoff Edelgas UV Photodissoziation HBr HI HCl große Ar/sub n/ Cluster adsorbiertes Molekül eingebettes Molekül mittlere Größe Größenverteilung Energieverteilung Käfigeffekt Adsorptionsort orientierte Moleküle Gasphase Xe/sub n/ asymmetrische Verteilung gepulste Laserstrahlung elektrostatisches Feld Ausrichtung Orientierung Polarisierbarkeit Dipolmoment HXeI HXeCl Anisotropieparameter Verzweigungsverhältnis polarisierte Laserstrahlung Flugzeitmassenspektrometer Spin-Bahn Aufspaltung 243 nm 193 nm photodissociation cluster hydrogen halide rare gas UV photodissociation HBr HI HCl large Ar/sub n/ clusters adsorbed molecule embedded molecule mean size size distribution kinetic energy distribution cage effect adsorption sites oriented molecules gas phase Xe/sub n/ asymmetric distribution pulsed laser electrostatic field alignment orientation polarizability dipole moment HXeI HXeCl anisotropy parameter branching ratio polarized laser light time-of-flight mass spectrometer spin-orbit state 243 nm 193 nm 33.30 SD
3	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics
4	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics

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