Global ETD Search

1	none Xie, Zhi-Feng 30 August 2005 (has links) ¡¨Six Sigma¡¨ is one of the most popular quality initiatives in recent years. ¡¨Six Sigma¡¨ is based on the reducing variation to improve production process, enhance quality, reduce costs. Besides, the integration of them is viewed as a new trend in the next management wave. Six-Sigma was initially implemented by Motorola in 1987 but the whole world did not pay too much attention until GE re-started the Six-Sigma in 1995. Many enterprises in Taiwan also have been processing it since 1999. In view of the fundamental objective of the Six Sigma methodology which uplifted the competitiveness for Taiwan¡¦s industry, this thesis takes company A as an example to research this case was based on the application of the Six Sigma that has been adopted. The Six Sigma led to reduce costs of the material of process. This paper applies the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and solve the problem during the implementation. The purpose of this study was using the Six Sigma with Design of Experiment to find out the key factor to identify the optimal operating conditions of key factors for further verification of the best process capability. The results indicate that the Six Sigma DMAIC methology has greatly reduced costs of the material of process to improve the lean management system of company. Design of Experiment Material cost 6-Sigma
2	A Cost Effective, Integrated and Smart Radioactive Safeguard System Singh, Harneet 2010 December 1900 (has links) Nuclear energy is a growing field worldwide due to its wide range of applications in various walks of life. It, however, deals with radioactive materials, specifically special nuclear material, which, if misused, could result in catastrophic consequences. In order to protect this precious resource and ensure its use for the good of mankind, safeguard systems are more important than ever. Current Market solutions are wide ranged but have a large number of disadvantages, some of which include high cost, constant updates, and incomplete efforts. The rising need of a cost effective, efficient, and integrated radioactive safeguard system serves as motivation for the solution outlined in this thesis. The thesis outlines a solution structured around the three pillars of the international safeguards program, namely, visual surveillance and motion detection, containment analysis, and non-destructive analysis. The hardware around each of these pillars work together with a clean and user-friendly application to provide a secure safeguards system that is both flexible and extensible. Radioactive Safeguard System Material Cost and Accounting Cost Effective
3	Optimization of Material Cost and Carbon Footprint of Flat Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Simple Steel Piles : Designed according to Eurocode and Swedish appendix EKS / Kostnad och växthusgasutsläpps optimering av betonggrund med stålpålar : Med hänsyn till Eurokod och EKS Lönn, Oskar January 2023 (has links) When designing reinforced concrete (RC) slabs with steel piles various variables must be considered, from the internal force to the distance of piles. An endless number of designs are possible, leaving space for optimizing designs. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how different variables may affect the design and how to design for different situations. With the rising interest of the environmental impact of constructions the thesis will analyze both optimal cost and carbon footprint. The analysis is limited to the materials cost and carbon footprint excluding transportation and construction work. To analyze optimized design a method was created to calculate RC slabs using minimum amount of material. Limitations were made analyzing a range of pile distances, acting live loads, pile length, and slab thicknesses. The method used a finite element analysis software to analyze internal forces after creep and crack. A code was programmed to execute the method and extracted results presented as graphs. The results indicated that the smallest slab thickness is the optimal design up to a certain pile distancing. The curve of cost and carbon footprint dependent on the slab thickness flattens out with an increased pile distance. When pile distance is the variable of cost and carbon footprint, an exponential curve is found. The pile length impact on the result is found more prominent for lower live loads. When the slab is exposed to the highest live load (20 MPa) the optimal design is found at the lowest pile distance (2 meters). In general cost and carbon footprint is affected equally. However, there are differences in the results as materials have different ratios between cost and carbon footprint. When designing according to pile distance a shorter distance is more optimal for cost than the carbon footprint. Optimization RC slab Material cost API Architectural Engineering Arkitekturteknik
4	En möjlighet till en hållbar byggbransch : Jämförelsestudie mellan stommaterialen KL-trä och prefabricerad betong / An Opportunity for a Sustainable Construction Industry : Comparative Study between CLT and Prefabricated Concrete as Frame Material Paananen, Linnea, Burom Injonglan, Gamm January 2019 (has links) Byggbranschen står idag för cirka 21 procent av Sveriges totala årliga utsläpp av växthusgaser. En stor utmaning är att kunna uppnå klimatlagens mål som innebär att Sverige inte ska ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser i atmosfären de kommande decennierna. Samtidigt ökar behovet av fler bostäder i samband med en ökad befolkning. Betong är det material som dominerar dagens industriella byggande av flervåningshus och i samband med den tidigare svenska lagen som förbjöd träkonstruktioner med fler än två våningar är träbyggandet i Sverige inte lika etablerat i samma utsträckning som betongkonstruktioner. För att öka förståelsen och kunskapen om träkonstruktioner bland aktörer i byggbranschen som exempelvis beställare, är syftet att jämföra en KL-trästomme och en prefabricerad betongstomme utifrån skillnader i miljöpåverkan, materialkostnad och byggtid. Med handlingar från ett referensprojekt med KL-trästomme erhållna av Bjerking har en undersökning av stommens materialåtgång utförts, för att sedan kunna ersättas med en prefabricerad betongstomme. Med hjälp av materialåtgången för respektive stomme har jämförelsestudien slutförts. Resultatet visar att KL-trästommen har mindre miljöpåverkan och total materialkostnad jämfört med den prefabricerade betongstommen, dock är inte alla material i KL-trästommen inräknade i studien. De uteslutna materialen är enligt uppgift kostsamma vilket i slutändan kan medföra att stommen i KLträ blir det dyrare alternativet. Byggtiden som i detta fall är tiden för stommontage uppskattades till cirka en arbetsvecka per våningsplan för båda stommarna, men det krävs mindre arbetskraft för KLträstommen. Slutsatsen är att KL-trä är det mest miljövänliga stommaterialet för att bygga referensprojektet i Kajstaden eftersom att det bidrar minst till miljöpåverkan. Den prefabricerade betongstommen är mer fördelaktig om en mindre materialkostnad är det som prioriteras. Om en kortare byggtid med mindre arbetskraft önskas är KL-trästommen mer gynnsam. I framtiden bör den viktigaste parametern vid val av stommaterial vara det med minst miljöpåverkan för att byggbranschen ska bli mer hållbar. / The construction industry is currently responsible for about 21 percent of Sweden’s total annual emission of greenhouse gases. A major challenge is to be able to achieve the goals of the climate change act, which means that Sweden will not have any net emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in the coming decades. At the same time, the need for more housing increases in connection with an increased population. Concrete is the construction material that dominates today’s industrial construction of multi-storey buildings and in connection with the earlier Swedish law that prohibited wooden structures with more than two stories, wood construction in Sweden is not as developed to the same extent as concrete structures. In order to increase understanding and knowledge of CLT structures among operators in the construction industry, such as clients, the purpose is to compare a CLT structure and a prefabricated concrete frame based on differences in environmental impact, material cost and construction time. With documents from a reference project with CLT structure obtained by the company Bjerking, an investigation of the construction’s material consumption has been accomplished, in order to be replaced with a prefabricated concrete frame. The comparative study has been completed using the material consumption for each frame. The results shows that the CLT structure has less environmental impact and total material cost compared to the prefabricated concrete frame, however, not all materials in the CLT structure are included in the study. The excluded materials are reportedly costly, which in the end means that the CLT structure can become the more expensive alternative. The construction time, which in this case is the time for the frame assembly, was estimated to be about one working week per storey for both frames, but less workers is required for the CLT structure. The conclusion is that the CLT structure is the most environmentally-friendly frame material for building the reference project in Kajstaden because it contributes least to the environmental impact. The prefabricated concrete frame is more advantageous if a lower material cost is the priority. If a shorter construction time with less workers is desired, the CLT structure is more favorable. In the future, the most important parameter in the choice of frame material should be the one with least environmental impact for the construction industry to become more sustainable. CLT prefabricated concrete environmental impact material cost construction time KL-trä prefabricerad betong miljöpåverkan materialkostnad byggtid Building Technologies Husbyggnad
5	Strategies Construction Managerial Leaders Use to Counteract Material Cost Overruns van der Kuyp, Daniel John 01 January 2018 (has links) The project cost overruns instigated through the loss of construction materials lowers the profitability of each stakeholder significantly. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies managerial leaders of a large construction firm used to counteract material cost overruns successfully. The diffusion of innovation theory was the conceptual framework for this study. The target population consisted of 6 managerial leaders with experience in large construction projects adhering to waste management standards and industry certifications. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and review of company documentation. The data analysis approach involved the content analysis research method to interpret and code the verbatim transcriptions of interviews into categories. The 2 principal categories from the study data were material management and planning and the supply chain and logistics. The results of the study yielded evidence of 2 strategies to counteract the material cost overruns, which were to strengthen partnerships with the suppliers and to hold regular audits at the project sites. The implication of this study for social change includes the potential to conserve depleted land minerals and valuable land reserves from becoming landfill by providing construction managers with information about strategies to counteract material cost overruns. Material Cost Overruns Material Management Project Cost Overruns Waste Management Business Finance and Financial Management
6	Výroba lopatek parní turbíny / On the production of blades for steam turbines Chromý, Marek January 2013 (has links) The diploma thesis is focused on solution of technology optimization of steam turbine rotor blades machining. Main goal is to evaluate machining cost accord-ing to change of tools feedrate speed and proposed production technology. During experimental production was monitored the tool wearing VBB of roughing and finishing mill cutter depending on machining time tA. Further, there was evaluated new technology time saving – two piece production and material consumption. The results of experiment are material cost saving and noticeable time reduction for machining of rotor blade, mainly reduction of non-machine working time.
7	Teknikutrymmen på yttertak : Stommaterialets påverkan på materialkostnaden och byggtiden / Plant rooms on roofs : The impact of the structural material on the material cost and construction time Du, Jenny, Sjögren, Freja January 2018 (has links) Byggbranschen strävar ständigt efter effektivisering och optimering som kan minska ett projekts byggkostnad samt byggtid. Byggnationen av teknikutrymmen på yttertak upplevs av både konstruktörer och projektledare som ett moment som har en stor byggkostnad och en lång byggtid. Ett teknikutrymme på yttertak har olika förutsättningar i förhållande till den underliggande byggnad, vilket kan leda till att produktionen fördröjs och att byggtiden förlängs. En förutsättning som skiljer ett teknikutrymme från dess underliggande byggnad är att teknikutrymmets ytterväggar kräver ett indrag från fasadlinjen. Detta gör att teknikutrymmets ytterväggar inte alltid placeras i linje med den underliggande vertikala stommen. De laster som förs ner genom teknikutrymmets ytterväggar skapar punktlaster på teknikutrymmets golvbjälklag. Punktlasterna kan bidra till att golvbjälklaget kräver förstärkningar, vilket är både kostnads- och tidskrävande. En undersökning om stommaterialets påverkan på materialkostnaden och byggtiden för ett teknikutrymme har utförts. I undersökningen analyserades tre olika materialalternativ utifrån förutsättningar och krav som anges i ett specifikt referensprojekt. De material som har analyserats som alternativ för teknikutrymmets stomme är stål, lättelement av trä och betong. Syftet med undersökningen är att analysera vilket stommaterial som är optimalt att använda för teknikutrymmet, med hänsyn till kostnad, tid och bärighet. Resultatet visar att lättelement av trä har den minsta materialkostnaden och att betong har den kortaste byggtiden. Slutsatsen är att det optimala stommaterialet för referensprojektets teknikutrymme är betong. / The construction industry is constantly striving for efficiency and optimization that can reduce a project’s construction cost and construction time. The construction of plant rooms built on roofs is perceived by both structural engineers and project managers as a step in the production that has a big construction cost and a long construction time. A plant room on a roof has other conditions compared to the rest of the building, which can slow down production and the construction time is therefore extended. One condition that separates the plant room from the building is that the plant room’s outer walls require an offset from the facade of the building. This leads to the plantroom’s outer walls not necessarily lining up with the underlying vertical structure. The loads that go down through the plant room’s outer walls create point loads on the plant room’s slab. The point loads could make the slab need strengthening, which is both costly and time-consuming. An investigation into the material of the structural frame's impact on the construction cost and construction time has been carried out. The aim of the investigation is to analyze which structural material is optimal with regards to cost, time and structural capacity. In the investigation three materials were analyzed by the conditions and requirements from a reference project. The chosen materials were a steel frame as well as light elements made from timber and concrete. The result shows that lightweight elements made from timber are the most economic option and concrete is the most time-efficient option. The conclusion is that the optimal structural material for the reference project is concrete. Plant room material analysis steel lightweight elements made from timber concrete cost analysis time analysis optimization material cost. Teknikutrymme materialanalys stål lättelement av trä betong kostnadsanalys tidsanalys optimering tätt hus materialkostnad. Civil Engineering Samhällsbyggnadsteknik
8	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics
9	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics

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