Neste texto é feita uma discussão sobre alguns resultados que fornecem condições suficientes para que um difeomorfismo local, do espaço euclideano n-dimensional nele próprio, seja injetivo. Dentro deste cenário, são exploradas as contribuições destes resultados na tentativa de solucionar conhecidas conjecturas no meio científico como a Conjectura Jacobiana e a Conjectura de Ponto Fixo. Do ponto de vista dinâmico, existem relações entre injetividade global e estabilidade assintótica global. Neste sentido, os resultados também são contextualizados com respeito a importantes conjecturas de estabilidade assintótica: Conjectura de Markus-Yamabe e o Problema de LaSalle / We present some results which give suficient conditions for a local diffeomorphism from the n-dimensional Euclidean space into itself be globally injective. Within this context, we consider some partial results addressed to solve the well known Fixed Point Conjecture and Jacobian Conjecture. From the dynamical point of view, there are connections between global injectivity and global asymptotic stability. In this way, we present a solution of the Markus-Yamabe Conjecture and of the LaSalle Problem

Dizertační práce se zabývá procesy, které jsou řízeny systémy zpožděných diferenciálních rovnic $$x'(t) =f(t,x_t,u),\,\,\,\, t\ge t_{0}$$ kde $t_0 \in \mathbb{R}$, funkce $f$ je definována v jistém podprostoru množiny $[t_0,\infty)\times {C}_{\tau}^{m}\times {\mathbb{R}}^r$, $m,r \in \mathbb{N}$, ${C}_{\tau}^{m}=C([-\tau,0],{\mathbb{R}}^{m})$, $\tau>0$, $x_t(\theta):=x(t+\theta)$, $\theta\in[-\tau,0]$, $x\colon [t_0-\tau,\infty)\to \mathbb{R}^{m}$. Za předpokladu $f(t,\theta_m^*,\theta_r)=\theta_m$, kde ${\theta}_m^*\in {C}_{\tau}^{m}$ je nulová vektorová funkce, $\theta_r$ a $\theta_m$ jsou $r$ a $m$-dimenzionální nulové vektory, je říd\'cí funkce $u=u(t,x_t)$, $u\colon[t_0,\infty)\times _^\to \mathbb^$, $u(t,_m^*)=\theta_r$ určena tak, že nulové řešení $x(t)=\theta_m$, $t\ge t_-\tau$ systému je asymptoticky stabilní a pro libovolné řešení $x=x(t)$ integrál $$\int _{t_}^\omega \left(t,x_t,u(t,x_t)\right)\diff t,$$ kde $\omega$ je pozitivně definitní funkcionál, existuje a nabývá své minimální hodnoty v daném smyslu. Pro řešení tohoto problému byla Malkinova metoda pro obyčejné diferenciální systémy rozšířena na zpožděné funkcionální diferenciální rovnice a byla použita druhá metoda Lyapunova. Výsledky jsou ilustrovány příklady a aplikovány na některé třídy zpožděných lineárních diferenciálních rovnic.

Disertační práce se zabývá asymptotickou stabilitou zpožděných diferenciálních rovnic a jejich diskretizací. V práci jsou uvažovány lineární zpožděné diferenciální rovnice s~konstantním i neohraničeným zpožděním. Jsou odvozeny nutné a postačující podmínky popisující oblast asymptotické stability jak pro exaktní, tak i diskretizovanou lineární neutrální diferenciální rovnici s konstantním zpožděním. Pomocí těchto podmínek jsou porovnány oblasti asymptotické stability odpovídajících exaktních a diskretizovaných rovnic a vyvozeny některé vlastnosti diskrétních oblastí stability vzhledem k měnícímu se kroku použité diskretizace. Dále se zabýváme lineární zpožděnou diferenciální rovnicí s neohraničeným zpožděním. Je uveden popis jejích exaktních a diskrétních oblastí asymptotické stability spolu s asymptotickým odhadem jejich řešení. V závěru uvažujeme lineární diferenciální rovnici s více neohraničenými zpožděními.

The contributions of this thesis lie in the area of global finite-time observer design for a class of nonlinear systems with bounded rational and mixed rational powers imposed on the incremental rate of the nonlinear terms whose solutions exist and are unique for all positive time. In the thesis, two different kinds of nonlinear global finite-time observers are designed by employing of finite-time theory and homogeneity properties with different methods. The global finite-time stability of both proposed observers is derived on the basis of Lyapunov theory. For a class of nonlinear systems with rational and mixed rational powers imposed on the nonlinearities, the first global finite-time observers are designed, where the global finite-time stability of the observation systems is achieved from two parts by combining asymptotic stability and local finitetime stability. The proposed observers can only be designed for the class of nonlinear systems with dimensions greater than 3. The observers have a dynamic high gain and two homogenous terms, one homogeneous of degree greater than 1 and the other of degree less than 1. In order to prove the global finite-time stability of the proposed results, two homogeneous Lyapunov functions are provided, corresponding with the two homogeneous items. One is homogeneous of degree greater than 1, which makes the observation error systems converging into a spherical area around the origin, and the other is of degree less than 1, which ensures local finite-time stability. The second global finite-time observers are also proposed based on the high-gain technique, which does not place any limitation on the dimension of the nonlinear systems. Compared with the first global finite-time observers, the newly designed observers have only one homogeneous term and a new gain update law where two new terms are introduced to dominate some terms in the nonlinearities and ensure global finite-time stability as well. The global finite-time stability is obtained directly based on a sufficient condition of finite-time stability and only one Lyapunov function is employed in the proof. The validity of the two kinds of global finite-time observers that have been designed is illustrated through some simulation results. Both of them can make the observation error systems converge to the origin in finite-time. The parameters, initial conditions as well as the high gain do have some impact on the convergence time, where the high gain plays a stronger role. The bigger the high gain is, the shorter the time it needs to converge. In order to show the performance of the two kinds of observers more clearly, two examples are provided and some comparisons are made between them. Through these, it can be seen that under the same parameters and initial conditions, although the amplitude of the observation error curve is slightly greater, the global finite-time observers with a new gain update law can make the observation error systems converge much more quickly than the global finite-time observers with two homogeneous terms. In the simulation results, one can see that, as a common drawback of high gain observers, they are noise-sensitive. Finding methods to improve their robustness and adaptiveness will be quite interesting, useful and challenging. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

A stochastic operator is a positive linear contraction, P : L1 --+ L1, such that llPfII2 = llfll1 for f > 0. It is called asymptotically stable if the iterates pn f of each density converge in the norm to a fixed density. Pf(x) = f K(x,y)f(y)dy, where K( ·, y) is a density, defines a stochastic kernel operator. A general probabilistic/ deterministic model for biological systems is considered. This leads to the LMT operator P f(x) = Jo - Bx H(Q(>.(x)) - Q(y)) dy, where -H'(x) = h(x) is a density. Several particular examples of cell cycle models are examined. An operator overlaps supports iffor all densities f,g, pn f APng of 0 for some n. If the operator is partially kernel, has a positive invariant density and overlaps supports, it is asymptotically stable. It is found that if h( x) > 0 for x ~ xo ~ 0 and ["'" x"h(x) dx < liminf(Q(A(x))" - Q(x)") for a E (0, 1] lo x-oo then P is asymptotically stable, and an opposite condition implies P is sweeping. Many known results for cell cycle models follow from this. / Mathematical Science / M. Sc. (Mathematics)

Hybrid systems with or without stochastic noise and with or without time delay are addressed and the qualitative properties of these systems are investigated. The main contribution of this thesis is distributed in three parts. In Part I, nonlinear stochastic impulsive systems with time delay (SISD) with variable impulses are formulated and some of the fundamental properties of the systems, such as existence of local and global solution, uniqueness, and forward continuation of the solution are established. After that, stability and input-to-state stability (ISS) properties of SISD with fixed impulses are developed, where Razumikhin methodology is used. These results are then carried over to discussed the same qualitative properties of large scale SISD. Applications to automated control systems and control systems with faulty actuators are used to justify the proposed approaches. Part II is devoted to address ISS of stochastic ordinary and delay switched systems. To achieve a variety stability-like results, multiple Lyapunov technique as a tool is applied. Moreover, to organize the switching among the system modes, a newly developed initial-state-dependent dwell-time switching law and Markovian switching are separately employed. Part III deals with systems of differential equations with piecewise constant arguments with and without random noise. These systems are viewed as a special type of hybrid systems. Existence and uniqueness results are first obtained. Then, comparison principles are established which are later applied to develop some stability results of the systems.

Hybrid systems with or without stochastic noise and with or without time delay are addressed and the qualitative properties of these systems are investigated. The main contribution of this thesis is distributed in three parts. In Part I, nonlinear stochastic impulsive systems with time delay (SISD) with variable impulses are formulated and some of the fundamental properties of the systems, such as existence of local and global solution, uniqueness, and forward continuation of the solution are established. After that, stability and input-to-state stability (ISS) properties of SISD with fixed impulses are developed, where Razumikhin methodology is used. These results are then carried over to discussed the same qualitative properties of large scale SISD. Applications to automated control systems and control systems with faulty actuators are used to justify the proposed approaches. Part II is devoted to address ISS of stochastic ordinary and delay switched systems. To achieve a variety stability-like results, multiple Lyapunov technique as a tool is applied. Moreover, to organize the switching among the system modes, a newly developed initial-state-dependent dwell-time switching law and Markovian switching are separately employed. Part III deals with systems of differential equations with piecewise constant arguments with and without random noise. These systems are viewed as a special type of hybrid systems. Existence and uniqueness results are first obtained. Then, comparison principles are established which are later applied to develop some stability results of the systems.

Submitted by Luiz Cesar Maranho (lc-maranho@bol.com.br) on 2018-10-11T20:16:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final.pdf: 1883342 bytes, checksum: 85a25606a3113b39d6d4354dcaa161d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-10-15T12:39:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 maranho_lc_me_sjrp.pdf: 5069791 bytes, checksum: 2501e6acc67bdd7103eb807f326a4c0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-15T12:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maranho_lc_me_sjrp.pdf: 5069791 bytes, checksum: 2501e6acc67bdd7103eb807f326a4c0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-20 / O mosquito Aedes aegypti é o principal vetor responsável por diversas arboviroses como a dengue, a febre amarela, o vírus zika e a febre chikungunya. Devido a sua resistência, adaptabilidade e proximidade ao homem, o Aedes aegypti é atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no Brasil e nas Américas. Mesmo com os avanços e investimentos em pesquisas com vacinas, monitoramento, campanhas educativas e diversos tipos de controle deste vetor, ainda não existe um método eficaz para controlar e erradicar o mosquito. Portanto, esse trabalho destina-se ao auxílio na criação de estratégias para controlar esse agente transmissor, mediante a análise do espaço de estados e a estabilidade assintótica de uma dinâmica não linear para controle populacional do Aedes aegypti via a técnica de linearização de Lyapunov, além de apresentação de formas de prevenção e combate aos criadouros do mosquito. A dinâmica não linear proposta é uma dinâmica simplificada obtida de um modelo não linear existente na literatura, proposto por Esteva e Yang em 2005 e se baseia no ciclo de vida do mosquito, que é dividido em duas fases: fase imatura ou aquática (ovos, larvas e pupas) e fase alada (mosquitos adultos). Na fase adulta, os mosquitos são divididos em machos, fêmeas imaturas e fêmeas fertilizadas, sendo que a dinâmica proposta nesta dissertação de mestrado é baseada nos estudos efetuados por Reis desde 2016, obtendo um modelo simplificado no qual a soma das densidades das populações de fêmeas imaturas e fêmeas fertilizadas serão consideradas como fêmeas adultas. / The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector responsible for several arboviruses such as dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus and chikungunya fever. Due to its resistance, adaptability and proximity to humans, Aedes aegypti is currently one of the major public health problems in Brazil and the Americas. Even with the advances and investments in research with vaccines, monitoring, educational campaigns and various types of control of this vector, there is still no effective method to control and eradicate the mosquito. Therefore, this work is intended to aid in the creation of strategies to control this transmitting agent by analyzing the state space and the asymptotic stability of a nonlinear dynamics for population control of Aedes aegypti via the Lyapunov linearization technique to present ways of preventing and combating mosquito breeding sites. The proposed nonlinear dynamics is a simplified dynamics obtained from a nonlinear model existing in the literature, proposed by Esteva and Yang in 2005 and based on the life cycle of the mosquito, which is divided into two phases: immature or aquatic phase (eggs, larvae and pupae) and winged phase (adult mosquitoes). In the adult phase, mosquitoes are divided into males, immature females and fertilized females, and the dynamics proposed in this dissertation is based on studies carried out by Reis since 2016, obtaining a simplified model in which the sum of the densities of the populations of females immature and fertilized females will be considered as adult females.

A stochastic operator is a positive linear contraction, P : L1 --+ L1, such that llPfII2 = llfll1 for f > 0. It is called asymptotically stable if the iterates pn f of each density converge in the norm to a fixed density. Pf(x) = f K(x,y)f(y)dy, where K( ·, y) is a density, defines a stochastic kernel operator. A general probabilistic/ deterministic model for biological systems is considered. This leads to the LMT operator P f(x) = Jo - Bx H(Q(>.(x)) - Q(y)) dy, where -H'(x) = h(x) is a density. Several particular examples of cell cycle models are examined. An operator overlaps supports iffor all densities f,g, pn f APng of 0 for some n. If the operator is partially kernel, has a positive invariant density and overlaps supports, it is asymptotically stable. It is found that if h( x) > 0 for x ~ xo ~ 0 and ["'" x"h(x) dx < liminf(Q(A(x))" - Q(x)") for a E (0, 1] lo x-oo then P is asymptotically stable, and an opposite condition implies P is sweeping. Many known results for cell cycle models follow from this. / Mathematical Science / M. Sc. (Mathematics)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoJA_DISSERT.pdf: 636679 bytes, checksum: 3497bfd29c2779ff70f7932b9a308a9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work we have elaborated a spline-based method of solution of inicial value problems involving ordinary differential equations, with emphasis on linear equations. The method can be seen as an alternative for the traditional solvers such as Runge-Kutta, and avoids root calculations in the linear time invariant case. The method is then applied on a central problem of control theory, namely, the step response problem for linear EDOs with possibly varying coefficients, where root calculations do not apply. We have implemented an efficient algorithm which uses exclusively matrix-vector operations. The working interval (till the settling time) was determined through a calculation of the least stable mode using a modified power method. Several variants of the method have been compared by simulation. For general linear problems with fine grid, the proposed method compares favorably with the Euler method. In the time invariant case, where the alternative is root calculation, we have indications that the proposed method is competitive for equations of sifficiently high order. / Neste trabalho desenlvolvemos um m?todo de resolu??o de problemas de valor inicial com equa??es diferenciais ordin?rias baseado em splines, com ?nfase em equa??es lineares. O m?todo serve como alternativa para os m?todos tradicionais como Runge-Kutta e no caso linear com coeficientes constantes, evita o c?lculo de ra?zes de polin?mios. O m?todo foi aplicado para um problema central da teoria de controle, o problema de resposta a degrau para uma EDO linear, incluindo o caso de coeficientes n?o-constantes, onde a alternativa pelo c?lculo de ra?zes n?o existe. Implementamos um algoritmo eficiente que usa apenas opera??es tipo matriz-vetor. O intervalo de trabalho (at? o tempo de acomoda??o) para as equa??es est?veis com coeficientes constantes ?e determinado pelo c?lculo da raiz menos est?vel do sistema, a partir de uma adapta??o do m?todo da pot?ncia. Atrav?s de simula??es, comparamos algumas variantes do m?todo. Em problemas lineares gerais com malha suficientemente fina, o novo m?todo mostra melhores resultados em compara??o com o m?todo de Euler. No caso de coeficientes constantes, onde existe a alternativa baseada em c?lculo das ra?zes, temos indica??es que o novo m?todo pode ficar competitivo para equa??es de grau bastante alto