Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Latex of Calotropis procera was described as a source of pharmacologically active proteins such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity in vitro of proteins (LP) recovered from the latex of the medicinal plant C. procera against human cancer cells and the in vivo growth inhibition of Sarcoma 180. LP exhibited significant cytotoxicity for cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.11 to 1.36 Âg/ml for tested cell lines (HL-60, SF295, HCT-8 and MDA-MB-435). There were no visible effects on the viability or morphology of healthy mononuclear cells exposed to PL (10 Âg / ml) for 72 h, showing that PL was selective for malignant cells. Fractionation of PL by ion exchange chromatography (pH 5.0) gave rise to three new protein fractions (PI, PII and PIII) and almost all cytotoxicity present in PL was retained in fraction PI. The cytotoxic effects of PL and PI were diminished when pre-treated with pronase or 2-mercaptoethanol, reinforcing the protein nature of active molecules. PI was absent on cysteine protease activity, indicating that this enzyme abundantly found in PL is not involved in cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies of LP cytotoxicity using HL-60 cells revealed that PL induces apoptosis probably due to changes in DNA topology since PL interfered in the activity of topoisomerase I. The cytotoxic activity present in PI seems to be performed by the synergic action of different proteins. This hypothesis is suggested since PI subjected to gel filtration chromatography produced distinct protein peaks that shared cytotoxic activity, although with lower extent than PI. Studies on growth inhibition of Sarcoma 180 showed that animals treated with PL by oral (10 or 20 mg/kg) or intraperitoneal (2 or 5 mg/kg) rout reduced tumor growth significantly (up 51.83%, po) and increased life span of transplanted animals for up to four days. The inhibitory activity of tumor growth was lost when the LP was subjected to proteolysis, acidic treatment or collected in iodoacetamide. On the other hand, LP maintained its in vivo activity after heat treatment, suggesting that thermo stable proteins are involved in the suppression of tumor growth. Biochemical parameters such as the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the content of urea in serum were not affected in animals treated with LP. Treatment of animals with LP induced increasing of leukocyte numbers and protected from leukopenia induced by 5-FU administration. In addition, no significant changes in the histopathology of liver of animals treated with oral LP were seen. In vivo antitumor activity was retained in the PII and this activity was observed even when animals received a single dose of PII. It seems that the in vivo action of latex proteins is related to an immunestimulant event and not to the cytotoxic action of protein on cells Sarcoma 180. PII-3, recovered after PII fractionation on ion exchange column at pH 6.0, retained the tumor growth inhibition activity found in PII. PII-3 was shown to possess cysteine proteinase and papain inhibitor activities; however is not completely clear weather this molecules are involved in the antitumor activity. This study confirms the pharmacological potential of latex proteins from C. procera to control the development of tumor cells. / O lÃtex de Calotropis procera foi descrito como uma fonte de proteÃnas farmacologicamente ativas como atividade antiinflamatÃria e analgÃsica. O presente trabalho avaliou a atividade citotÃxica in vitro das proteÃnas (PL) recuperadas do lÃtex da planta medicinal C. procera contra cÃlulas de cÃncer humano e a inibiÃÃo do crescimento do Sarcoma 180 transplantado em camundongos. PL apresentou significante citotoxicidade para as linhagens celulares com valores de IC50 variando entre 0,11 a 1,36 Âg/ml para as linhagens celulares testadas (HL-60, SF295, HCT-8 e MDA-MB-435). NÃo foram observados efeitos visÃveis sobre a viabilidade ou a morfologia de cÃlulas mononucleares saudÃveis expostas a PL (10 Âg / ml) por 72 h, mostrando que PL apresentou seletividade para cÃlulas tumorais. O fracionamento de PL por cromatografia de troca iÃnica (pH 5,0) deu origem a trÃs novas fraÃÃes (PI, PII e PIII) e quase toda citotoxicidade presente em PL ficou retida na fraÃÃo PI. Os efeitos citotÃxicos de PL e PI foram diminuÃdos quando previamente tratados com pronase, ou 2-mercaptoetanol, sugerindo uma natureza protÃica de molÃculas ativas. PI nÃo apresentou atividade de proteinase cisteÃnica, indicando que esta enzima, encontrada em abundÃncia em PL, nÃo està envolvida na citotoxicidade. Estudos do mecanismo da aÃÃo citotÃxica de PL utilizando cÃlulas HL-60 revelou que PL induz apoptose celular provavelmente devido a alteraÃÃes na topologia de DNA, jà que PL interferiu na atividade de topoisomerase I. A atividade citotÃxica presente em PI parece ser desempenhada pela aÃÃo combinada de diferentes proteÃnas uma vez que PI submetida à cromatografia de filtraÃÃo em gel gerou picos protÃicos distintos que compartilharam atividade citotÃxica, embora com menor potÃncia que PI. Estudo de inibiÃÃo do crescimento do Sarcoma 180 revelou que animais tratados com PL por via oral (10 or 20 mg/kg) ou intraperitoneal (2 or 5 mg/kg) reduziram de modo significativo o crescimento do tumor (em atà 51,83%; v.o.) e prolongou o tempo de sobrevivÃncia dos animais transplantados por atà quatro dias. A atividade inibitÃria do crescimento do tumor foi perdida quando a fraÃÃo PL foi submetida à proteÃlise, tratamento Ãcido ou com iodoacetamida. No entanto, PL conservou a sua atividade in vivo apÃs o tratamento tÃrmico, sugerindo que proteÃnas termoestÃveis estÃo envolvidas na supressÃo do crescimento tumoral. Os parÃmetros bioquÃmicos, como a atividade enzimÃtica da aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e o teor de urÃia no soro, nÃo foram afetados nos animais tratados com PL. PL induziu aumento no nÃmero de leucÃcitos de animais tratados e ainda eliminou completamente a leucopenia induzida pela administraÃÃo do 5-FU. Em adiÃÃo, nÃo foram observadas mudanÃas na histopatologia do fÃgado de animais tratados com PL por via oral. Atividade antitumoral in vivo ficou retida no PII e esta atividade foi observada mesmo quando animais transplantados receberam uma Ãnica dose de PII sugerindo que a aÃÃo in vivo de proteÃnas do lÃtex està relacionada a um evento imunoestimunate de proteÃnas e nÃo à aÃÃo citotÃxica sobre as cÃlulas do Sarcoma 180. PII-3, obtido apÃs fracionamento de PII em coluna de troca iÃnica em pH 6,0 reteve a atividade de inibiÃÃo do crescimento tumoral de PII. Esta fraÃÃo possui atividade de proteinase cisteÃnica e atividade de inibidor de papaÃna, porÃm nÃo à completamente claro o envolvimento dessas molÃculas na atividade in vivo. Este estudo confirma o potencial farmacolÃgico das proteÃnas do lÃtex de C. procera para controlar o desenvolvimento de cÃlulas tumorais.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Annonalida, diterpeno primarano isolado das raÃzes de Humirianthera ampla, foi utilizada como molÃcula protÃtipo no preparo de sete derivados por modificaÃÃes quÃmicas. As modificaÃÃes na annonalida envolveram reaÃÃes de substituiÃÃes nucleofÃlicas na hidroxila primÃria ligada ao C-16, transformaÃÃo da carbonÃla (C-15) em oxima, oxidaÃÃo de Baeyer-Villiger e reduÃÃo com borohidreto de sÃdio. Dentre os derivados formados, apenas o acrenol, um dos dois produtos de reduÃÃo com borohidreto de sÃdio, nÃo à inÃdito na literatura. A annonalida e seus derivados semi-sintÃticos foram testados em ensaios de atividade citotÃxica contra as linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais HCT-116 (cÃlon - humano), SF295 (Glioblastoma), HL60 (LeucÃmia promielocÃtica), PC3 (Carcinoma de prÃstata) e HEPG2 (Hepatocarcinoma). Todos os compostos apresentaram IC50 <5 &#956;g/mL em quatro das cinco linhagens testadas. Os melhores resultados foram para os derivados contendo o grupamento oxima em C-15 (ANN-OXIM) e um bromo em C-16 (ANN-BROM) contra a linhagem HL60. / Annonalide, a pimarane diterpene isolated from roots of Humirianthera ampla, was used as a prototype molecule in the preparation of seven derivatives by chemical modifications. Structure modifications at annonalide involved the nucleophilic substitution reactions at the primary hydroxyl attached to C-16, conversion of the carbonyl (C-15) into an oxime, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and reduction with sodium borohydride.Among the derivative compounds, only acrenol, one of the compounds obtained by reduction of annonalide with sodium borohydride, is not new in the literature. Anonnalide and its derivatives were assayed against the cytotoxic cell lines HCT-116 (colon-human), SF295 (glioblastome), HL60 (leucemi), PC3 (prostate) e HEPG2 (hepatocarcinome). All compounds showed IC50 <5 &#956;g/mL against four of the five tested lines. The best results were obtained for the compounds containing the oxyme group at C-15 (ANN-OXIM) and a bromide atom at C-16 (ANN-BROM), both against HL60 cell line.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The present work reports the chemical study related to the stem and the roots of Croton limae, collected in AndaraÃ/BA. The phytochemical investigation of ethanol extract from the stem lead to the isolation of two kaurane-type diterpenes, ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid, two clerodane-type diterpenes, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4&#945;-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and 3-oxo-4&#945;-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodan-12-oic acid, and the flavonoid quercetin 3-O-&#946;-D-glucopyranoside. The investigation of the hexane extract from the roots lead to the isolation of one triterpene, acetyl aleuritolic acid, the new dimer ent-17(&#945;-pinen-10â-yl)-15-oxokauran-18-oic acid, two news clerodane diterpenes, 3-oxo-15,16-epoxy-4&#945;,12-dihydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and 15,16-epoxy-3&#945;,4&#945;,12-trihydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene, one halimane-type diterpene, 15,16-epoxy-3&#945;,12-dihydroxyhalima-5(10),13(16),14-triene and the mixture of steroids &#946;-sitosterol and stigmasterol. From the ethanol extract of the roots, it was possible to isolate the flavonoids kaempferol 3-O-&#946;-glucopyranoside and ombuine 3-O-&#946;-rutinoside and the three new clerodane diterpenes 3&#945;,4&#945;,15,16-tetrahydroxyclerod-13-ene, 6-(&#946;-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4&#945;-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-dieno and 3-oxo-4&#945;,12-dihydroxy-14,15,16-trinorclerodan-13-oic acid. Four aromatic derivatives amides from ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid were prepared through nucleophilic substitutive reactions. The corresponding methyl esters from the ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid were also obtained. Two new derivatives from 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4&#945;-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno were prepared through reduction reaction and another one by the biotransformation of diterpene, made by the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. Some isolated compounds and derivatives were submited to cytotoxic activity using ovarian (OVCAR-8), glioblastoma (SF-295) and colon (HCT-116) cell lines, and the compounds ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid and ent-17(&#945;-pinen-10â-yl)-15-oxokauran-18-oic acid registered activity during preliminaries assays. The secondary metabolites were isolated through usual chromatography techniques, using thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, size exclusion chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The determination of the structure of the isolated compounds was performed through physical (melting point and optical rotation) and spectrometric techniques, such infrared (IR), high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), including bidimensional experiments, and comparison with literature data. / O presente trabalho relata o estudo quÃmico do caule e das raÃzes de Croton limae, coletado no municÃpio de AndaraÃ-BA. A investigaÃÃo fitoquÃmica do extrato etanÃlico do caule levou ao isolamento de dois diterpenos do tipo caurano, Ãcido ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e Ãcido ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico, dois diterpenos do tipo clerodano, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4&#945;-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e Ãcido 3-oxo-4&#945;-hidroxi-13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodan-12-oico, e do flavonoide 3-O-&#946;-D-glicopiranosilquercetina. A investigaÃÃo do extrato hexÃnico das raÃzes levou ao isolamento de um triterpeno, Ãcido acetilaleuritÃlico, do dÃmero inÃdito Ãcido ent-17(&#945;-pinen-10â-il)-15-oxocauran-18-oico, de dois novos diterpenos clerodanos, 3-oxo-15,16-epoxi-4&#945;,12-dihidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e 15,16-epoxi-3&#945;,4&#945;,12-trihidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno, um diterpeno do tipo halimano, 15,16-epoxi-3&#945;,12-dihidroxihalima-5(10),13(16),14-trieno, e da mistura dos esteroides &#946;-sitosterol e estigmasterol. Do extrato etanÃlico das raÃzes foram isolados dois flavonoides, 3-O-&#946;-D-glicopiranosilcanferol e ombuina-3-O-&#946;-rutinosÃdeo, e trÃs diterpenos clerodanos inÃditos, 3&#945;,4&#945;,15,16-tetrahidroxicleroda-13-eno, 6-(&#946;-D-glicopiranosil)-3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4&#945;-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e Ãcido 3-oxo-4&#945;,12-dihidroxi-14,15,16-trinorclerodan-13-oico. Foram preparadas quatro amidas aromÃticas derivadas do Ãcido ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e os respectivos Ãsteres metÃlicos dos Ãcidos ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico. Foram preparados dois derivados reacionais obtidos atravÃs de reaÃÃes de reduÃÃo do diterpeno clerodano 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4&#945;-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e outro atravÃs da biotransformaÃÃo deste diterpeno pelo fungo Rhizopus stolonifer. Alguns compostos isolados e derivados foram submetidos a testes de atividade citotÃxica, utilizando linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais de ovÃrio (OVCAR-8), glioblastoma (SF-295) e colÃn (HCT-116), onde testes preliminares indicaram que os compostos ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico e Ãcido ent-17(&#945;-pinen-10â-il)-15-oxocauran-18-oico apresentaram atividade. Os metabÃlitos secundÃrios foram isolados atravÃs de tÃcnicas cromatogrÃficas usuais, utilizando cromatografia em camada delgada, cromatografia em coluna, cromatografia por exclusÃo molecular e cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia. A determinaÃÃo estrutural foi realizada atravÃs de mÃtodos fÃsicos (ponto de fusÃo e rotaÃÃo Ãptica) e do uso de tÃcnicas espectroscÃpicas e espectromÃtricas como infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas de alta resoluÃÃo e ressonÃncia magnÃtica nuclear de hidrogÃnio (RMN 1H) e carbono-13 (RMN 13C), incluindo experimentos bidimensionais, alÃm de comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura.

This work describes the phytochemical study of Hippeastrum solandriflorum(Amaryllidaceae)aiming the isolation and structural elucidation of new bioactive compounds, as well as its pharmacological investigation. The chemical investigation realized with the EtOH extract from bulbs, through chromatographic methods, including HPLC (reverse phase), resulting inthe isolation of ten compounds: a furan derivative: 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde(HS-1), two phenolic derivatives: piscidic acid (HS-2), eucomic acid (HS-3), and seven isoquinoline alkaloids: narciclasin ( HS-4), 2&#945;-hydroxypseudolycorin (HS-5), 10&#945;-hydroxy homolycorin (HS-6), galantamin (HS-7), sanguinin (HS-8),N-oxid galantamin (HS-9) andnarcissidin (HS10). The alkaloids (HS-5) and (HS-6) are being reported for the first time inthe literature, while the other ones have been isolated for the first time in the investigated species. The structures of all isolated compounds were determined based on spectrometricmethods (IR, HRMS, NMR 1H and13Câ1D and 2D), besides comparison with published data. The cytotoxic potential of all alkaloids were evaluated against several tumor cell lines:colon (HCT-116), leukemia (HL-60), ovary (OVCAR-8) and brain (SF-295) showing IC50ranging from 0.01 to 35.7 &#956;M. / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquÃmico de Hippeastrum solandriflorum (Amaryllidaceae) visando o isolamento e elucidaÃÃo estrutural de novos constituintes quÃmicos bioativos, bem como o estudo farmacolÃgico dos compostos obtidos. A investigaÃÃo quÃmica realizada com o extrato etanÃlico dos bulbos, atravÃs de mÃtodos cromatogrÃficos, incluindo CLAE (fase reversa), resultou no isolamento e identificaÃÃo de dez substÃncias, sendo um derivado do furano: 5-(hidroximetil)furan-2-carbaldeido (HS-1), dois derivados fenÃlicos: acido piscidico(HS-2), acido eucÃmico (HS-3) e sete alcaloides isoquinolÃnicos: Narciclasina (HS-4), 2&#945;-hidroxipseudolicorina (HS-5), 10&#945;hidroxi-homolicorina (HS-6), Galantamina (HS-7), Sanguinina (HS-8),N-oxido galantamina (HS-9), Narcissidina (HS-10). Os alcaloides (HS-5)e (HS-6) esta sendo relatado pela primeira vez na literatura e os demais como sendo inÃditos na espÃcie estudada. As substÃncias isoladas tiveram suas estruturas elucidadas por mÃtodos espectromÃtricos (IV, IES-EM e RMN de1H e13C 1D e 2D), alÃm de comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura. O potencial citotÃxicodos alcaloides isolados foi avaliado frente Ãs linhagens decÃlulas tumorais humanas: cÃlon (HCT-116), leucemia (HL-60), ovÃrio (OVCAR-8) e cÃrebro (SF-295) mostrando valores IC50 variando 0,01â35,7 &#956;M.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / This present work reports the chemical and biological analysis of the stem and leaves from Bauhinia pulchella. In this study, the ethanol extract from stems was obtained by maceration, subjected to chromatographic fractionation, leading to isolation of three flavonoids: (+)-3â,4â-dihydroxyphenyl-chroman-7-ol (BP-2), (-)-fisetinidol (BP-3) and (+)-epicatechin (BP-4); a mixture of triterpenes taraxerone and &#946;-amyrenone (BP-1); a mixture of steroids sitosterol and stigmasterol (BP-5); and a bibenzyl named 2-hydroxy-3â,5â-dimethoxybibenzyl (BP-6). It is notewhorthy to mention that BP-1 and BP-4 substances are unprecedented in the genus, while BP-2 is unpublished. Chemical structures of secondary metabolites obtained were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR; IR and MS associated with comparison of data described in the literature. Chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of B. pulchella, obtained by hydrodistillation, was determined and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC/FID), which identified 95,68% of all constituents. &#945;-pinene (23.89%); caryophyllene oxide (22.43%) and &#946;-pinene (12.19%) were the major components. The essential oil was tested against Aedes aegypti larvae and showed LC50 value of 105.93  1.48 &#956;g/mL. The cytotoxic activity of essential oil was evaluated on human tumor cell lines (HL-60; MCF-7; NCI-H292 and HEP-2) was evaluated, showing IC50 values with confidence intervals of 9.941 (8.238 to 12.00), 53.05 (41.39 to 67.99), 48.98 (44.22 to 54.25) and 50.42 (42.47 to 59.87) &#956;g/mL, respectively and the cell line HL-60 the most sensitive among the cells tested. This is the first report of the chemical study of Bauhinia pulchella, as well the investigation of larvicidal activity and cytotoxicity of the essential oil from its leaves. / O presente trabalho relata o estudo quÃmico e biolÃgico do caule e das folhas de Bauhinia pulchella. Nesse estudo, o extrato etanÃlico do caule, obtido por maceraÃÃo, foi submetido a fracionamento cromatogrÃfico levando ao isolamento de trÃs flavonoides (+)-3â-4âdiidroxifenil-cromano-7-ol (BP-2), (-)-fisetinidol (BP-3) e (+)-epicatequina (BP-4); da mistura de triterpenos taraxerona e &#946;-amirenona (BP-1); da mistura de esteroides sitosterol e estigmasterol (BP-5) e de um bibenzil denominado 2-hidrÃxi-3â-5â-dimetoxibibenzila (BP-6). Cabe ressaltar que as substÃncias BP-1 e BP-4 sÃo inÃditas no gÃnero, enquanto BP-2 à inÃdita na literatura. As estruturas dos metabÃlitos secundÃrios isolados foram elucidadas por RMN 1H e 13C; IV e EM, juntamente com a comparaÃÃo com os dados descritos na literatura. A composiÃÃo quÃmica do Ãleo essencial das folhas de B. pulchella, obtido por hidrodestilaÃÃo, foi determinada e quantificada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e detector de ionizaÃÃo por chama (CG-DIC), sendo, portanto, identificados 95,68% dos seus constituintes: &#945;-pineno (23,89%), Ãxido de cariofileno (22,43%) e &#946;-pineno (12,19%) foram os constituintes majoritÃrios. O Ãleo essencial teve sua atividade larvicida sobre Aedes aegypti avaliada, sendo obtido um valor de CL50 igual a 105,93  1,48 &#956;g/mL. O poder citotÃxico do Ãleo essencial foi avaliado sobre as linhagens tumorais humanas HL-60, MCF-7, NCI-H292 e HEP-2, sendo obtidos valores de CI50 e intervalos de confianÃa iguais a 9,941 (8,238 a 12,00); 53,05 (41,39 a 67,99); 48,98 (44,22 a 54,25) e 50,42 (42,47 a 59,87) &#956;g/mL, respectivamente, sendo a linhagem celular HL-60 a mais sensÃvel dentre as cÃlulas testadas. Este à o primeiro relato do estudo quÃmico de Bauhinia pulchella, bem como da investigaÃÃo da atividade larvicida e citotÃxica do Ãleo essencial de suas folhas.