Thesis (Ph. D.)--Byrn Mawr college, 1918. / Vita.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1932. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-160).

Proefschrift--Utrecht.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Berlin--Technische Universität, 1991. / Bibliogr. p. 147-151.

No description available.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Mainz--Univ. Johannes Gutenberg, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 290-322. Index.

Titus Pomponius Atticus fut l'un des personnages les plus controversés du dernier siècle de la République romaine. Son nom s'inscrivit dans la postérité grâce à la relation d'amicitia qu'il partagea toute sa vie avec le grand orateur Cicéron. Ami des plus hauts dignitaires de son temps, quelles que soient leurs tendances politiques, il se constitua un réseau de relations amicales, qui lui permit de préserver « sa tranquillité » dans un monde marqué par le sceau de guerres civiles impitoyables. Pratiquant un épicurisme modéré, ce romain s'adonna aux plaisirs de l'otium, et tenta d'opérer une symbiose entre les impératifs de sa « condition » et les « exigences » de sa morale. En tant que financier de l'aristocratie, informateur, conseiller politique et libraire-éditeur, cet homme, tel un caméléon, possédait de nombreux talents, qui lui attirèrent la faveur et l'estime de « tous » ses contemporains. Dans un contexte politique aussi troublé et dangereux que celui du premier siècle de la République, menacé à plusieurs reprises, il est ressorti grandi durant chacune de ces guerres qui auraient dû le perdre. En effet, pendant que ses proches étaient précipités dans le malheur, chaque changement de régime consolidait sa position et sa fortune. Véritable exemple de sociabilité, il a joui d'un indéniable pouvoir d'action politique par le biais de ses amitiés. Là où certains se sont obstinés à vouloir changer seulement le présent, il fit preuve d'une habileté et d'une ingéniosité hors du commun. Tel un visionnaire en avance sur son temps, il se contenta d'observer, d'analyser, d'entrevoir l'avenir et de mener, à l'abri des regards indiscrets, une « politique d'action » capable de faire face à la Révolution qui donnerait naissance à l'empire romain. Bien qu'acteur et témoin privilégiés de la destinée de Rome, il afficha une farouche volonté de se maintenir dans l'ombre du pouvoir. Conscient des réalités de son temps et désireux de « rester libre », il était déterminé à « vivre » et à « survivre » selon ses aspirations, à une époque où cela semblait impossible. Cet « homme de l'ombre », même s'il protège encore aujourd'hui le mystère autour de sa personne, se présente comme l'archétype du romain, ayant réussi le parfait syncrétisme entre le « politique » et le « sage », en devenant un des exemples les plus significatifs de la réussite romaine. / Titus Pomponius Atticus was one of the most controversial characters during the last century of the Roman Republic. His name went down in History thanks to his lifelong amicitia, his friendship, with famous roman orator: Cicero. Friend with the highest dignitaries of his time, regardless of their political affiliations, he succeeded in constituting a network of friendly relations which allowed him to preserve his “tranquility”, in a time marked by many ruthless civil wars. Practicing a moderate form of Epicureanism, this Roman man devoted himself to the pleasures of Otium while attempting to make a symbiosis between the duties of his “condition,” and the “demands” of his morality. As a aristocratic financier, an informant, a political adviser, a bookseller and a publisher, this man, like a chameleon, possessed many talents which attracted the favor and esteem of « all » of his contemporaries. In a political context as troubled and dangerous as the First century of the Republic, threatened many times, Atticus managed to come out of each of these wars with an increase stature. Indeed, during that time, while his closest relatives were struck by misfortune with each regime change, Atticus' position and fortune grew stronger and bigger. As a true example of sociability, he enjoyed a real political power through his friendships. Where some insisted on changing only the present, Atticus showed great ability and ingenuity. Like a visionary ahead of this time, he chose to observe, analyze, foresee the future, and to lead a « political action » capable of dealing with the revolution that will give birth to the Roman Empire. Although a privileged actor and witness of the roman fate, he displayed a fierce desire to remain behind the scenes. He was aware of the realities of his time and was eager to « remain free ». He was also determined to “live” and “survive” according to his desires, at a time when this seemed impossible. This « man of the shadows », who until now still remains a mystery for most of us, appears like the perfect roman archetype, having succeeded in creating the ideal fusion between the “ politic” and the “sage”, and in becoming one of the finest and most significant examples of Roman accomplishment.

Chapter 1, 2 of the Noctes Atticae reports how the orator and politician Herodes Atticus silences a boastful young Stoic by citing a diatribe of Epictetus. The article shows that Gellius – unlike his own assertion – does not describe a real experience. Instead he dramatizes the text (Epict. diss. 2, 19), which is the origin of the citation. Comparing both texts one finds details of the scenery described, the characterizations of the protagonists as well as the themes discussed quite similar in both the non-cited parts of Epictetus and the text of Gellius. Particularly interesting in that respect is how Gellius takes up citing and its various aspects as it can be found in his model. Epictetus deals with this theme in a critical way, because in his opinion citations of authorities say nothing about the philosophical qualities of the person who uses them. While Gellius’ praxis of citation is formally modelled very closely on Epictetus’ speech, regarding the content he by no means rejects the use of philosophical citations as weapon to beat an opponent in discussion.

This thesis explores the sophistication of the ancient Roman economy through an analysis of credit instruments in elite finances. The study of the ancient economy is a contentious but important field of study, within which exists a lively scholarly debate. This project seeks to contribute to that debate through the investigation of late republican finances, using Cicero's Letters to Atticus. By studying Cicero's financial maneuvers and commentary, this thesis argues that elite usage of nomina during this time period provides evidence for the existence of a sophisticated elite credit system. Such a system allowed for the development of nomina as flexible credit instruments for Roman elites competing in a fraught socio-political context.

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