Bland äldre patienter i Sverige är undernäring ett problem som växer sig allt större. Forskning har visat att många äldre patienter riskerar att drabbas av ohälsa, minskat välbefinnande och lägre egenvårds kapacitet vid undernäring (Johansson, 2004). Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att genom omvårdnadsforskning belysa sjuksköterskors attityder och kunskaper till nutritionsbehov och nutritionsbedömningar hos äldre patienter över 65 år. En systematisk litteraturstudie valdes som metod, systematisk sökning, kritisk granskning, dataanalys samt sammanställning av vetenskapliga artiklar inom problemområdet gjordes. I dataanalysen framkom teman som sjuksköterskors attityd till nutrition, nutritionsbehov och nutritionsbedömning av äldre patienter. Sjuksköterskors kunskap och utbildning om nutritionens betydelse för patienternas välbefinnande. Resultatet i denna studie visar att nutritionskunskap och utbildning bland sjuksköterskor i dag är otillräcklig. Slutsatsen blir således, för att kunna fastställa och tillgodose äldre patienter nutritionsstatus bör en ökad kompetens utveckling bland sjuksköterskor ske.

Magistro darbe nagrinėjama fizinio ugdymo svarba, jos turinys ir formos aukštojoje mokykloje. Siekta nustatyti VPU kūno kultūros specialybės I kurso studentų socialines nuostatas, ištirti studentų fizinio išsivystymo, fizinio parengtumo ir funkcinio pajėgumo rodiklius per pirmus studijų metus. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti VPU kūno kultūros specialybės I kurso studentų socialines nuostatas ir sportinę adaptaciją pirmaisiais studijų metais. Tiriamasis darbas vyko 2005 – 2006 mokslo metais. Tyrime dalyvavo VPU kūno kultūros specialybės I kurso studentai (n = 68). Tiriamųjų kontingentą sudarė merginos (n = 20) ir vaikinai (n = 48). Apibendrinus anketinės apklausos rezultatus, galima teigti, kad VPU kūno kultūros specialybės I kurso studentai kūno kultūrai ir sportui skiria pakankamai dėmesio. Dar besimokydami vidurinėje mokykloje jie domėjosi sportu, net 55,4% studentų nuo penkių iki dešimties metų lankė pasirinktas sporto šakas. Įstoję į Vilniaus pedagoginį universitetą, dauguma studentų tęsė treniruotes toje sporto šakoje, kurią pasirinko dar mokydamiesi mokykloje. Populiariausia sporto šaka liko krepšinis, ją pasirinko 29,2% studentų. Didelę savo laisvo laiko rezervą jie išnaudoja aktyviai fizinei veiklai. Išsiaiškinome, kad 60% studentų pasirinktos sporto šakos treniruotes lanko 3-4 kartus per savaitę. 64,6% tiriamųjų treniruotės trunka 1,5val. Apklausa rodo, kad ir tolesnę profesinę veiklą dauguma tiriamųjų sieja su pasirinkta specialybe, tik 6,2% studentų dar nežino kur... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The importance of physical education, it’s purport and forms in academy was analyzed in this paper. The purpose was to estimate VPU physical’s education speciality’s freshmen’s social attitudes, to explore student’s physical development’s, physical quolification’s and functional potential’s rates during the first year of studying. The goal of analysis – to examine VPU physical education’s speciality’s freshmen’s social attitudes and sportive adaptation during first year of studying. Investigative work took through year 2005-2006. VPU physical education’s freshmen (n= 68) took part in this fact-finding. The contingent of investigatives was made of girls (n=20) and boys (n=48). Summarizing the results of survey, we can maintain that VPU physical education’s freshmen pays enough attention to physical culture and sport. During their first year of studying in VPU, they continued their participation in chosen sports. The most popular sport was basketball (29,2%). The biggest part of their spare time they used on physical activity as well. We found out, that 60% students choosen sport brauch training attaid 3-4 time per week. 64,6% of testing training last 1,5 hour. The results of survey also shows that majority of these investigatived students associates their further professional practice with chosen speciality, just 6,2% students not yet ingnorance where they can yourself to realize. And are determined to continue to combine their studies with sport trainings (93,9%)... [to full text]

The message that is being preached on the streets on a daily basis is that HIV/AIDS has no cure and that it is a fatal disease. The AIDS pandemic is a serious problem, everybody's concern and nobody's fault. If not attended to accordingly and not controlled properly, the epidemic poses a serious threat to the whole nation, therefore every individual is faced with an enormous challenge, especially young people, since today's youths are tomorrow's future. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is continuing to rob both parents and their children of an opportunity of reaching their last mile of development which is old age. HIV/AIDS is not regarded to be the same as any other disease. The situation is getting out of hand as the HIV/AIDS victims are facing a double jeopardy of fighting for their lives, while at the same time, suffering from negative societal attitudes. They are being discriminated against, rejected, ill-treated and not treated with love and respect Therefore every individual is faced with the huge task of fighting this monster and creating a caring society. A supportive and enabling environment needs to be created so that HIV/AIDS victims can be treated similarly to any other patients. The aim of the study was to explore learners' knowledge of HIV/AIDS and determine their attitudes regarding people living with HIV/AIDS. From the research findings, it was found that learners are knowledgeable about the general facts on the HIV/AIDS pandemic, but that their knowledge concerning certain aspects is limited to some extent, therefore it is deemed necessary to equip and empower them with more and relevant information. With regard to learners' attitudes, it was found that learners have fair and positive attitudes towards people living with AIDS. It is recommended that these positive attitudes and fair knowledge of learners must be sustained. The most effective way to attain this is though education, and schools are the appropriate places to teach young people about HIV prevention. Here they can receive information and skills. It is further recommended that more HIV/AIDS programmes be developed to increase awareness and knowledge with the intention of educating people to recognize and avoid high-risk behaviour. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Die Kinder der staatlichen Kinderhäuser sind eine offene Wunde unserer Gesellschaft. Immer öfters in den höchsten Institutionen wird über diese Probleme diskutiert. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich über aktuelle Fragen der sittlicher Erziehung und moralische Bestimmungen wie einen wichtigen Indikator, der die Sozialisation der Kinder verbessert. Wenn die volljährige Jugendliche diese Kinderheime verlassen und mit einem selbständigen Leben anfangen, wird immer öfters festgestellt, dass sie keine Anpassung an diesem Leben finden. Sie werden verwiesen, entlassen usw. Nach einer nicht erfolgreichen Integration in die Gesellschaft fallen diese Jugendliche zur Alkoholkonsum oder zur verschiedenen Kriminalität. In der Analyse dieser Thematik konnten keine Arbeiten gefunden werden, in denen diese Problematik diskutiert wird. Deshalb wurde eine Untersuchung durchgeführt, wo nach den Möglichkeiten einer besseren Integration dieser Jugendlichen gesucht wurde. Nach der Analyse der wissenschaftlichen Literatur kann man behaupten, dass die moralische Bestimmungen der Kinder der staatlichen Kinderhäuser -Kinderheime lassen denen noch vor der Handlung eine Einschätzung des künftigen Benehmens machen und sich an vorgegeben, herrschenden Bestimmungen stützen. Disposition, innerliche Bedingungen, die eine Position des Menschen aus dem Inneren determiniert, kann die Kinder der Kinderheime zu einigen moralischen Bestimmungen orientieren und damit einen beständigen Verhältnis mit der... [to full text]

The reduction in HIV prevalence in Ghana has been attributed to the increased awareness about the disease which has significantly caused changes in behavior to reduce the people’s risk of HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of some selected demographics variables on HIV-related knowledge, attitude and behavior and also to examine the effect of HIV related knowledge, attitude and behavior on HIV serostatus in Ghana. Using data from Demographic Health Survey on Ghana for 2003, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The results indicated that increasing educational level, increasing wealth and residing in the urban areas were all significantly associated with high HIV knowledge, positive attitude and the practice of less risky sexual behavior. The results also showed that HIV negative individuals were more likely to have higher HIV knowledge, have negative attitude towards people living with HIV and to practice less risky sexual behaviors though none of these was statistically significant.

SUMMARY The aim of the work – to assess doctors’ and nurses’ attitude to quality improvement in primary level health care institutions. Objectives: 1. To access constant quality improvement implementation process in private and public institutions of primary level health institutions. 2. To analyze the attitude of medical workers to health services improvement in private and public primary level health institutions. 3. To assess the influence of social and demographic characteristics to services quality. 4. To present recommendations on services improvement in primary level health care institutions. Research methods. In October 2004 the survey of doctors and nurses of Jonava city public and private institutions was carried on. 161 questionnaires were handed to respondents. 102 (63,5 %) were filled. SPSS 11 version of statistic analyses packet was used to process the result analysis. Diagrams and tables were prepared using Microsoft Excel 2000 program. Results. 96,1% of respondents replied that quality management system is being implemented in their institution. Respondents evaluated quality indexes in private health care institutions better than in public institutions. Comparing doctors’ and nurses’ quality estimations no essential differences were observed. The difference was observed only in evaluation of statement “doctors personally contribute to quality improvement”. The average of nurses’ assessment is (2,23) better than doctors’ (2,89). About 44 % of doctors and... [to full text]

Although explicit attitudes have traditionally been used in predictive models of health behaviour, recent theorizing suggests that implicit attitudes might be more useful in predicting socially undesirable or addictive behaviours. In Studies 1 through 3, smokers’ explicit and implicit attitudes were examined to compare the predictive utility of each. Results confirmed that implicit attitudes are better at predicting impulse-driven behaviours, such as smoking consumption. Consequently, implicit attitudes also predict whether a quit attempt will be successful. In contrast, explicit attitudes are better at predicting deliberative outcomes, such as having intentions to quit, and making planned quit attempts. Extending these findings, in Studies 4 and 5, the effectiveness of a novel affirmation intervention designed to break the association between smoking and stress-reduction is evaluated. Preliminary results demonstrate that an affirmation intervention designed to break the smokers’ reliance on smoking as a means of coping with stress can have beneficial and sustainable effects in cessation outcomes. The impact on smokers’ implicit attitudes as a possible mediating role is discussed. Implications for more effective health interventions are also discussed.

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