At present, augmented reality (AR) isn’t used to any significant degree in Sweden. However, the technology is considered as the next step in digitizing the constructionprocess. The development of AR has come a long way over the years but has not until recently begun to take shape as a tool to rely on. The purpose of the study has been to investigate today's AR technology and then identify its uses in the construction industry. The focus has been on investigating the possibilities of an application to prevent construction errors and coordination flaws, but also to see if the technology is useful in other ways in the construction process. The method used was based on a summary of technical reports of AR technology in a literature study. Applications and future possibilities with the technology have been described while the tracking systems and devices behind the applications have been studied. Interviews were conducted with staff at different positions at the workplace, working closely with the design and production. Based on these interviews, uses, advantages, shortcomings and development opportunities with AR to reduce construction errors have been established. The report points out that there are sufficiently good positioning systems currently available for AR to be applied to a construction site and that these are constantlybeing developed. However, further development of AR applications is required to enable them to meet the functions needed to overcome construction errors and coordination flaws. Even the devices that are most advantageous for the construction industry need more work to increase performance and eliminate possible health risks such as dizziness and nausea in constant use. At present, AR can be applied for simpler tasks such as illustrating models during meetings or for sale. / I dagsläget används inte förstärkt verklighet (AR) i någon markant utsträckning i Sverige. Teknologin anses dock som nästa steg i digitaliseringen av byggprocessen. Utvecklingen av AR har kommit långt under åren men har inte förrän nyligen börjat ta form som ett verktyg att förlita sig på. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka dagens AR teknologi för att sedan identifiera dess användningsmöjligheter inom byggbranschen. Fokuset har legat på att undersöka möjligheterna med en applicering för att förhindra att byggfel och samordningsbrister uppstår men även för att se om teknologin är användbar på andra sätt i byggprocessen. Metoden som användes utgick ifrån en samlad information från tekniska rapporter om tekniken bakom AR i en litteraturstudie. Användningsområden och framtida möjligheter med tekniken har beskrivits samtidigt som de spårningssystem och enheter bakom applikationerna har studerats. Intervjuer utfördes med personal på olika positioner på arbetsplatsen som arbetar nära projekteringen och produktionen. Utifrån dessa intervjuer har användningsområden, fördelar, brister och utvecklingsmöjligheter med AR för att minska byggfel fastställts.Rapporten pekar på att det finns tillräckligt bra positioneringssystem i dagsläget för att AR ska kunna tillämpas på en byggarbetsplats och att dessa kontinuerligt utvecklas. Det krävs emellertid ytterligare utveckling av AR-applikationer för att dessa ska kunna uppfylla de funktioner som behövs för att avstyra byggfel och samordningsbrister. Även de enheter som är mest fördelaktiga att använda för byggbranschen behöver mer arbete för att öka prestandan och avstyra eventuella hälsorisker som yrsel och illamående vid ett konstant användande. I dagsläget kan AR appliceras för simplare uppgifter som att illustrera modeller under möten eller för försäljning.

Les travaux de géolocalisation et d’étude des ouvrages urbains font intervenirdes opérateurs de lever qui doivent manipuler des instruments de topographie, descartographies et des notions métiers complexes. Les erreurs de géolocalisation et deconception d’ouvrages sont fréquentes lorsque les méthodologies de travail ne sont pasrespectées. Ces travaux de thèse CIFRE, réalisés au sein de la société SIG-IMAGE,identifient dans un premier temps les sources d’erreurs lors des phases d’étude puisproposent un processus de lever topographique optimisé, pour réduire ces erreurs. Ilsmettent en évidence l’intérêt de la Réalité Augmentée pour diminuer les erreurs d’édition etd’interprétation de cartographie d’ouvrages. Un prototype est proposé, évalué et critiqué. Ilcouple un dispositif tactile de RA monoculaire géoréférencé avec un laser de topographie. Ilpermet de dessiner et de consulter des plans techniques sur une représentation 2D tempsréel du chantier. Les expérimentations démontrent que ce couplage n’est valide, au regardde la réglementation française, que pour la consultation de données SIG, ainsi que demodèles CAO dans un environnement très proche. Une autre approche est proposée, elleconsiste à recaler les nuages de points denses issus de scanners de topographie, avec lareprésentation orthoscopique 2D temps réel du chantier. Une synthèse des techniques derecalage image-nuage de points est proposée, et nos travaux s’orientent vers l’exploitationdu recalage 2D-2D. Les interactions dans l’environnement augmenté du chantier dépendentalors de son nuage de points. Elles sont géolocalisées et suivent les paradigmes du Picking-Outlining-Annotating. / In the public construction field, surveyors have to manipulate sophisticatedinstruments and maps to design CAD and GIS sketches describing geolocated facilities tobuild on worksite. Geolocation and design inaccuracies happen during these steps and leadto false technical maps. This Ph.D. thesis explains our research works made on behalf ofSIG-IMAGE Company. We first identify origins of inaccuracies during survey, then wepropose a new and optimized survey method that improves CAD and GIS accuracy on field.We explain to what extend Augmented Reality is able to improve technical mapsinterpretation and edition. We present, evaluate and criticize a prototype that couples atangible AR environment with a laser range finder. It allows one to draw technical sketcheson a 2D tangible real time view of worksites. Experiments have proven that it does not satisfyFrench regulation in terms of accuracy when editing maps. However it is accurate enough todisplay and edit GIS information, as well as CAD maps in a very close area. We then exploreanother approach consisting of matching the scanner’s dense point cloud with the real time2D view of the worksite. We propose a synthesis of alignment practices between point cloudsand images of a same scene. Finally we have chosen to explore 2D-2D registration so thatinteractions in our AR system would be based on the point cloud pre-processed discreterepresentation of the worksite. These interactions will be geolocated and will follow thePicking-Outlining-Annotating paradigm.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is to identify the usage of augmented reality in contemporary marketing practice and the expectations of marketers for the future use. This will be achieved by conducting a quantitative and qualitative research among existing creative and advertising companies. Secondary goal is introducing the concept of augmented reality from the theoretical point of view and also description of potential utilization based on known examples. The tools for the practical part are an online questionnaire and personal interviews.

Cette thèse a été réalisée sous convention CIFRE dans la cadre d’un partenariat entre la société MaxSea et le pôle recherche de l’ESTIA. La demande exprimée initialement par la société évoquait la nécessité d’améliorer la sécurité à bord des navires, autant d’un point de vue matériel et environnemental qu’humain. Ces travaux de thèse se situent donc au croisement de plusieurs domaines que sont la Réalité Augmentée, la Réalité Virtuelle, les systèmes d’information géographique, le génie logiciel, le traitement d’image et les sciences humaines et sociales. Le premier axe de ce mémoire concerne les apports relatifs à l’amélioration des connaissances du domaine de la réalité augmentée. Nous présentons dans ce chapitre les fondements de la réalité augmentée. Nous proposons, basés sur nos définitions et sur les travaux en réalité virtuelle, notre modèle d’interaction et d’immersion en réalité augmentée nommé 3i2RA.L’axe suivant permet de préciser la problématique liée à l’utilisation d’un système d’aide à la navigation par un état de l’art spécifique aux systèmes d’information géographique. Le troisième axe présente nos apports méthodologiques concernant la conception d’un outil d’aide à la navigation. L’objectif est de proposer une méthode permettant d’interfacer la modélisation des activités des navigateurs et une méthode agile de développement d’un logiciel. Pour illustrer notre méthode, après une présentation rapide de la méthode “Scrum”, nous présentons un cas pratique de conception d’un système d’information géographique pour l’aide à la navigation pour lequel nous nous sommes rapprochés de la Société Nationale de Sauvetage en Mer (SNSM).Enfin, le dernier axe présente nos apports technologiques mis en œuvre afin de réaliser les fonctionnalités demandées. Nous allons présenter dans ce chapitre l’architecture logicielle basée sur trois composants principaux et l’architecture matérielle de notre Système d’Information Géographique Maritime Augmenté, SIGMA. Nous présentons un cadre d’application de SIGMA pour la surveillance du trafic maritime. / This thesis was carried out under CIFRE partnership between the MaxSea company and the research ESTIA laboratory. The initial request made by the company referred to the need to improve safety on ships. This research thesis are at the crossroads of several areas such as Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, geographic information systems, software engineering, image processing and social sciences. The first axis concerns the contributions to the improvement of knowledge in the field of augmented reality. In this chapter we present the foundations of augmented reality. We propose, based on our definitions and the work in virtual reality, our model of interaction and immersion in augmented reality, named 3i2RA.The next axis is used to specify the issues related to the use of navigational aids. The third axis presents our methodological contributions in the design of an aid to navigation. The goal is to provide a method for interfacing modeling activities and a method of agile software development. To illustrate our method, we present a practical design of a geographic information system for the navigation aid for which we approached the National Society Rescue Sea (SNSM).The last line shows our technological approach to achieve the required functionality. We will present in this section the software architecture based on three main components and the hardware architecture of our Geographic Information System Enhanced Maritime, SIGMA. We present a use case of SIGMA for traffic monitoring.

Denna studie undersöker hur wayfinding i offentliga inomhusmiljöer kan förenklas med hjälp av Augmented Reality (AR) i kombination med rumsliga och visuella vägledningselement. Detta genom rumsanalys, notationer, litteraturstudier, test av två användbarhetsprototyper samt kvalitativa intervjuer. Platsen för studien är Munktellarenan i Eskilstuna, och målgruppen är förstagångsbesökare. Syftet är att förenkla orienterbarheten i Munktellarenan, samt att undersöka vilka möjligheter AR-teknik kan erbjuda kommuner, när det gäller kombinationen av digital och fysisk wayshowing i liknande offentliga miljöer. Ett gestaltningsförslag presenteras genom skisser och bilder från en 3D-modell. Resultatet av studien och ett förslag till riktlinjer vid wayfinding med AR diskuteras.

This thesis presents a usability evaluation of a non conventional way to visualize virtual objects in Augmented Reality (AR). The virtual objects consists of a window that can be placed on a real surface and then opened to view a virtual room containing some virtual objects. This concept was applied to a smartphone application created and designed to evaluate the usability of the concept. The usability was evaluated with user testing methods designed to gather information about the interaction and the perception of handheld Augmented Reality (HAR) applications. The usefulness of the concept was also evaluated by designing the application to be intended for entertainment and then evaluating the users interest for such an application. Design guidelines and design patterns created for HAR applications was followed when designing the application. The results of this project has shown that the concept is easy to both comprehend and interact with. This applies to users with previous smartphone experience but not much experience with AR. The results has also shown that smartphone users find an interest in using an application of this type. An application designed for entertainment and with the described concept. The purpose of evaluating this concept has been to verify its usefulness to promote its use in AR applications. This would create a variety in the visualization of virtual objects in AR. It would also open up for new opportunities in the use of AR.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-08-23T00:23:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao- Ad?lia Corrigida.pdf: 2614314 bytes, checksum: e8daf89c12010bddf4b356264efe1efe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T00:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao- Ad?lia Corrigida.pdf: 2614314 bytes, checksum: e8daf89c12010bddf4b356264efe1efe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-12 / In current times, the computer has been trying to, every day, make the reality that in a few years ago was considered a fiction. In this way, technicians and researchers have conducted studies in order to make it possible to expand and its cheapening, making them increasingly accessible and, consequently, popular. Today we have computers by submerging the various segments of society; homes and work environments are increasingly invaded by these cyberspace. The technology surprises with new equipment and software that some time ago were used separately. However, with the expansion and the growth that is happening in the world, the technology is moving in the direction of convergence, integration and multifunctional devices. As the computer is adapted to the different sectors of society, is entirely understandable and common accept that the school also make part of the globalized world and digital. Augmented Reality is a technology to introduce virtual objects with the real scenes. In this way, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality can be considered as two areas directly connected with the new generations of the user interface, facilitating and enhancing the user's interactions with the computational applications. The use of Augmented Reality in the production of educational content contributes, notably, to facilitate learning because it makes an explanation more attractive and dynamic in relation to traditional forms of education. In spite of the Augmented Reality be used widely in various fields and areas of knowledge, mainly as a form of virtual tours that feature three-dimensional objects, has emerged a new generation of interface, to the extent that, using dimensional representations closer to the reality on the user, allows to break the barrier of the screen; in addition to interactions more natural. Astronomy is the science responsible for the study of the Universe, as it is constituted, and also for the formation of stars and their relations. Is the area of science that seeks to worry about the form, the distance, the greatness, in addition to the organization, origin, evolution, and still, composition and movement of all celestial bodies. Your study, particularly on the planets and the constellations, it is challenging for many students, however, it presents difficulties involve the identification and their relative positions that change constantly, throughout the year. Thus, the objective of this work is to develop an application (JMA - Memory Game in Astronomy) using the technology of Augmented Reality, facing the students of the first cycle of the initial series of Basic Education, applying it and analyzing the use of this tool; creating a differentiated situation in relation to process traditional educational and emphasizing the collaborative work. / Nos tempos atuais, a inform?tica vem tentando, a cada dia, tornar realidade o que em alguns anos atr?s era considerada uma fic??o. Dessa forma, t?cnicos e pesquisadores t?m desenvolvido estudos a fim de possibilitar a expans?o e o seu barateamento, tornando-a cada vez mais acess?vel e, consequentemente, popular. Hoje percebemos os computadores submergindo os diversos segmentos da sociedade; lares e ambientes de trabalho s?o cada vez mais invadidos por esses ciberespa?os. A tecnologia surpreende com novos equipamentos e softwares que h? algum tempo eram utilizados de forma separada. Por?m, com a expans?o e o crescimento que vem acontecendo no mundo, ? tecnologia caminha na dire??o da converg?ncia, integra??o e equipamentos multifuncionais. Como a inform?tica se adaptou aos diferentes setores da sociedade, ? totalmente compreens?vel e comum aceitar que a escola tamb?m fa?a parte do mundo globalizado e digital. A Realidade Aumentada ? a tecnologia de introduzir objetos virtuais com as cenas reais. Dessa forma, Realidade Virtual e Realidade Aumentada podem ser consideradas como duas ?reas diretamente ligadas com as novas gera??es de interface do usu?rio, facilitando e potencializando as intera??es do usu?rio com as aplica??es computacionais. A utiliza??o da Realidade Aumentada na produ??o de conte?dos educativos contribui, notadamente, para facilitar a aprendizagem visto que torna uma explica??o mais atrativa e din?mica em rela??o ?s formas tradicionais de ensino. Apesar de a Realidade Aumentada ser utilizada largamente em diversos campos e ?reas do conhecimento, principalmente como forma de passeios virtuais que disp?em de objetos tridimensionais, vem surgindo uma nova gera??o de interface, na medida em que, usando representa??es tridimensionais mais pr?ximas da realidade do usu?rio, permite romper a barreira da tela, al?m de possibilitar intera??es mais naturais. A Astronomia ? a ci?ncia respons?vel pelo estudo do Universo, de como ? constitu?do e tamb?m da forma??o dos astros e suas rela??es. ? a ?rea da ci?ncia que busca se preocupar com a forma, ? dist?ncia, a grandeza, al?m da organiza??o, origem, evolu??o, e ainda, composi??o e movimento de todos os corpos celestes. O seu estudo, particularmente sobre os planetas e as constela??es, ? instigante para muitos discentes, por?m apresenta dificuldades por envolver a identifica??o e suas posi??es relativas, que se alteram constantemente, ao longo do ano. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho ? desenvolver um aplicativo (JMA ? Jogo de Mem?ria em Astronomia) utilizando a tecnologia da Realidade Aumentada, voltado para os alunos do primeiro ciclo das s?ries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, aplicando-o e analisando o uso dessa ferramenta; criando uma situa??o diferenciada em rela??o ao processo educacional tradicional e enfatizando o trabalho colaborativo.

Denna studie är en inventering av tre lösningar till hur det digitala kan sättas in i ett livekonsertsammanhang, med hjälp av bland annat AR. Studien undersöker genom en videoanalys, de tre virtuella artisterna Gorillaz, Hatsune Miku och K/DAs liveuppträdanden. Tre konsertvideor från ett särskilt tillfälle med motsvarande musikvideo användes som material för analysen. Utifrån frågeställningen undersöks hur de olika semiotiska fälten samspelar, samt ett avsnitt där sambandet mellan grafisk design och AR diskuteras. Frågorna som studien fokuserat på är hur den digitala aspekten av en virtuell artist återges vid livekonserten, samt hur den virtuella artisten kan interagera med såväl levande musiker som med publiken. Analysen visar att alla tre exempel interagerar med publiken i olika mån. Hur den digitala artisten tolkas och återges vid en livekonsert löses genom olika teknologier och med olika metoder. Trots de tydliga skillnaderna har de en sak gemensamt: trots att artisten är virtuell gör samspelet med publiken konsertupplevelsen verklig.

<div>Computer visualization can effectively deliver instructions to a user whose task requires understanding of a real world scene. Consider the example of surgical telementoring, where a general surgeon performs an emergency surgery under the guidance of a remote mentor. The mentor guidance includes annotations of the operating field, which conventionally are displayed to the surgeon on a nearby monitor. However, this conventional visualization of mentor guidance requires the surgeon to look back and forth between the monitor and the operating field, which can lead to cognitive load, delays, or even medical errors. Another example is 3D acquisition of a real-world scene, where an operator must acquire multiple images of the scene from specific viewpoints to ensure appropriate scene coverage and thus achieve quality 3D reconstruction. The conventional approach is for the operator to plan the acquisition locations using conventional visualization tools, and then to try to execute the plan from memory, or with the help of a static map. Such approaches lead to incomplete coverage during acquisition, resulting in an inaccurate reconstruction of the 3D scene which can only be addressed at the high and sometimes prohibitive cost of repeating acquisition.</div><div><br></div><div>Augmented reality (AR) promises to overcome the limitations of conventional out-of-context visualization of real world scenes by delivering visual guidance directly into the user's field of view, guidance that remains in-context throughout the completion of the task. In this thesis, we propose and validate several AR visual interfaces that provide effective visual guidance for task completion in the context of surgical telementoring and 3D scene acquisition.</div><div><br></div><div>A first AR interface provides a mentee surgeon with visual guidance from a remote mentor using a simulated transparent display. A computer tablet suspended above the patient captures the operating field with its on-board video camera, the live video is sent to the mentor who annotates it, and the annotations are sent back to the mentee where they are displayed on the tablet, integrating the mentor-created annotations directly into the mentee's view of the operating field. We show through user studies that surgical task performance improves when using the AR surgical telementoring interface compared to when using the conventional visualization of the annotated operating field on a nearby monitor. </div><div><br></div><div>A second AR surgical telementoring interface provides the mentee surgeon with visual guidance through an AR head-mounted display (AR HMD). We validate this approach in user studies with medical professionals in the context of practice cricothyrotomy and lower-limb fasciotomy procedures, and show improved performance over conventional surgical guidance. A comparison between our simulated transparent display and our AR HMD surgical telementoring interfaces reveals that the HMD has the advantages of reduced workspace encumbrance and of correct depth perception of annotations, whereas the transparent display has the advantage of reduced surgeon head and neck encumbrance and of annotation visualization quality. </div><div><br></div><div>A third AR interface provides operator guidance for effective image-based modeling and rendering of real-world scenes. During the modeling phase, the AR interface builds and dynamically updates a map of the scene that is displayed to the user through an AR HMD, which leads to the efficient acquisition of a five-degree-of-freedom image-based model of large, complex indoor environments. During rendering, the interface guides the user towards the highest-density parts of the image-based model which result in the highest output image quality. We show through a study that first-time users of our interface can acquire a quality image-based model of a 13m $\times$ 10m indoor environment in 7 minutes.</div><div><br></div><div>A fourth AR interface provides operator guidance for effective capture of a 3D scene in the context of photogrammetric reconstruction. The interface relies on an AR HMD with a tracked hand-held camera rig to construct a sufficient set of six-degrees-of-freedom camera acquisition poses and then to steer the user to align the camera with the prescribed poses quickly and accurately. We show through a study that first-time users of our interface are significantly more likely to achieve complete 3D reconstructions compared to conventional freehand acquisition. We then investigated the design space of AR HMD interfaces for mid-air pose alignment with an added ergonomics concern, which resulted in five candidate interfaces that sample this design space. A user study identified the aspects of the AR interface design that influence the ergonomics during extended use, informing AR HMD interface design for the important task of mid-air pose alignment.</div>

abstract: While significant qualitative, user study-focused research has been done on augmented reality, relatively few studies have been conducted on multiple, co-located synchronously collaborating users in augmented reality. Recognizing the need for more collaborative user studies in augmented reality and the value such studies present, a user study is conducted of collaborative decision-making in augmented reality to investigate the following research question: “Does presenting data visualizations in augmented reality influence the collaborative decision-making behaviors of a team?” This user study evaluates how viewing data visualizations with augmented reality headsets impacts collaboration in small teams compared to viewing together on a single 2D desktop monitor as a baseline. Teams of two participants performed closed and open-ended evaluation tasks to collaboratively analyze data visualized in both augmented reality and on a desktop monitor. Multiple means of collecting and analyzing data were employed to develop a well-rounded context for results and conclusions, including software logging of participant interactions, qualitative analysis of video recordings of participant sessions, and pre- and post-study participant questionnaires. The results indicate that augmented reality doesn’t significantly change the quantity of team member communication but does impact the means and strategies participants use to collaborate. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2020