The aim of this diploma thesis is to identify, propound, create and verify own educational models and aids usable for teaching physics. Models and aids are selected according to the Framework Educational Program for the second grade of elementary school. Models already created are verified and described, alternatively modified.

In 3D and 2D animations walk cycles of characters appear very frequently and are an important way of expressing various aspects of the story told. However walk cycles are tedious and time consuming to animate. In this work an Autodesk MAYA plug-in has been developed, that aims at automating this process. The walk cycle plug-in can be highly beneficial for animators when creating convincing walk cycles in a fast and simple way. The plug-in calculates the right values for each phase in the walk cycle. The GUI of the plug-in makes it easy to provide the required input parameters. In addition, the plug-in allows the animation of a character to walk along a chosen path.

Nya filmer som skapas innehåller mer och mer datorgenererade bilder och många filmer skapas även helt den digitala vägen, detta innebär att det krävs en rad olika dyra licenser för program och verktyg för att kunna skapa bra filmer. Genom ett projekt där en kortfilm skapas helt i 3D med en så låg budget som möjligt och som dessutom ska använda sig av Motion Capture som animerings-teknik så krävs det ett bra alternativ till att tillverka ett eget Motion Capture system för att så lite pengar som möjligt ska spenderas. Genom använding av Playstation kameror och lånade material kan ett billigt Motion Capture system tillverkas, samtidigt som kostnaden för kortfilmen hålls så låg som möjligt. Hur många timmar som lagts ned på modellering av objekt till filmen kan jämföras med ett uppskattat pris för anställning av professionell hjälp och dessutom se om detta verkligen är ett lönsamt alternativ istället för att skapa sina egna modeller till filmen.

For years, game companies have been using different programs for the creation of the newest most inspiring games. A short presentation about different programs used for game art is provided with key aspects in developing art for games in character production. One aim is to showcase the potential of open-source programs. Two projects with two different characters were created for games testing the workflow between open-source, free application and also commercial programs. The results of the projects are discussed and then the document focuses on explaining what the negative side of open-source programs is and why they should not be used. After the discussion, a conclusion is made explaining the similarities and differences between open-source and commercial programs.

Målet med projektet var att undersöka hur skeletal animationer utförs. Ett mål till var att det skulle vara förbestämda animationer. För att kunna ha förberäknade animationer användes autodesk fbx-filer. Skinningen har använt dubbel kvaternioner istället för matriser.Rapporten visar att skeletal animation med dubbel kvaternion skinning teknik kan utföras genom att använda fbx-filer med data som först exporterats till json-format.

The aim of this thesis is creation of 3D model by a selected program. In the introduction of the thesis is a brief description of chosen object – St. Václav's temple in Brno. Next follows preparation works before measuring, creating of measuring net by GNSS and measuring of object by tachymetric method. In the following chapters is briefly described 2D and 3D computer graphic and program AutoCAD Civil 3D, which was used for create resulting model of the object.

This project is centered around the use of finite element analysis for developing a beam for a new type of motor used in a screening machine. Essentially the main purpose of the developed beam is to transfer vibrations to the screen machine that it will be attached to. Since the machine operates on vibrations from the motor, the beam was to be designed with material fatigue in mind, which demanded examination of stresses in the welded joints of the beam. Concepts were generated with a specification of requirements as a basis, and the concepts were then analysed with finite element analysis. The results from this analysis were compared and a final design choice was selected. Since the beam will be subjected to varying fatigue loads, an S-N curve was needed to gain information of the material’s cyclic stress versus life. Most S-N curves are accessible through literature or databases, however, there are some materials that do not have an S-N curve available. If that is the case then the designer has the option to estimate one using ultimatetensile strength and the material’s fatigue limit. Hence, an S-N curve was estimated in this project.

This thesis investigates the possibilities of using hybrid ventilation in an office building in Stockholm. The focus is on simulating the natural airflow to find out for which conditions it is sufficient. The thesis is done at White Arkitekter AB in cooperation and under the supervision of environmental specialists working there. A literature study is carried out to study what has been done before in Sweden as well as in other countries. Computer simulations are used to simulate the airflow to examine the conditions and architecture. A synthetic computer model representing a realistic office building is built up as a starting point. The ventilation method for the natural ventilation part is to take air in through the fa\c{c}ade and use the stack effects in an atrium for natural ventilation. By altering the architecture and the sizes of the openings according to the results from the simulations the building is dimensioned and formed to cope with the rules and requirements about the indoor air quality in workplaces. The simulations are done with a multi zone energy performance simulation tool that can simulate airflows and indoor air climate conditions in the zones as well as the energy consumption. Computational fluid dynamics calculations are then used to more closely simulate the conditions within the zones. The results from those simulations suggest that the natural ventilation as a part of a hybrid ventilation works for all the floors of the building for up to 10$\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. The computational fluid dynamics simulations showed that the thermal comfort of all the occupants is fulfilled for these conditions but there is a risk of occupants experiencing draught because of to high velocities in the air especially for the colder outdoor temperatures. For the higher outdoor temperatures the airflow needs to be enforced to ensure sufficient conditions for the occupants and for the colder temperatures mechanical ventilation is needed to decrease heat losses and avoid the risk of draught.

Context Autodesk Maya is currently an industry-leading 3D-modelling software. It has a multitude of features that enables the modification of mesh topology. However, it doesn't have native support for remote topology exchange via a network connection. Objectives The objective of the research is to find a solution for online topology exchange between two users within Autodesk Maya using a peer-to-peer connection. Methods The presented research implements such a feature by exploring and evaluating different possibilities. Thereafter a user evaluation is executed to measure the efficiency of the developed solution against an already existing solution. Results The results show that online topology exchange could be implemented by utilizing the Maya C++ API, a peer-to-peer TCP connection, and a custom-made topology exchange system. The user evaluation shows that the developed solution is less time-efficient than an already existing method. Conclusion Online topology exchange was and could be developed. While it worked as expected, it contained several problems identified during the user evaluation. This resulted in it being slower than an already existing solution. However, the implementation could potentially be improved to reduce the time.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional gráfico-interativa para a verificação de vigas de concreto protendido com pós-tração aderente ao estado limite de serviço, de acordo com a norma brasileira NBR 6118:2014. A ferramenta é uma extensão (addin) para o Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional , que serve como plataforma de modelagem estrutural. A partir de dados fornecidos pelo usuário através de uma interface gráfica, o programa desenvolvido calcula todas as perdas de protensão que ocorrem ao longo da vida-útil da estrutura, assim como os carregamentos equivalentes à protensão durante este período. O trabalho apresenta os métodos de cálculo tradicionais das perdas imediatas e diferidas, obtidos da NBR 6118, e as modificações que tiveram que ser feitas para permitir um cálculo incremental. Exemplos de utilização do programa e dos cálculos necessários também são apresentados e comprovam, pelos bons resultados obtidos, o acerto na escolha da metodologia escolhida. Como resultado, a ferramenta apresenta duas saídas: uma planilha contendo os esforços e as tensões atuantes na viga ao longo de sua vida-útil e verificações destes valores em relação aos limites estabelecidos para o estado limite de serviço; e o modelo estrutural no Robot apresenta os carregamentos equivalentes da protensão. O usuário pode então adotar estes carregamentos em demais cálculos da estrutura, enquanto a planilha pode ser utilizada para verificar com facilidade se a protensão atende às condições de serviço. / [en] This work presents the development of an interactive graphics computational tool for the verification of prestressed concrete beams with posttensioned bonded tendons to the serviceability limit state stress check according to the Brazilian code NBR 6118:2014. The tool is an add-in for Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professionalr, which serves as a structural modeling platform. With data supplied by the user through a graphics user interface, the program here developed calculates all relevant prestress losses that occur throughout the structure s life-cycle, along with the prestressing s equivalent loads during this period. The traditional calculation methods, obtained in the NBR 6118, are presented along with the modifications which had to be implemented in order to allow for incremental loss calculations. Usage examples and the necessary calculations are presented and, through the results obtained, validate the adopted methodology. As results, the program presents two outputs: a spreadsheet containing the resultant forces and stresses and a check of these values with respect to the permissible stresses in the serviceability limit state; and the Robot model presents the prestress equivalent loads. The user may then use these loads in additional calculations. The spreadsheet may be used to easily check if the prestress is sufficient with respect to serviceability conditions.