The aim of this Master's thesis is to define the particular modes of public tenders in the Czech republic. The awarding of the public tenders represents special mean of concluding the public contracts governed by the Act N. 137/2006 Coll. This thesis concentrates mainly on the description of the particular methods of awarding the public tenders, the conditions required for their use as well as on the procurement procedure itself. The awarding procedure is characterized in accordance with the European judicial decisions, Czech case law and also the decisions of the Office for Protection of Competition. In relation to the newly adopted European directives the thesis analyses also the changes that are brought by these directives to the subject matter.

The topic of this diploma thesis is The course of restricted bidding procedure in public procurement. It is one of nine types of award procedures which are allowed by act on public procurement. The thesis is compiled with respect to short effectiveness of new Act. Nr. 134/2016 Coll., on public procurement, its main legislative source, which is however on many places compared to foregoing Act. Nr. 137/2006 Sb., on public procurement, as amended. In the first section of the thesis there is short excursion into history of public procurement. Second part is dealing with legislation regulating public procurement, namely European legislation, local laws and decrees. Third section is defining major terms relating to public procurement. In fourth section the discussed issues are being narrowed down to above-the-threshold public contracts, by which the usage of the restricted procedure is not limited by any conditions as other types of award procedures usually are. All other types of award procedures which can the contracting entity chose for above-the-threshold public contracts are shortly discussed in this section. Fifth section is discussing initiation of award procedure, submission of requests to participate, tenders, their submission and opening. Sixth part is dedicated to assessment of tenders and...

Thesis (MPA.) --University of Limpopo, 2005 / Refer to document

À partir du cas des attributions de logements sociaux, cette thèse s’intéresse aux questions de tri et de sélection dans l’action publique. Elle analyse la manière dont sont choisis les futurs locataires HLM et dont se construisent les discriminations dans l’accès au logement social. Elle éclaire l’émergence de critères d’attribution contraires au droit et explique leur récurrence au niveau local. L’enquête s’appuie sur une ethnographie comparée de trois agglomérations françaises et six organismes HLM. Elle repose sur des observations directes, des entretiens auprès de professionnels du logement social, des analyses documentaires et statistiques. Ses résultats soulignent d’abord la faiblesse du pouvoir normatif de l’État et discutent l’hypothèse d’une ruse de la mise en œuvre. En examinant les conditions d’élaboration des règles au niveau méso, la thèse identifie ensuite plusieurs régimes de tri des ménages en fonction des caractéristiques du contexte local et des modalités d’association entre élus, bailleurs et acteurs économiques. L’étude des pratiques professionnelles précise, enfin, les paramètres qui influencent les modalités de catégorisation des usagers au guichet. Elle montre que l’attribution des logements n’est discrétionnaire et discriminatoire que dans certaines configurations spécifiques, en fonction des marges de manœuvre dont dispose le bailleur, de l’état du patrimoine social et des comportements des street-level bureaucrats. Les régularités constatées dans la mise en œuvre sont finalement expliquées par le poids des contraintes institutionnelles et la culture professionnelle des agents de terrain. / Through the example of social housing allocations, this dissertation examines the issues surrounding sorting and selection within public policy. It analyses how new social housing tenants are chosen and how discriminations play within the access to social housing. It highlights the rise of illegal allocation criteria and explains their recurrence at the local level. The study builds upon a comparative ethnography within three French conurbations and six social housing authorities. It gathers direct observations, interviews with social housing practitioners, as well as documents and statistical analyses. Its results firstly show the weakness of the normative power of the State and discuss the hypothesis of an implementation trick. Focusing on the establishment conditions of rules, at the meso level, the dissertation then identifies multiples regimes of households sorting, depending on the characteristics of the local context and of the collaborations between elected officials, housing authorities and economic actors. Studying precisely professional practices finally allows to precise the parameters that influence sorting processes of welfare agencies’ window users. It decomposes how housing allocation is discretionary and discriminatory only in some specific configurations, depending on the room of manoeuvers of the housing authority, the state of the social housing stock and the behaviours of street-level bureaucrats. The witnessed regularities in the implementation of public policy are finally explained by the significance of the institutional constraints and of the professional culture of civil servants.

To achieve its goals, the State requires the voluntary collaboration of individuals, which takes form of an administrative contract, whose award is often disrupted by administrative corruption. Public tendering stands out among the mechanisms to prevent and fight administrative corruption in the award of administrative contracts. / Para alcanzar sus fines, el Estado requiere de la colaboración voluntaria de los particulares, lo cual se concreta mediante el contrato administrativo, cuya adjudicación suele verse trastocadas por el flagelo de la corrupción. Entre los mecanismos utilizables para evitar y combatir la corrupción administrativa en la adjudicación de los contratos administrativos, destaca la licitación pública.

Thesis deals with the position and proceedings of the Czech Trade Inspection (CTI). The introductory chapter discusses the theoretical and general bases associated with the role and activities of the CTI in public administration as a public authority, forms of administrative activities and administrative supervision. Afterwards, the work describes the history of consumer's protection legislation and freely moves in a special section dealing with on the above mentioned theoretical aspects in a practical context. First, it discusses the status of the CTI in public administration and organizational structure including the structure of the particular inspectorates and then powers and authority under applicable law. The following section is devoted to an inspection process systematically as the main activity of the CTI, including the description of the rights and duties of inspectors in its exercise. During the inspection inspectors determine the facts that are recorded in the inspection report, which serves as the main basis for eventual administrative proceedings. This section presents a number of my practical experiences, but also the decisions of administrative courts, which may provide some guidance on how to proceed when revising in ambiguous cases. Furthermore, specific remedies, including...

This thesis focuses on the topic of parental separation and awarding custody of pre-school and early-school aged children. In the theoretical part the specifics of each developmental stage and also of the mother's and father's role are described. In the following chapter the thesis focuses on the process of parental separation, its phases, causes and its influence on children. Also the most typical phenomenons and risks connected with this complicated situation are mentioned. Not to be forgotten, the legal side of the process is also included. The thesis contains empirical part, in which structured interviews with social workers were led, in order to map current trends, the most serious risks, the possibilities of different forms of custody and the role of psychologists in parental separation in the Czech environment. Key words: parental separation, awarding custody of child, pre-school age, early-school age, sole custody, joint custody

The thesis deals with typical decisions made by contracting entities which restrict the competition among economic operators. The thesis analyses the typical mistakes which are made by the contract entities in awarding procedures. The causes of mistakes being made by contracting entities can be summarized into three groups. Into the first group belong conscious mistakes. For these mistakes shall be contracting entities` agents held responsible. Into the second group belong mistakes in planning. Mistakes from the third group are made as a consequence of lack of professional skills. None of these mistakes can be prevented just by an amendment to the Act on Public Contracts. Any proposal of an amendment solving the lack of professional skills shall consider also all connected negative effects; mainly additional time demands, financial costs and the risk of underfinanced praxis turning into formalism. Professionally skilled agents are usually more careful when they apply the Act on Public Contracts because they are aware of legal risks. Considering current limited budget resources it should be decided whether to put stress on cooperation with internal or external experts. The author recommends internal experts because external experts do not do their best if they are aware of the fact being not controlled effectively by internal experts. However the current Act on Public Contracts is not perfect, the duties laid by it are enforced successfully. Considering a new amendment also the legal theory shall be taken into account. The author presumes similarity of preventing of breaches against the Act on Public Contracts and of preventing of crimes. The most important factor preventing from criminality is to be aware that the punishment is inescapable, not its rates. The author points out also the opinion of the general theory of law according to which a new act is to be passed only if there is an objective necessary need. It should not to be passed by a fortuity or because of subjective views. There should be also a time space between the amendments. There was an amendment to Act on Public Contracts approved in 2010 and European Union currently prepares amending of awarding directives. The author therefore prefers improving the praxis of awarding in the Czech Republic by granting additional human resources to the Office for the Protection of Competition to passing of another amendment to the Act on Public Contracts. The scope of the Act on Public Contracts is also not convenient for amending a list of contract clauses which are not allowed to be concluded by contracting entities. There are two reasons. Contracting entities are constituted by various groups of subjects and contracts selling their property are outside the scope of the Act on Public Contracts. Contracting entities should use standard awarding procedure to promote competition among economic operators. They should concentrate on exactness of tender conditions. A good prevention to mistakes in awarding procedure is also good planning and skilled human recourses of contracting entities.

This thesis aims to map out specifically and detailed process of planning and implementation of a development project. Introduction to the problem and definitions of basic concepts is located in the theoretical part. One of the main topics is the procedure for procurement and financing. In the practical part is introduced the development project Vážska cyklotrasa, its benefits, funding, procurement and contractor selection including preparation of documents for contract management.

Dans les dernières années, la corruption municipale a constitué un enjeu d’importance au Québec, posant des questions majeures sur la qualité de la gouvernance municipale. Ce mémoire vise à comprendre comment fonctionnait le système de corruption découvert au niveau des municipalités. En premier lieu, l’aspect historique de la corruption municipale sera examiné pour identifier l’héritage ayant influencé les pratiques actuelles. Surtout, ce phénomène sera abordé pour décrire la structure de gouvernance informelle qui s’est développée au sein des institutions municipales, plus spécifiquement dans les cas de Laval et Montréal. Le modèle théorique de Della Porta et Vannucci (2012) permettra d’illustrer la façon dont les acteurs internalisent les normes de la corruption, comment ils développent des relations de confiance entre eux et, enfin, comment l’action de régulateurs vient cimenter l’institutionnalisation de réseaux de corruption. Enfin, le mémoire vise à déceler quels aspects inhérents aux institutions municipales québécoises les ont rendues vulnérables à la corruption. La faiblesse et la capacité limitée des institutions formelles à structurer avec succès les incitatifs sera mise de l’avant. On examinera les limites des institutions visant à établir une surveillance externe des municipalités, pour ensuite se pencher sur les institutions internes pouvant prévenir la corruption, soit la bureaucratie et la démocratie municipale. En bref, le mémoire vise à identifier les structures de gouvernance des réseaux de corruption à Laval et Montréal, puis à en expliquer la provenance par la faiblesse d’institutions qui auraient pu l’endiguer. / In the last few years, municipal corruption made its way through the headlines and became a significant issue in Québec, raising major questions about the quality of municipal governance. This research aims to understand how the corruption system operated at the municipal level. First, an examination of the municipal corruption’s legacy will show its recurrent aspect. Then, the corruption phenomena will be studied through a description of the informal governance structure that grew inside municipal institutions. More specifically, Laval’s and Montréal’s cases will be used to portray this governance structure. Della Porta and Vannucci’s model (2012) will be used to elucidate the way agents internalize norms of corruption, how they develop second-party bonds of trust, and, finally, how an enforcer can act to cement and institutionalize networks of corruption. Finally, the research aims to identify and understand which aspects of Quebec’s municipal institutions made then vulnerable to corruption. The limits of formal institutions’ capacity to successfully structure incentives will be addressed through the exposure of some significant weaknesses. We will examine the limits of the institutions aiming to establish external surveillance, to then turn our focus toward internal institutions that could have deterred corruption, which are bureaucracy and democracy.