In this study, the Babylonian Exile of the Jews is approached from the perspective of a sociological analysis of more recent historical cases of mass deportation and refugee behaviour. After this survey, four behaviour patterns are isolated that function as 'Mechanisms for Survival' for minorities in crisis and under domination in a foreign environment. These 'Mechanisms' include 1) Structural adaptation, 2) The rise of, and conflict between, new leaders. 35 new Folklore patterns, especially 'Hero' stories, and 4) adoption or elaboration of ritual as a means of boundary maintenance and identity preservation. These four mechanisms are then illustrated from Exilic texts of the Old Testament. The rise of Elders and the changing nature of the Bet Abot is seen as structural adaptation. The conflict of Jeremiah and Hananiah, and the advice of Jeremiah in his 'letter', is seen as the conflict of new leaders in crisis. The 'Diaspora Novella' is compared to Messianic expectation and especially to Suffering Servant to show how folklore can reflect social conditions and serve a function as 'hero stories'. Finally, the latest redactional layers of 'P' reveal concern for purity and separation that expressed itself in social isolationism and boundary maintenance, particularly in the dissolution of marriages with foreign wives. There is also a section on social conflict after the restoration, as a measure of the independent development of exilic social ideology and theology. The conclusion is that sociological analysis of the Exilic material reveals the exilic-post-exilic community exhibiting features of a minority group under stress, and the creative means by which that group responds by Mechanisms for Survival.

In most cases in a deceased person’s estate, there are problems with co-ownership where more than one family member inherits the deceased family estate assets. To escape the perils of co-ownership the beneficiaries consensually agree to divide the inherited communallyshared asset/s. This agreement can take place immediately after the death of the family estate owner or some time later regarding some or all of the said assets. On the conclusion of the division agreement, the contractual party who receives the awarded assets enjoys sole ownership and the other contractual parties by agreement retract their ownership. In a jurisprudential content analysis of forty-six recorded family deceased division agreements from Old Babylonian Larsa and Nippur, essential elements are identified which are the framework and qualification requirements for a family deceased division agreement. Within this framework the concepts, terms and elements of the agreement are categorised as natural and incidental elements, which reflect the specific law traditions and choices of contractual parties and show the unique scribal traditions in the different Old Babylonian city-states of Larsa, Nippur and Sippar. The aim of the study is to shed a more focused light on the interpretation of recorded Old Babylonian division agreements and to show that the division agreement was a successful, timeless, estate administration mechanism and tool to obviate any undesirable consequences of co-ownership of the bequeathed property. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

In most cases in a deceased person’s estate, there are problems with co-ownership where more than one family member inherits the deceased family estate assets. To escape the perils of co-ownership the beneficiaries consensually agree to divide the inherited communallyshared asset/s. This agreement can take place immediately after the death of the family estate owner or some time later regarding some or all of the said assets. On the conclusion of the division agreement, the contractual party who receives the awarded assets enjoys sole ownership and the other contractual parties by agreement retract their ownership. In a jurisprudential content analysis of forty-six recorded family deceased division agreements from Old Babylonian Larsa and Nippur, essential elements are identified which are the framework and qualification requirements for a family deceased division agreement. Within this framework the concepts, terms and elements of the agreement are categorised as natural and incidental elements, which reflect the specific law traditions and choices of contractual parties and show the unique scribal traditions in the different Old Babylonian city-states of Larsa, Nippur and Sippar. The aim of the study is to shed a more focused light on the interpretation of recorded Old Babylonian division agreements and to show that the division agreement was a successful, timeless, estate administration mechanism and tool to obviate any undesirable consequences of co-ownership of the bequeathed property. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

Text in Hebrew with English Summary / This research describes nominal patterns with prefixes m and t as appearing in Parma A in comparison with other traditions viz. Kaufinan, Paris and Y emenite manuscripts. This research has 3 aims: 1. To describe all relevant evidence in Parma A 2. To compare evidence with data in other traditions, including the Bible and Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic sources 3. To elaborate on those unique forms in manuscripts which represent genuine Mishnaic Hebrew / Classics and Modern European Languages / D. Litt et Phil. (Semitic Languages)

No description available.

A partir da narrativa bíblica, é possível analisar a vida e a atividade profética de Jeremias. Este homem foi um dos responsáveis pela estruturação da religião judaica na diáspora, uma vez que através da sua mensagem aos exilados, uma nova relação com a divindade pôde ser estabelecida. Suas idéias inovaram as condições de relacionamento entre divindade e povo, uma vez que a estrutura anteriormente existente tinha como base uma relação de suserania e vassalagem. Este modelo era encontrado nos tratados realizados entre os governantes dos grandes reinos do Oriente Médio, durante o período da antigüidade. Assim, para se entender as mudanças propostas por Jeremias e suas inovações, foi necessário realizar a caracterização dos modelos de aliança, acima mencionados. A partir disto, estudou-se alianças realizadas anteriormente entre a divindade e o povo de Israel. As palavras de Jeremias serviram para que uma nova forma de relacionamento com a divindade fosse estabelecida pela população judaíta deportada para a Babilônia. Esta nova base permitiu a preservação de uma tradição, cuja origem é muito anterior ao século VI a.C., que hoje denomina-se Judaísmo. / From the Biblical narrative, it is possible to analyze the life and the profetic activity of Jeremias. This man was one of the responsibles for the organization of the Jewish religion in the diaspore, since through its message to the exiled ones, a new relation with the deity could be established. His ideas innovated the foundations of the relationship between deity and people, because the previously existing structure had its base in a relation of suseranity and vassalage. This model was found in the treaties between the kings of the great kingdoms of the Ancient Near East. Thus, in order to understand the changes proposed by Jeremias and its innovations, it was necessary to caracterize the alliance models, mentioned above. From this standpoint, we could study the previous alliances carried out between the deity and the people of Israel. The words of Jeremias allowed the Judeans population deported to Babylon to establish a new form of relationship with the deity. This new base allowed the preservation of a tradition, whose origin goes well before the VI th century B.C., that is called today Judaism.

A partir de uma avaliação crítica de propostas teóricas voltadas ao estudo histórico da cognição como as apresentadas por Jack Goody e Reviel Netz , este trabalho desenvolve uma possível aproximação entre novos modelos produzidos no campo das ciências cognitivas, em especial modelos de cognição corporalizada (embodied cognition), e as atuais interpretações dos textos matemáticos babilônicos. Propõe possíveis desenvolvimentos dessas interpretações através da identificação de um sistema cognitivo estendido específico da cultura escribal babilônica, fundado no uso de ferramentas cognitivas: as formas de produção da escrita cuneiforme, o repertório textual preservado pela tradição escribal e a própria instituição social escolar da eduba. Neste quadro, os conceitos matemáticos, as formas de percepção e ordenação da realidade material e a cognição escribal sobre o conceito de tempo se revelam dependentes da agência material dos tabletes cuneiformes, das práticas ligadas a eles e da posição social do escriba. / From a critical evaluation of theoretical proposals aimed at the historical study of cognition as those presented by Jack Goody and Reviel Netz this paper explores a possible connection between new models coming from cognitive sciences, particularly \"embodied cognition models, and current interpretations of Babylonian mathematical texts. It proposes possible developments of these interpretations through the recognition of an extended cognitive system, specific of Babylonian scribal culture, based on the use of cognitive tools: forms of production of cuneiform writing, the textual repertoire preserved by scribal tradition and the social institution of the eduba school. In this context, mathematical concepts, forms of perception and ordering of material reality and scribal cognition of the concept of time reveal themselves dependent on the material agency of cuneiform tablets, the practices linked to them and the social position of the scribe.

Esta dissertação propõe uma análise de um conjunto de 50 cartas administrativas paleobabilônicas (c. 2003 1595 AEC), oriundas do sítio arqueológico de Tell Harmal, correspondente à antiga cidade de &#352aduppûm, e publicadas pela primeira vez por Albrecht Götze em 1958. Para esse fim, apresentamos uma nova transliteração das cópias dos tabletes e a primeira tradução desse material do acadiano para o português. Nessa documentação podemos observar detalhes do papel desempenhado por oficiais integrantes da administração de &#352aduppûm na gerência das terras agrícolas, mais especificamente quando &#352aduppûm estava sob o controle do rei Ib&#227l-pî-El II (1779-1765 AEC) de E&#353nunna. Por meio dos aspectos operacionais das práticas administrativas locais, buscamos compreender a sua relação com a administração central de E&#353nunna. Adicionalmente, esse trabalho expõe um aspecto da atividade administrativa que pode ser compreendido como a experiência social, que se revela sobretudo nas estratégias de sociabilidade postas em ação por esses oficiais / This dissertation proposes an analysis of 50 letters dated from the Old Babylonian period (c. 2003 - 1595 BCE). These letters come from the Tell Harmal archaeological site, corresponding to the ancient city of &#352aduppûm, and were first published in 1958 by Albrecht Götze. To achieve my goal, I present new transliterations of the copies of the tablets and the first transliteration of this material from Akkadian into Portuguese. This documentation gives us details of the role played by the officials performing &#352aduppûm administrative activities in agricultural land management, especially when &#352aduppûm was under the control of king Ib&#227l-pî-El II (1779-1765 BCE) of E&#353nunna. Through the operational local administrative practices aspects, we seek to understand their relationship with the central administration of E&#353nunna. Furthermore, this work brings an aspect of administrative activity that may be understood as a component of social experience, which is revealed mainly in sociability strategies put into action by these officials.

Esta dissertação propõe uma análise de um conjunto de 50 cartas administrativas paleobabilônicas (c. 2003 1595 AEC), oriundas do sítio arqueológico de Tell Harmal, correspondente à antiga cidade de &#352aduppûm, e publicadas pela primeira vez por Albrecht Götze em 1958. Para esse fim, apresentamos uma nova transliteração das cópias dos tabletes e a primeira tradução desse material do acadiano para o português. Nessa documentação podemos observar detalhes do papel desempenhado por oficiais integrantes da administração de &#352aduppûm na gerência das terras agrícolas, mais especificamente quando &#352aduppûm estava sob o controle do rei Ib&#227l-pî-El II (1779-1765 AEC) de E&#353nunna. Por meio dos aspectos operacionais das práticas administrativas locais, buscamos compreender a sua relação com a administração central de E&#353nunna. Adicionalmente, esse trabalho expõe um aspecto da atividade administrativa que pode ser compreendido como a experiência social, que se revela sobretudo nas estratégias de sociabilidade postas em ação por esses oficiais / This dissertation proposes an analysis of 50 letters dated from the Old Babylonian period (c. 2003 - 1595 BCE). These letters come from the Tell Harmal archaeological site, corresponding to the ancient city of &#352aduppûm, and were first published in 1958 by Albrecht Götze. To achieve my goal, I present new transliterations of the copies of the tablets and the first transliteration of this material from Akkadian into Portuguese. This documentation gives us details of the role played by the officials performing &#352aduppûm administrative activities in agricultural land management, especially when &#352aduppûm was under the control of king Ib&#227l-pî-El II (1779-1765 BCE) of E&#353nunna. Through the operational local administrative practices aspects, we seek to understand their relationship with the central administration of E&#353nunna. Furthermore, this work brings an aspect of administrative activity that may be understood as a component of social experience, which is revealed mainly in sociability strategies put into action by these officials.

La thèse présente la première édition complète et commentée des textes de l'archive de la famille Gallabu, une archive provenant de la ville d'Ur, au sud de la Babylonie. Il s'agit d'une famille de prébendiers-barbiers qui ont laissé la plus longue archive privée du Ier millénaire avant J.-C. Les documents de l'archive s'étalent sur 260 ans et couvrent les périodes néo-babylonienne, achéménide et hellénistique. La thèse présente une réflexion sur la nature de l'archive des Gallabu et étudie l'histoire particulière de la famille et de son patrimoine. La famille des Gallabu est placée par la suite dans un contexte politique et socio-économique plus large pour étudier de différents aspects de la vie socio-économique des notables urbains à Ur au Ier millénaire avant J.-C., la seconde ville méridionale la plus importante à cette époque. / This work presents the first complete and annotated edition of the texts from the Gallabu family archive, from the city of Ur in southern Babylonia. It is a family of prebendaries-barbers that left the longest known private archive in the first century BC. Documents of the archive cover over 260 years and include Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid, and Hellenistic periods. The thesis provides an insight into the nature of the Gallabu archive and examines the history of the family and its heritage. The family of Gallabu is considered within a political and socio-economic context in order to study different aspects of the socio-economic life of the urban elite of the city of Ur in the first millennium BC, the second most important city in southern Babylonia at the time.