Increasingly, health providers are recognizing the importance of providing behavioral and mental health services to children and adolescents. As a result, school districts are adopting the School-Based Mental Health Program approach to provide mental health services to their students. The purpose of this study is to test if there is a disparity between children being referred due to externalizing behavior versus internalizing behaviors. The data was collected from archival sources, and it was analyzed utilizing the SPSS software for a quantitative and descriptive study. The findings indicated that students experiencing Internalizing and/or Externalizing behaviors are almost equally receiving services. This study found that most of the referrals were made by school counselors, only a few by parents and even less by students themselves. For this reason, the study’s recommendation is for social workers to engage in providing training for parents and students in identifying mental health issues before they become a significant problem.

This dissertation is occupied with the Internet Issues and the Internet addiction, which is currently a frequent topic in professional and popular journals. This work is primarily focused on the Internet addiction and the identification of risks for selected high school students. The author describes the phenomenon of the Internet and the Internet background and its impact on the identity of adolescents. Research investigation carried out by using an empirical investigation among students, points to the need to devote more Internet and Internet addiction, not only within specific primary prevention but also in itself education. Dissertation provides suggestions specific approaches in primary prevention and intervention in secondary schools. It can be used as an introduction to the Issue for teachers working in the role of the school prevention methodologist or in the role of the educational consultant. Keywords: addiction, addictive bahavior on the Internet, deviation, adolescence, prevention

Stereotype threat refers to the pressure that individuals feel when they are at risk of confirming a demeaning stereotype about themselves. Research has found that stereotype threat impairs performance on cognitive-based tasks by inducing mental interference (e.g., Schmader & Johns, 2003). This thesis hypothesised that this finding would generalise to driving and that drivers who are better able to inhibit cognitive interference (i.e., with better inhibitory ability) would be less susceptible to the disruptive effect of stereotype threat than drivers who are less able (i.e., with poorer inhibitory ability). A series of three experiments conducted in a driving simulator tested the predictions using the gender stereotype of driving skills and investigated the interpretation of the results. The experiments revealed that stereotype threat exerted both a facilitative and debilitative influence on driving performance, as indicated by different performance measures. The facilitative effect diminished when drivers experienced increased mental demands or when they were assessed by an unexpected performance measure, while the debilitative effect was more likely observed among drivers who received negative feedback than drivers who received positive feedback. Moreover, the results supported the prediction that inhibitory ability would moderate the detrimental impact of stereotype threat as the performance of drivers with poorer inhibitory ability was impeded more than that of drivers with better inhibitory ability. Regarding the processes underlying the present findings, the experiments provided suggestive evidence that stereotype threat elicits cognitive interference and simultaneously motivates drivers to concentrate on particular performance areas in an attempt to refute the stereotype. In combination, these processes appear to be at least partly responsible for the performance deficits and boosts observed.

Magistro darbe nagrinėjamos vartotojų elgsenos ypatybės. Darbe išanalizuota ir susisteminta įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių publikuota medžiaga, susijusi su vartotojų elgsena, analizuojami veiksniai, įtakojantys ir nulemiantys vienokią ar kitokią vartotojų elgseną priimant sprendimą pirkti. Praktinėje dalyje yra pateikiami UAB „New Yorker Lietuva“ vartotojų elgsenos tyrimų apibendrinimai bei išskiriamos pagrindinės tendencijos, apsprendžiančios jų elgsenos ypatumus. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas siekiant išsiaiškinti, kokie yra vartotojų pirkimo įpročiai, ar vartotojo sprendimui pirkti turi įtakos išoriniai ir vidiniai veiksniai. Patvirtinama autoriaus suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad vartotojų elgseną priimant sprendimą dėl aprangos parduotuvės pasirinkimo apsprendžia teikiamų prekių kaina ir vartotojų amžius. / The peculiarities of consumers’ behaviour are analyzed in the Master’s Thesis. The material published by various Lithuanian and foreign authors is analyzed and systemized in the Thesis. This material is related to consumers’ behaviour; the actions influencing and determining a certain consumers’ behaviour when taking the decision to buy are analyzed. The generalization of researches of consumers’ behaviour and the main tendencies determining the peculiarities of their behaviour are presented in the practical part of the Thesis. The research was conducted in order to determine the necessities of consumers’ purchases and whether the outer and inner factors have influence upon consumer’s decision to buy. Author’s hypothesis of scientific research supposing that the prices of presented goods and consumers’ age influence consumers’ behaviour when choosing the clothing shop was proven.

Stereotype threat refers to the pressure that individuals feel when they are at risk of confirming a demeaning stereotype about themselves. Research has found that stereotype threat impairs performance on cognitive-based tasks by inducing mental interference (e.g., Schmader & Johns, 2003). This thesis hypothesised that this finding would generalise to driving and that drivers who are better able to inhibit cognitive interference (i.e., with better inhibitory ability) would be less susceptible to the disruptive effect of stereotype threat than drivers who are less able (i.e., with poorer inhibitory ability). A series of three experiments conducted in a driving simulator tested the predictions using the gender stereotype of driving skills and investigated the interpretation of the results. The experiments revealed that stereotype threat exerted both a facilitative and debilitative influence on driving performance, as indicated by different performance measures. The facilitative effect diminished when drivers experienced increased mental demands or when they were assessed by an unexpected performance measure, while the debilitative effect was more likely observed among drivers who received negative feedback than drivers who received positive feedback. Moreover, the results supported the prediction that inhibitory ability would moderate the detrimental impact of stereotype threat as the performance of drivers with poorer inhibitory ability was impeded more than that of drivers with better inhibitory ability. Regarding the processes underlying the present findings, the experiments provided suggestive evidence that stereotype threat elicits cognitive interference and simultaneously motivates drivers to concentrate on particular performance areas in an attempt to refute the stereotype. In combination, these processes appear to be at least partly responsible for the performance deficits and boosts observed.

Stereotype threat refers to the pressure that individuals feel when they are at risk of confirming a demeaning stereotype about themselves. Research has found that stereotype threat impairs performance on cognitive-based tasks by inducing mental interference (e.g., Schmader & Johns, 2003). This thesis hypothesised that this finding would generalise to driving and that drivers who are better able to inhibit cognitive interference (i.e., with better inhibitory ability) would be less susceptible to the disruptive effect of stereotype threat than drivers who are less able (i.e., with poorer inhibitory ability). A series of three experiments conducted in a driving simulator tested the predictions using the gender stereotype of driving skills and investigated the interpretation of the results. The experiments revealed that stereotype threat exerted both a facilitative and debilitative influence on driving performance, as indicated by different performance measures. The facilitative effect diminished when drivers experienced increased mental demands or when they were assessed by an unexpected performance measure, while the debilitative effect was more likely observed among drivers who received negative feedback than drivers who received positive feedback. Moreover, the results supported the prediction that inhibitory ability would moderate the detrimental impact of stereotype threat as the performance of drivers with poorer inhibitory ability was impeded more than that of drivers with better inhibitory ability. Regarding the processes underlying the present findings, the experiments provided suggestive evidence that stereotype threat elicits cognitive interference and simultaneously motivates drivers to concentrate on particular performance areas in an attempt to refute the stereotype. In combination, these processes appear to be at least partly responsible for the performance deficits and boosts observed.

Cette thèse porte sur l'influence de l'acculturation sur le comportement du consommateur en fonction des sous-cultures d'origine, appliquée au cas des immigrés algériens. Notre objectif est de comparer les processus d'acculturation du consommateur en fonction de sa sous-culture d'origine. L'idée est donc de dépasser la seule influence de la culture d'origine (l'Algérie dans cette recherche) sur le processus d'acculturation, pour comparer les influences de deux sous-cultures (la sous-culture oranaise et la sous-culture kabyle). Nous nous basons sur le calcul des distances culturelles pour identifier la proximité culturelle entre la sous-culture d'origine et la culture d'accueil. Nous considérons dans cette recherche le consommateur comme membre d'un groupe ethnique, est nous nous intéressons à l'auto-identification du consommateur à des sous-cultures. Le modèle de recherche traite la question suivante : « l'auto-identification ethnique du consommateur à une sous-culture d'origine influence-t-elle différemment l'acculturation du consommateur selon les sous-cultures? Si oui, l'impact de l'acculturation sur le comportement de consommation sera-t-il également distinct en fonction des sous-cultures ? ». Des variables modératrices sont mobilisées (revenu, durée de résidence, âge d'arrivée dans la culture d'accueil, nostalgie, matérialisme). Pour construire et tester notre modèle de recherche, deux études ont été menées. Premièrement, une étude qualitative a été effectuée dans les sous-cultures d'origine puis dans le pays d'accueil afin d'explorer les situations avant et après changement de culture. Deuxièmement, une étude quantitative a été menée sur les deux fronts également (les deux sous-cultures d'origine et la culture d'accueil) pour tester la fiabilité et validité des échelles de mesure, ainsi que la validation des hypothèses de recherche. / This thesis focuses on the influence of acculturation on consumer behavior based on sub-cultures of origin, applied to the case of Algerian immigrants. Our goal is to compare the acculturation process of the consumer at the sub-culture level. The idea is to go beyond the influence of culture of origin (Algeria in this research) on the process of acculturation, to compare the influences of two subcultures (Oranian and Kabyle). We use the calculation of cultural distance to identify the cultural proximity between the sub-culture of origin and the host culture. We consider in this research the consumer as a member of an ethnic group, and so we focus on self-identification of the consumer to his sub-cultures. The research model addresses the question, «does ethnic self-identification of the consumer to a sub-culture of origin influence the acculturation differently depending on the sub-cultures? If so, will the impact of acculturation on consumer behavior be different according to the sub-cultures? ". Moderating variables are mobilized (income, length of residence, age of arrival in the host culture, nostalgia, materialism). To build and test our research model, two studies were conducted. First, a qualitative study was conducted in the sub-cultures of origin and the host country to explore the situations before and after change of culture. Second, a quantitative study was conducted on the two fronts as well (the two sub-cultures of origin and the host culture) to test the reliability and validity of measurement scales and the validating research hypotheses.

本研究旨在瞭解當前高中生對於選擇大學的考慮因素以及選校偏好，首先，要瞭解高中生選擇大學考量因素之現況；其次，探討不同變項對選校因素的差異情形；最後，分析高中生對不同大學分類之偏好。本研究以98年度高三應屆畢業班之學生為研究對象，並以自行編製的「大學相似度問卷」，以及修改自國內外重要問卷編製而成之「高中生選擇大學之考量因素調查問卷」為研究工具，有效樣本為782份。根據受試者之填答結果再分別以平均數、標準差、單因子變異數分析、集群分析、因素分析與區別分析等統計方法，進行資料處理。 本研究獲致之結論如下： 一、學生選擇大學較重視個人因素與他人影響。 二、不同背景的學生在大學選擇看法上有差異。 三、選校因素中的細項具有不同的相對重要性。 四、以學術表現及學校特色做為大學分類之依據。 最後，根據研究結果分別提出以下建議： 壹、對大學校院主管之建議 一、校務發展應重視學術表現或創造獨特優勢。 二、掌握學生資訊來源管道，提升招生活動之效率。 三、辦理招生宣傳時，可強化「他人影響」方面的行銷。 貳、對教師及家長之建議 一、依據學生的特性，提供所需的升學資訊。 二、鼓勵學生利用多元管道，以獲得完整的訊息。 三、提供生涯輔導，協助學生瞭解自己的性向與規劃。 參、對後續研究者之建議 一、進行長期研究。 二、運用其他統計方法以獲得更深入的觀點。 三、可進行技職體系及專校方面的研究以進一步探討本研究結果之適用性。 / The main purpose of this research is to explore high school students’ consideration and preference. First of all, is to understand the common situation of college choice of high school students. And then, is to explore the differences between students’ background toward college choices. Finally, is to analyze the high school students’ preference among various universities. There were 782 valid cases, and the returned data were analyzed by statistical methods such as “Mean”, “Standard Deviation”, “One-Way ANOVA”, “Multiple Regression”, “Cluster Analysis”, and “Discriminant Analysis”. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Individual factors and significant others are the major consideration of college choice. 2. There are obvious differences between students’ backgrounds toward college choices. 3. Each item in distinct factors has different relative importance. 4. High school students’ classifications are primarily based on the academic reputation and the characteristics of colleges. At last, to bring out some concrete suggestions according to the study outcomes as references for presidents of university or deans of college, high school teachers and parents, and correlated study in the future.

O presente estudo teve por objetivos: 1) caracterizar o Perfil Socioeconômico dos colaboradores; 2) caracterizar o Clima Organizacional; 3) caracterizar Comprometimento Organizacional; e 4) caracterizar e mapear o comportamento organizacional e verificar suas influencias no cumprimento da Boas Práticas de Higiene e Manipulação dos Alimentos. Refere-se a um estudo de caso com enfoque participativo utilizando-se de entrevistas, por se tratar de uma pesquisa essencialmente qualitativa. Concluiram-se que: 1) a valorização profissional, as relações interpessoais, os benefícios e políticas de incentivos oferecidos pela organização, bem como as condições físicas do ambiente promovem em seus colaboradores o desejo de permanência, comprometimento, engajamento, entusiasmo, envolvimento e bem-estar; 2) a compatibilidade dos objetivos individuais e organizacionais, associada à comunicação efetiva entre os diferentes níveis hierárquicos estimulam a motivação e o comprometimento resultando em produtividade, engajamento, bem-estar e envolvimento com as Boas Práticas de Higiene e Manipulação de Alimentos; 3) as falhas de procedimentos técnicos associam-se à falta de competências de alguns colaboradores, à comunicação não efetiva e à presença do sentimento de desvalorização profissional e pessoal; 4) competência, satisfação, idade, escolaridade, tempo de trabalho, e remuneração foram indicadores comuns para caracterização do comprometimento instrumental, normativo, afetivo e afiliativo / The present study aims to: 1) characterize the Socioeconomic Profile of employees; 2) characterize the organizational climate; 3) characterize organizational commitment; and 4) characterize and map the organizational behavior and verify their influences in compliance with good hygiene and food manufacturing practices. The study was considered as a case study with participatory approach using interviews, because it is essentially qualitative research. As a conclusion, it was possible to highlight: 1) the professional valuation, interpersonal relationship, benefits and incentive policies offered by the Organization, as well as the structural environment conditions promote the employees the desire for permanence, commitment, engagement, enthusiasm, engagement and well-being; 2) compatibility of individual and organizational objectives, associated with effective communication between different hierarchical levels stimulate motivation and commitment resulting in productivity, engagement, and involvement with the good hygiene and food manufacturing practices ; 3) technical procedures failures are related to the lack of skills of some employees, effective communication and the presence of the sense of professional and personal devaluation; 4) competence, satisfaction, age, schooling, work time, and remuneration were common indicators to characterize the instrumental, normative, and afiliative commitment

O presente estudo teve por objetivos: 1) caracterizar o Perfil Socioeconômico dos colaboradores; 2) caracterizar o Clima Organizacional; 3) caracterizar Comprometimento Organizacional; e 4) caracterizar e mapear o comportamento organizacional e verificar suas influencias no cumprimento da Boas Práticas de Higiene e Manipulação dos Alimentos. Refere-se a um estudo de caso com enfoque participativo utilizando-se de entrevistas, por se tratar de uma pesquisa essencialmente qualitativa. Concluiram-se que: 1) a valorização profissional, as relações interpessoais, os benefícios e políticas de incentivos oferecidos pela organização, bem como as condições físicas do ambiente promovem em seus colaboradores o desejo de permanência, comprometimento, engajamento, entusiasmo, envolvimento e bem-estar; 2) a compatibilidade dos objetivos individuais e organizacionais, associada à comunicação efetiva entre os diferentes níveis hierárquicos estimulam a motivação e o comprometimento resultando em produtividade, engajamento, bem-estar e envolvimento com as Boas Práticas de Higiene e Manipulação de Alimentos; 3) as falhas de procedimentos técnicos associam-se à falta de competências de alguns colaboradores, à comunicação não efetiva e à presença do sentimento de desvalorização profissional e pessoal; 4) competência, satisfação, idade, escolaridade, tempo de trabalho, e remuneração foram indicadores comuns para caracterização do comprometimento instrumental, normativo, afetivo e afiliativo / The present study aims to: 1) characterize the Socioeconomic Profile of employees; 2) characterize the organizational climate; 3) characterize organizational commitment; and 4) characterize and map the organizational behavior and verify their influences in compliance with good hygiene and food manufacturing practices. The study was considered as a case study with participatory approach using interviews, because it is essentially qualitative research. As a conclusion, it was possible to highlight: 1) the professional valuation, interpersonal relationship, benefits and incentive policies offered by the Organization, as well as the structural environment conditions promote the employees the desire for permanence, commitment, engagement, enthusiasm, engagement and well-being; 2) compatibility of individual and organizational objectives, associated with effective communication between different hierarchical levels stimulate motivation and commitment resulting in productivity, engagement, and involvement with the good hygiene and food manufacturing practices ; 3) technical procedures failures are related to the lack of skills of some employees, effective communication and the presence of the sense of professional and personal devaluation; 4) competence, satisfaction, age, schooling, work time, and remuneration were common indicators to characterize the instrumental, normative, and afiliative commitment