Submitted by Pedro Carvalho (pedrooliveiracarvalho@gmail.com) on 2017-12-28T19:41:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Pedro_de_Oliveira_Carvalho_final.pdf: 2841114 bytes, checksum: 89d0bc290363e2040745d0bce5031e4c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafaela Moraes (rafaela.moraes@fgv.br) on 2018-01-04T12:48:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Pedro_de_Oliveira_Carvalho_final.pdf: 2841114 bytes, checksum: 89d0bc290363e2040745d0bce5031e4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T11:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Pedro_de_Oliveira_Carvalho_final.pdf: 2841114 bytes, checksum: 89d0bc290363e2040745d0bce5031e4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / The purpose of this dissertation is to study the role of the Brazilian Deposit InsuranceFund (Fundo Garantidor de Créditos – FGC), evidencing the benefits that an explicit guaranteestructure causes in the banking system. The focus is the last increase in the coverage limit fordepositors, in 2013. In addition, this paper discusses FGC's bailout capacity towards the financial system in order to minimize potential moments of market stress. Next, distortions the guarantee limit ofFGC increase may cause in the financial system will be discussed, highlighting the possibility of moral hazard. This paper also intends to measure the changes in the funding structure of the banking system, highlighting the relative reduction of the risks of refinancing liabilities, the effect of the diversification of funding products and number of investors and the trend of funding costs reduction. It assumes that liquidity have increased and refinancing risk, decreased, leading to funding diversification, with positive effect and declining costs. / A proposta deste trabalho é estudar o papel do Fundo Garantidor de Créditos (FGC),evidenciando os benefícios que uma estrutura de garantias explícita causa no sistema bancário,principalmente nas instituições de menor porte. Esta dissertação focará na última elevação dos limites de cobertura a depositantes, realizada em 2013.Além disso, discute a capacidade de socorro do FGC ao sistema financeiro, a fim de minimizar possíveis momentos de estresse de mercado. Em seguida, analisa distorções que o aumento do limite de garantia do FGC pode causar no mercado, destacando a possibilidade de risco moral.Este trabalho também mensura a mudança da estrutura de captação do sistema bancário,destacando a relativa redução do risco de refinanciamento de passivos, o efeito da pulverização da captação no número de investidores e a tendência de redução dos custos de captação. Parte se da hipótese de que a liquidez aumentou e o risco de refinanciamento diminuiu, fazendo com que a pulverização tivesse efeito positivo sobre a captação e os custos apresentassem tendência de redução.

In my thesis I analyse the development of the banking system of Ukraine and the assessment of the concentration level of the banking system in conditions of crisis 2014-2015. The theoretical part is devoted to classification and causes of the banking crisis; also, it describes the historical aspects of crisis formation in Ukraine. The practical part is focused on the evaluation of the financial security level and macroeconomic situation in Ukraine. This part emphasises problems and the specifics of functioning of domestic banks. In addition, it considers the concentration level of the banking market. The analysis performed shows that the banking crisis is the result of accumulated macroeconomic imbalances of the past and present mistakes in the implementation of anti-crisis policy. Currently the efficient functioning of most domestic banks remains at insufficient level.

The Diploma thesis deals with a comparative analysis of credit institutions operating on the Czech banking market. The first part of the thesis characterizes the banking system of the Czech Republic, the legal status of different institutional types and specifies range of their activities. The second part of the thesis focuses on the positions of the institutions against the supervisor and clients. The last part of the diploma thesis analyses the process of transformation of credit unions to banks, as well as reasons for this transformation and its possible consequences.

La régulation bancaire doit être vue comme le fait d'encadrer et de contrôler l'activité bancaire, en la soumettant au respect des diverses normes, pour en maîtriser les risques afin de préserver la sécurité des déposants, la stabilité du système financier et les grands équilibres économiques. Pour arriver à cette fin, la régulation bancaire s'appuie essentiellement sur la réglementation et la supervision.Les systèmes bancaires domestiques étant devenus de plus en plus interdépendants, il apparaît nécessaire de faire face aux menaces de la même manière, de façon coordonnée au niveau international ou, à tout le moins, au niveau régional. C'est ainsi que la CEMAC et l'UEMOA se sont dotés au lendemain des crises de 1990 d'un dispositif de régulation marqué par une pléthore de réglementations et des organes de supervision communautaires. Depuis la crise de la dette survenue en Europe, la régulation de l'activité bancaire a évolué dans cette région avec la création de l'Union bancaire. Ceci dit, la supervision des établissements bancaires a été confiée à la Banque Centrale Européenne au sein de l' UE bien qu'elle demeure partagée avec les autorités nationales. Il s'agira pour nous, dans le présent travail, de comparer les dispositifs de régulation en vigueur dans les régions de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA, de l'UE. On verra comment les régions de l'Afrique Centrale , de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Europe organisent la régulation bancaire en vue de préserver la stabilité des banques. Pour y parvenir il faudra comparer les différents organes chargés de la régulation et les principales règles de régulation qui existent dans ces régions. / Banking regulation should be seen as the act of monitoring and controling banking, by subjecting the compliance with various standards to control risks to preserve the security of depositors , the stability of the financial system and major economic balances. To achieve this, the banking regulation is based mainly on regulation and supervision. Domestic banking systems have become increasingly interdependent, it is necessary to deal with threats in the same way , in a coordinated manner at the international level or at least at the regional level . Thus CEMAC and UEMOA have adopted in the aftermath of the 1990 crisis a control device marked by a plethora of regulations and community oversight bodies . Since the debt crisis in Europe, the regulation of banking has evolved in this region with the creation of the banking union . That said, the supervision of banks has been entrusted to the European Central Bank within the EU although it remains shared with the national authorities.In the course of this work, our task will be to compare the existing control devices in the CEMAC region , UEMOA , EU . We shall review and find how the regions of Central Africa, West Africa and Europe organize banking regulation in order to preserve the stability of their banks. To achieve this goal, a comparison of the various bodies responsible for the regulation and the main regulatory rules that exist in these regions are deemed necessary.

La Chine a fait le pari de s’ouvrir au monde, à cette mondialisation, dans laquelle règne une grande disharmonie. Aujourd’hui, la mise en œuvre du socialisme, aux couleurs chinoises, s’inscrit dans un processus beaucoup plus global, fondé sur la promotion de la culture chinoise. Deng Xiaoping, le premier, avait, en 1979, libéré l’initiative de chaque citoyen Chinois, avec sa fameuse expression « Enrichissez-vous ! ». Le rêve pour tous les chinois de pouvoir entrevoir une réussite sociale et matérielle devenait donc palpable. Le lancement par la Chine d’un programme d’envergure dans la recherche et le développement technologique, assure à ses industries un socle qui reste aujourd’hui une priorité stratégique de l’Etat - Parti, libère les énergies et crée les conditions de son ouverture au reste du monde. Le « rêve chinois », expression lancée par le nouveau président Xi Jinping, en 2013, lors de son accession au pouvoir suprême, sonne comme un rappel utopique à l’imaginaire de tout son peuple et revêt une portée symbolique face à une Amérique, fondamentalement attachée à son célèbre « rêve américain ». Notre étude porte sur le rôle du système bancaire chinois et sur son évolution. Son particularisme nous permettra de comprendre dans quelle mesure il constitue un moyen pour la Chine de mettre en œuvre son propre développement économique et financier. Mon travail s’est appuyé sur les nombreux ouvrages et articles cités dans la bibliographie. Cette recherche a été enrichie par les différentes conférences auxquelles j’ai pu assister et par la réalisation d’interviews auprès de banquiers, d’économistes, d’universitaires et d’acteurs reconnus du monde industriel. Dans un premier temps, nous dresserons un indispensable rappel historique pour mieux comprendre les choix politiques d’une Chine qui va finir par défendre avec fermeté ses intérêts, à la fois sur la scène régionale et internationale. Nous focaliserons par la suite notre attention sur la construction et le processus de décision de son système bancaire, au service de sa croissance, et, enfin, nous élargirons notre propos et tenterons de démontrer de quelle manière les fonds d’Etats répondent à la mission qui leur est donnée : financer les ambitions économiques de la Chine et conforter son rôle central dans l’économie mondiale. En trois décennies à peine, la Chine, reléguée auparavant dans un statut de nation sous-développée, s’est élevée au rang de première puissance industrielle et commerciale. Elle est, aujourd’hui, la seconde économie du monde. Nulle part, dans l’histoire, une nation, dans un temps aussi court, n’aura été en mesure de remettre en cause les équilibres internationaux, bouleversant l’actuel paradigme de la hiérarchie des grandes puissances. Dans cette perspective, la question des vrais objectifs de la Chine semble être pertinente et ceci à chaque étape de ses réformes. Une telle puissance financière interpelle et inquiète, lorsque, en quelques années, elle a enregistré une forte inflation de ses investissements à l’étranger. En effet, les banques d’Etat chinoises jouent un rôle pivot dans la gouvernance financière des entreprises d’Etat, plus globalement dans le seul but du développement durable de l’économie chinoise pour édifier son propre système de conquête économique. La Chine souhaite-t-elle vraiment atteindre les standards du système de régulation international ? La Chine est-elle en train par ses choix déterminants, de tracer sa propre voie ? Tout l’effort de cet Etat vise à reconstruire la puissance économique et financière, sans laquelle ne peut se matérialiser efficacement son influence politique et lui offrir son prestige du passé. / China has made the bet to open up to the world, to this globalization, in which there is a great disharmony. Today, the implementation of socialism, with Chinese colors, is part of a much more global process, based on the promotion of Chinese culture. Deng Xiaoping, the first, in 1979, released the initiative of every Chinese citizen, with his famous expression " Enrich yourself ! ". The dream for all Chinese to be able to glimpse a social and material success became palpable.The launch by China of a major program in research and technological development, ensures its industries a base that remains today a strategic priority of the State Party, releases the energies and creates the conditions of its opening to the rest of the world. The "Chinese Dream", an expression launched by the new President Xi Jinping in 2013, when he ascended to supreme power, sounds like an utopian reminder to the imagination of all his people and has a symbolic significance in front of an America, fundamentally attached to his famous "American Dream". Our study focuses on the role of the Chinese banking system and its evolution. Its particularity will allow us to understand in what extent it constitutes a means for China to implement its own economic and financial development. My work was based on the many books and articles cited in the bibliography. This research was enriched by the various conferences I attended and by conducting interviews with bankers, economists, academics and recognized industry players. At a first step, we will draw an essential historical reminder to better understand the political choices of a China that will finish to defend stongly its interests, at the same time on the regional and international level. Then, we will focalize our attention upon the construction and the process of its banking system, for its growth. Endly,we will expand our discusion and try to demonstrate how the state funds respond to the mission. given to them: to finance China's economic ambitions and consolidate its central role in the global economy. In three decades, China, previously relegated to underdeveloped nation status, has risen to the rank of the first industrial and commercial power. It is today the second largest economy in the world. Nowhere in history has a nation, in such a short time, been able to question international balance, to change completly the current paradigm of the hierarchy of the great powers. In this perspective, the question of the true objectives of China seems to be relevant and this at each stage of its reforms. Such a financial power questions and worries when, in a few years, it has recorded a high inflation of its investments abroad. Indeed, Chinese state-owned banks play a principal role in the financial governance of state-owned enterprises, more generally for the only purpose of the sustainable development of the Chinese economy to build its own system of economic conquest. Does China really want to reach the standards of the international regulatory system ? Is China in the process of determining its own path through its decisive choices ? The whole effort of this state aims to rebuild the economic and financial power, without which its political influence can not be effectively realized and offer it its prestige of the past.

La presente tesis posee un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental de diseño correlacional cuyo objetivo general es determinar si la metodología ágil Scrum se relaciona con la satisfacción del cliente de aplicativos móviles de las principales entidades bancarias declaradas transformadoras digitales en la sección de banca minorista en Lima Metropolitana en el 2019. La metodología ágil Scrum y la satisfacción del cliente son temas de gran impacto, los cuales se desarrollan de manera constante en diversas industrias en el mundo, encontrando zonas inexploradas en cuanto al conocimiento de la relación de ambas variables. En consecuencia, podrían mejorar las metodologías de trabajo en el mundo laboral, así como la experiencia del cliente o usuario final. La investigación se realizó sobre una población de 2,371,542 personas, representados por una muestra de 383 personas, de quienes se recolectó información a través de una encuesta conformada por dos apartados, el primero se enfoca en la variable metodología ágil Scrum, estuvo compuesto por 17 preguntas y se adaptó del artículo “The Impact of Scrum on Costumer Satisfaction An Empirical Study; respecto al segundo apartado, se focalizó en la variable satisfacción del cliente, constituido por 27 preguntas y adaptadas, principalmente, de la herramienta de medición SERVQUAL. De esta manera, ambos apartados de la encuesta fueron llevados al contexto del rubro financiero y validados por jueces expertos, obteniéndose, finalmente un total de 44 preguntas de tipo Likert. Para la relación entre variables se utilizó la aplicación de la estadística no paramétrica, haciendo uso del estadístico Chi-cuadrado y la prueba estadística Rho de Spearman. Los resultados presentan r = 0,68 comprobándose que existe una relación directamente proporcional entre las variables. Asimismo, a un nivel de significancia α=0,05 se obtuvo un p = 0,000 (< 0,05) menor al nivel de significancia, demostrando la existencia significativa de una relación media entre la metodología ágil Scrum y la satisfacción del cliente, sugiriendo a los actores claves de los escenarios afines tomar en cuenta que las modificaciones de aplicaciones móviles desarrolladas con la metodología ágil Scrum impacta en la experiencia del usuario. / This thesis has a non-experimental quantitative approach of correlational design whose general objective is to determine if the Scrum methodology is related to customer satisfaction of mobile applications of the main banking entities declared digital transformers in the retail banking section in Metropolitan Lima in 2019. The Scrum methodology and customer satisfaction are high-impact topics, which are constantly being developed in various industries around the world finding unexplored areas regarding the knowledge of the relationship of both variables. Consequently, they could improve work methodologies in the world of work, as well as the client or end user experience. The research was conducted on a population of 2,371,542 people, represented by a sample of 383 people; this information was collected through a survey composed of two sections, the first one focuses on the Scrum methodology variable, it was composed of 17 questions and was adapted from the article “The Impact of Scrum on Costumer Satisfaction An Empirical Study”; regarding the second section, it focused on the client satisfaction variable, composed of 27 questions and adapted, mainly, from SERVQUAL. In this way, both sections of the survey were taken to the context of the financial sector and validated by expert judges, finally obtaining a total of 44 Likert-type questions. The application of non-parametric statistics was used for the relationship between variables making use of the Chi-square statistic and the Spearman's Rho statistical test. The results show r = 0.68 verifying that there is a directly proportional relationship between the variables. Also, the results show that for a level of significance α = 0.05, it is p = 0.000 (<0.05) lower than the significance level was obtained demonstrating the significant existence of an average relationship between the Scrum methodology and customer satisfaction, suggesting to the key actors of the related scenarios take into account that the modifications of mobile applications developed with the Scrum methodology impact the user experience. / Tesis

В связи с постоянным ростом мошенничества в отношении клиентов банков – держателей карт, в диссертации были рассмотрены виды мошенничества и произведена их систематизация по каналу взаимодействия с клиентом. При этом, были рассмотрены инструменты, используемые коммерческими банками и Банком России для снижения риска несанкционированных (мошеннических) операций по банковским картам и системам дистанционного банковского обслуживания, выявлен наиболее эффективный инструмент – мониторинг операций. Также были разработаны рекомендации по управлению рисками при осуществлении операций по банковским картам и системам дистанционного банковского обслуживания. / Due to the constant growth of fraud in relation to customers of card – holding banks, the dissertation examined the types of fraud and systematized them according to the channel of interaction with the client. At the same time, the tools used by commercial banks and the Bank of Russia to reduce the risk of unauthorized (fraudulent) transactions on bank cards and remote banking systems were considered, and the most effective tool was identified – monitoring of transactions. Recommendations were also developed for risk management in the implementation of bank card transactions and remote banking systems.

The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used and applications. The first chapter examines the methodological foundations and basic principles of banking. The second chapter examines the features of the banking system of the People's Republic of China (China) in modern conditions. The third chapter reveals the role of commercial banks in China in the development of the country's national economy. In conclusion, the main conclusions are drawn. / Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников и приложения. В первой главе рассмотрены методологические основы и основные принципы банковской деятельности. Во второй главе исследованы особенности деятельности банковской системы КНР (Китая) в современных условиях. В третьей главе раскрыта роль коммерческих банков Китая в развитии национальной экономики страны. В заключении сформированы основные выводы.

The Diploma Thesis deals with the banking crisis and aims to account for different approaches to the understanding of the nature of banking crisis. The Thesis further aims to provide answers why the banking crisis are caused and why so far there are no measures that would effectivelly prevent such crisis. At first, the Thesis states the definition of banking with the emphasis on banks as the institutional backbone of the current functioning of the financial system. The Thesis pays specific attention to the characteristics of two basic legal banking instruments, particulary loans and deposits. While acknowledging the loan expansion, the thesis argues the role of regulatory authorities and the limits of their competences in regards to the prevention of crisis. Followingly, the Thesis offers a view on a banking crisis phenomenon with appropriate historical overview outlining the banking crisis in Czechoslovakia in years 1918 to 1939 and after 1989, the loan expension influence on the business cycles and approaches to banking crisis solving in respect to stabilization of the banking system and restructuring of banks. At last but not least, the Thesis sums up the global financial crisis that started as a banking crisis, respectively as a crisis of one segment of the banking market in the United States...

La thèse porte sur la problématique de l’efficience du financement intermédié des processus de croissance et de développement économiques. Elle s'intéresse d’une part à la résolution des problèmes d’inefficience liés à la présence d’asymétries informationnelles et de l’incertitude sur les marchés du crédit grâce aux mécanismes réputationnels mis en œuvre dans le cadre des relations de long terme banques-emprunteurs et d’autre part, aux conditions dans lesquelles ces mécanismes peuvent émerger et se développer, en particulier dans un pays en développement comme le Cameroun.La thèse a donc une portée à la fois conceptuelle, empirique et normative.En premier lieu, nous avons cherché à alimenter le débat théorique sur la pertinence et l'intérêt du mécanisme réputationnel dans le processus d’intermédiation bancaire. Nous montrons que, contrairement aux modèles habituels d’intermédiation de la théorie d’agence, où les mécanismes de sanctions ou de coercitions judiciaires restent souvent inefficaces et coûteuses, le caractère auto-exécutoire du mécanisme de la réputation suffit seul à garantir l’efficacité de son fonctionnement. De plus, le mécanisme réputationnel nous semble mieux concilier deux conceptions opposées du comportement des acteurs que sont l’homo economicus et l’homo sociologicus. De ce fait, ce mécanisme est susceptible de constituer un cadre d'analyse intéressant pour la modélisation des comportements bancaires notamment dans le contexte des PED africains où les incertitudes restent exacerbées et où prédominent des rationalités économiques beaucoup plus fondées sur les valeurs. En second lieu, les résultats de notre enquête statistique de terrain permettent de montrer qu'au Cameroun, par rapport aux Institutions Financières Décentralisées (IFD) comme la MicroFinance, les Institutions Financières Formelles (IFF) semblent accorder une moindre importance aux pratiques réputationnelles dans leur comportement d'allocation des capitaux, en particulier aux PME. Ceci est susceptible d'apporter une des meilleures explications au différentiel de performance micro-économique, se situant ici à l'avantage des IFD.Enfin, la même enquête nous permet de mettre fortement en évidence l'existence de nombreux facteurs à la fois internes et externes empêchant aux deux catégories de banques une meilleure prise en compte du mécanisme réputationnel. Ce constat nous conduit à proposer des axes ou pistes de réflexion, à formuler et à justifier un ensemble de recommandations à la fois organisationnelles, institutionnelles et réglementaires associées. Ceci dans l’objectif de construire un système bancaire camerounais plus fiable et plus solide en incitant les banques à mieux intégrer les pratiques réputationnelles dans leur jugement d'octroi de crédit aux emprunteurs. / This thesis focusses on the problematic of the efficiency of intermediate finance on the economic growth and development processes. It concerned, on one hand, the resolution of inefficiency problems resulting from the presence of asymmetric information and uncertainty involved credit markets when reputational mechanisms implemented through banks-borrowers long-term relationships are used and, on the other hand, the conditions in which these mechanisms could emerged and expanded, in particular in a developing country such as Cameroon.The thesis thus has, at the same time, conceptual, empirical and normative purpose First of all, we tried to enrich the theoretical debate about relevance and interest of the reputational mechanism relating banking intermediation process. We show that, while in the models of agency where judicial penalties and pressures mechanisms are often ineffective and expensive, only the auto-enforceable character of the reputational mechanism is enough to guarantee its efficacious functioning. Furthermore, for us, the reputational mechanism seems better to reconcile the two usual opposite conceptions of agents behaviors that are homoeconomicus and homosociologicus. Therefore, this mechanism might constitute an interesting analysis framework for modeling banking behavior, in particular in the context of African economies where uncertainties remain aggravated and where much more economic rationalities based on the values prevail.Secondly, our statistical survey issues clearly shows that in Cameroon, with regard to decentralized financial institutions (DFIs) like Microfinance unities, formal financial institutions (FFI) seem to attach less importance to reputational practices in their capital allowance behaviour, especially to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This is likely to provide a better explanation of the differential micro-economic performance, situated here to the advantage of DFI.Finally, the same above mentioned survey strongly reveal the existence of many both internal and external factors preventing both categories of banks in a better consideration of reputational mechanisms. We then proposed axes or lines of reflection, formulated and justified a set of corporate, institutional and regulatory associated recommendations. This with the aim to build a more reliable and more solid Cameroonian banking system by inciting banks to better integrate reputational practices in their judgment of granting credits to borrowers.