<p>Worldwide amphibians and reptiles are declining with habitat fragmentation and destruction as the primary cause. Riparian areas are important for the herpetofauna, but as land is converted to agriculture or harvested for timber the areas are diminishing. The aim of this study was to examine amphibian and reptile abundance in relation to distance from water and in relation to habitat characteristics, foremost per cent deciduous trees. The survey was conducted during spring at six different locations, with continuous forest along streams or rivers, outside of Karlstad, Sweden. Animals were searched along four lines parallel to the water and each study area was visited five times. Statistical analyses were made for grass snake (<em>Natrix natrix</em>), common lizard (<em>Lacerta vivipara</em>) and frogs with joined data of common frog (<em>Rana temporaria</em>) and moor frog (<em>R. arvalis</em>). As expected both reptiles were positively correlated with per cent deciduous trees, with the strongest significance for the common lizard. For grass snake there was also a difference between survey periods, which might reflect the importance of weather. Frogs revealed no trends to trees, but there was a significant difference for habitat characteristics like amount woody debris and per cent bare ground. None of the species were correlated with distance from water which was surprising, especially for the frogs which is more dependent on water than the reptiles. Grass snakes hunt in the water, but the common lizard has no such associations to the water, yet the latter did reveal a slight trend towards being more numerous closer to the water. The causes behind lacking correlation to distance from water may be many, but water characteristics seem very important. Many amphibians prefer warm and calm ponds over running water that in general are colder and likely to inhabit more predators. It was assumed that the amphibians breed in the streams or rivers, but it is possible that other water bodies may have served as breeding sites, which mean the starting point was incorrect.</p>

Worldwide amphibians and reptiles are declining with habitat fragmentation and destruction as the primary cause. Riparian areas are important for the herpetofauna, but as land is converted to agriculture or harvested for timber the areas are diminishing. The aim of this study was to examine amphibian and reptile abundance in relation to distance from water and in relation to habitat characteristics, foremost per cent deciduous trees. The survey was conducted during spring at six different locations, with continuous forest along streams or rivers, outside of Karlstad, Sweden. Animals were searched along four lines parallel to the water and each study area was visited five times. Statistical analyses were made for grass snake (Natrix natrix), common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) and frogs with joined data of common frog (Rana temporaria) and moor frog (R. arvalis). As expected both reptiles were positively correlated with per cent deciduous trees, with the strongest significance for the common lizard. For grass snake there was also a difference between survey periods, which might reflect the importance of weather. Frogs revealed no trends to trees, but there was a significant difference for habitat characteristics like amount woody debris and per cent bare ground. None of the species were correlated with distance from water which was surprising, especially for the frogs which is more dependent on water than the reptiles. Grass snakes hunt in the water, but the common lizard has no such associations to the water, yet the latter did reveal a slight trend towards being more numerous closer to the water. The causes behind lacking correlation to distance from water may be many, but water characteristics seem very important. Many amphibians prefer warm and calm ponds over running water that in general are colder and likely to inhabit more predators. It was assumed that the amphibians breed in the streams or rivers, but it is possible that other water bodies may have served as breeding sites, which mean the starting point was incorrect.

This thesis provides a syntactic and semantic analysis of bare arguments and classifiers in Thai as well as accounting for its nominal word order. Adopting the Nominal Mapping Parameter (Chierchia 1998), it is argued that Thai nouns are names of kinds. Kinds are of type <s,e>, which are allowed to appear without overt determiners in argument position. For this reason, Thai nouns cannot directly combine with a quantifier without the help of a classifier. The study shows that Thai arguments behave like English bare arguments (bare plurals and mass nouns) in that they exhibit scopelessness and can be interpreted with different meanings such as weak indefinite, generic and kind interpretations. Unlike English bare arguments, the Thai counterparts may also have a definite interpretation. This is because Thai lacks an overt definite determiner. In addition, the thesis provides a unified analysis for the occurrence of Thai classifiers in different contexts. It is assumed that a classifier occurs in a quantified context to provide a portion of a kind (Krifka 1995, Chierchia 1998). The thesis further proposes that a classifier occurs in a non-quantified context where there is no overt numeral when the noun phrase is specific. A specific noun phrase includes those appearing with a demonstrative, the numeral ‘one’ or a modifier. As for the word order within the nominal domain, it is proposed that the noun, although merged at the bottom of the Specific Phrase underlyingly, always appears in the initial position to check an uninterpretable nominal feature in the Specific head.

This thesis provides a syntactic and semantic analysis of bare arguments and classifiers in Thai as well as accounting for its nominal word order. Adopting the Nominal Mapping Parameter (Chierchia 1998), it is argued that Thai nouns are names of kinds. Kinds are of type <s,e>, which are allowed to appear without overt determiners in argument position. For this reason, Thai nouns cannot directly combine with a quantifier without the help of a classifier. The study shows that Thai arguments behave like English bare arguments (bare plurals and mass nouns) in that they exhibit scopelessness and can be interpreted with different meanings such as weak indefinite, generic and kind interpretations. Unlike English bare arguments, the Thai counterparts may also have a definite interpretation. This is because Thai lacks an overt definite determiner. In addition, the thesis provides a unified analysis for the occurrence of Thai classifiers in different contexts. It is assumed that a classifier occurs in a quantified context to provide a portion of a kind (Krifka 1995, Chierchia 1998). The thesis further proposes that a classifier occurs in a non-quantified context where there is no overt numeral when the noun phrase is specific. A specific noun phrase includes those appearing with a demonstrative, the numeral ‘one’ or a modifier. As for the word order within the nominal domain, it is proposed that the noun, although merged at the bottom of the Specific Phrase underlyingly, always appears in the initial position to check an uninterpretable nominal feature in the Specific head.

Revised; Originally Published: 2000 / 8 pp. / Whether you are beginning a new landscape or renovating an existing one, planning ahead can prevent many problems. The majority of maintenance requirements and plant problems result from either selecting the wrong kind of plant for a location or planting an inferior specimen of the selected plant type. In other words, there are two decisions to be made: ▪ What species, or kind, of tree are you going to buy — an oak, pine, mesquite, or acacia? ▪ Assuming you decide on an oak, which one in the row of oaks at the nursery are you going to buy? The first decision is called Plant Selection and the second is Selecting Plants. Our goal is to install the right plant in the right place. This publication will cover the factors involved in making good decisions to achieve this goal.

This thesis describes the design of an instrument for the protection of personnel carrying out live line bare hand maintenance of power transmission circuits. This instrument monitors the leakage current along equipment to ground and sounds an alarm when preset thresholds are exceeded. The leakage current monitor is microprocessor controlled, resulting in both flexible and user friendly operation. The prototype constructed, has been tested and found to perform very well.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-20T18:43:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Fernando Alexandre Rieger.pdf: 817083 bytes, checksum: a3874e80862147026a8eda5b422039da (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T18:38:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Fernando Alexandre Rieger.pdf: 817083 bytes, checksum: a3874e80862147026a8eda5b422039da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T18:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Fernando Alexandre Rieger.pdf: 817083 bytes, checksum: a3874e80862147026a8eda5b422039da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / CAPES / A erosão hídrica é uma das principais causas de degradação dos solos no mundo, gerando importantes impactos econômicos e ambientais. O aumento da pressão sobre os recursos naturais água e solo em virtude da expansão da agropecuária e silvicultura para produção de alimentos, fibras e energia, apresenta-se como um desafio a ser equacionado no contexto da sustentabilidade. Dessa forma, torna-se cada vez mais premente a necessidade do uso de técnicas/processos que permitam o uso mais adequado dos recursos naturais água e solo, respeitando suas limitações quanto aos aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Nesse contexto, os sistemas integrados de produção, tais como a integração Lavoura, Pecuária e Floresta (ILPF), bem como as demais práticas/sistemas que preconizem a manutenção da cobertura do solo, apresentam-se como importante possibilidade para o uso sustentável da água e do solo. Objetivou-se com a realização do presente trabalho estudar as perdas de água e solo, sob chuva natural, em diferentes configurações de uso e cobertura da terra. A pesquisa foi conduzida no campo experimental da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, no município de Sinop, estado de Mato Grosso. O clima da região, segundo a classificação de Köppen, é Aw (clima tropical), com temperatura e precipitação média anual de 24,7 °C e 1.974 mm ano-1, respectivamente. O solo no local do experimento é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, com textura argilosa com horizonte A moderado, apresentando relevo suave ondulado de 0 a 8 % de declive. As unidades experimentais constaram de parcelas instaladas em seis diferentes usos e coberturas do solo, respectivamente: Pastagem, sistema com integração Lavoura e Floresta, área com plantio de Eucalipto, Lavoura com sucessão soja e milho, Solo Descoberto e Mata. As parcelas experimentais possuem dimensões de 22 x 6 m (132 m2), delimitadas, superior e lateralmente, por chapas galvanizadas de 3,00 x 0,30 m, cravadas no solo aproximadamente 0,15 m. Na extremidade inferior foram instaladas calhas coletoras do escoamento, a qual, através de um cano de PVC, conduzia o escoamento às caixas de coleta. A precipitação total no período de estudo foi de 1.997,1 mm, sendo 384,2 mm no ano de 2012 e 1.613 mm no ano de 2013, concentrando-se no período de janeiro a março de 2013. O mesmo ocorre com a erosividade da chuva que teve os maiores picos nos meses de precipitações mais elevadas, apresentando valores de 2.789 em janeiro, 3.009 em fevereiro e 3.625 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 em março, com total anual de 16.092 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1. Os valores obtidos para as perdas de água variaram de 10,3 mm a 675,3, o que representou 0,5 e 33,8 % da precipitação acumulada no período de estudo, respectivamente para os tratamentos Mata e Solo Descoberto. A perda de água no tratamento Solo Descoberto foi, em média, 94% superior aos demais tratamentos, o que evidencia o efeito da cobertura vegetal sobre a redução do escoamento superficial. As perdas de solo nos tratamentos estudados ficaram abaixo da tolerância da perda de solo anual, com exceção do tratamento Solo Descoberto onde constatou-se que a perda de solo foi 1,5 vezes maior do que o limite tolerável. / The soil erosion is one of main drivers of soil degradation in Brazil, and it has causing great economic and environmental impacts. The increasing pressure on natural resources, such as water and soil, due to the expansion of agriculture and livestock for food, fiber and energy production, poses a great challenge to be managed in the context of sustainable development. In this regard, it is compelling the need for techniques that enables the sustainable use of water and soil, respecting their quantity and quality limitations. In this context, the integrated systems, as crop, livestock and forest integration (ILPF), as well as additional practices/systems that favor the maintenance of soil cover, are an important possibility to achieve the sustainable use of water and soil. The aim of this work was to study the water and soil losses under natural rainfall in different land use and cover settings. The research was carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Agrosilvopastoral, in Sinop, state of Mato Grosso. The climate of the region is classified as Aw, according to Köppen, with average temperature and rainfall of 24,7 °C and 1.974 mm ano-1, respectively. The soil in the experimental area is classified as a dystrophic red yellow heavy clay Latosol, presenting plain to soft undulated relief (0 to 8 %). The treatments comprised six experimental plots under different land use and cover, respectively a perennial pasture, crop and forestry integrated system (ILF), eucalyptus plantation, soybean-corn crop in succession cropping, bare soil and forest. The plot size is 22 m long and 6m wide (132 m2), bounded by galvanized sheets of 3.00 x 0.30 m, inserted 0.15 m into the soil. In the lower end of the plots were placed a collecting trough that leads the runoff, through a PVC pipe, to tanks. The total rainfall during the study period was 1.997,1 mm, respectively 384,2 mm in 2012 and 1.613 mm in 2013, with concentrating period from January to March 2013. The same occurs with rainfall erosivity that presented the highest values during the months with high precipitation, ranging from 2.789 in January, 3.009 in February and 3.625 MJ mm ha- 1 h- 1 in March, with mean annual rainfall erosivity of 16.092 MJ mm ha- 1 h- 1 year- 1. The water losses ranged from 10,3 to 675,3mm, which represented 0,5 and 33,8 % of the total rainfall during the study period, respectively for treatments under forest and bare soil. The water loss in the treatment under bare soil was, on average, 94 % higher than the others, which demonstrates the effect of vegetation in reducing runoff. Soil losses in the evaluated treatments were below the average tolerance limits, except for the treatment under bare soil, where it was found that soil loss was 1,5 times higher than the average tolerance limits.

Women and children are often the focus of humanitarian aid campaigns, generally considered to be the main victims of humanitarian emergencies. Previous research has explored the portrayal of victims within humanitarian action, focusing on humanitarian images, and how humanitarianism portrays the refugee. There is not, however, a lot of research that focuses on the humanitarian aid campaigns themselves, and not either on women´s victimisation specifically. This thesis thus makes a contribution to research by conducting a critical analysis of women´s portrayal in humanitarian aid campaigns, asking the research question of how women in the Democratic Republic of Congo are portrayed in humanitarian aid campaigns, with a broader aim of examining why humanitarian aid campaigns are gender based. I argue in this thesis through a single within case study that the empirical case “The worst period of her life” campaign created by ActionAid UK victimises women by associating women´s dignity with menstrual health, appealing to donors through the common hardships of menstruation, and picturing women as passive victims. The woman is portrayed as someone who is not capable of action, requiring external intervention. Using Agamben´s framework of “bare life” and homo sacer, this thesis concludes that women´s portrayal in the “The worst period of her life” campaign reduces the female victim to the realm of “bare life”. The already disadvantageous position that women have in the broader societal structure is reinforced by removing their agency in humanitarian aid campaigns. The results thus highlight problematic factors of women´s portrayal in humanitarian aid campaigns, opening for further research on the implications of the victimisation of women within humanitarian action.

On 27 February 2020, Erdogan announced that he would open the Turkish border, allowing refugees to cross into Europe. Greece’s response was the deployment of military forces and the suspension of asylum applications. This study theoretically draws heavily upon Giorgio Agamben’s work on biopolitics by analyzing discourses conducted by three representatives of the Greek government. It illustrates how the New Democracy party represents the arrival of asylum seekers at the Greek-Turkish border and investigates the rationale it developed regarding the implementation of the exceptional measures. The portrayal of asylum seekers as an ‘asymmetrical threat’ activates the biopolitical machine and through the exception, the sovereign exposes its raw power over the bodies of refugees, and the management of death becomes sovereign’s absolute objective. Consequently, the exception becomes indistinguishable from the norm and expands beyond the Greek-Turkish border, rendering those who dispute the Greek government’s practices as a potential homo sacer.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13207号 / 論医博第2161号 / 新制||医||1031(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 福原 俊一, 教授 湊谷 謙司, 教授 小池 薫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM