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Thesis (M.S.)--Northern Michigan University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 traficante_dp_me_jabo.pdf: 1568154 bytes, checksum: e9230b2e4ff60845b3fe6ffebb26eea6 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O município de Botucatu está localizado na região centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo, a 230 km da capital, com altitudes variando de 400 a 950 metros. Essa geomorfologia propicia a formação de quedas d’água, cujo relevo chamado “Cuesta” é divisor de águas entre a Bacia do Rio Paranapanema e a Bacia do Rio Tietê. É na microbacia do Alto Rio Capivara (Bacia do Tietê) onde está situado o Parque Natural Municipal Cachoeira da Marta, Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral, conhecido como “Parque da Marta”, tendo como principal atrativo a Cachoeira da Marta (38 metros de queda d’água), sendo um local muito procurado para a prática de atividades de lazer e ecoturismo. A Cachoeira é abastecida pelas águas do Córrego do Roseira, tendo como principal afluente o Córrego do Canela, que ao se juntarem, formam o Rio Capivara. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar as condições limnológicas de balneabilidade da Cachoeira da Marta em interface com as possíveis fontes potenciais de poluição para propor medidas de recuperação e conservação através da analise dos parâmetros físico-químicos (TºC da água, pH, Condutividade elétrica, Oxigênio dissolvido, Nitrogênio total e Fósforo total) e microbiológicos (Coliformes totais e termotolerantes). As coletas de água foram bimensais durante 12 meses, de Junho/2009 a Maio/2010, em 5 pontos amostrais diferentes, sendo 3 pontos (P1, P2 e P3) no Córrego do Roseira, 1 ponto na junção dos Córregos do Roseira e Canela (P4) e 1 ponto no Córrego do Canela (P5). Os P2, P3 e P4 se localizavam dento do Parque da Marta. Para a comparação das médias nos pontos amostrais foi realizada a analise de variância (ANOVA) seguidas do Teste de Tukey (Tukey’s Studentized Range – HSD) para as variáveis que apresentaram distribuição normal e o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para as variáveis... / Botucatu is a municipality located in the central south region of Sao Paulo State, 230 km away from de the capital at altitudes ranging from 400 to 950 meters. The landforms in this region favor the formation of waterfalls; the relief, called “Cuesta” is a water divisor for the watersheds of Paranapanema and Tiete Rivers. In the micro-watershed of Capivara Highest River (Tiete watershed) is located the Marta’s Waterfall Natural Park, a protected area, know as “Marta’s Park”, where the Marta’s waterfall (38 meters by heigh) is the principal atractive and have been searched for tourism and leisure activities. The waterfall is supply by the Roseira River and his principal tributary is the Canela River and when they to join up, they transformer in the Capivara River. This study aimed to evaluate the limnological conditions for the bathing water quality by the Marta’s Waterfall associated with the possible potential source by pollution and suggest conservation and recovery measures through the physicochemical (water temperature (ºC), pH, eletric condutivity, dissolved oxigen, total nitrogen, total phosporus) and microbiological parameters (total and thermotolerants coliforms). The water samples were bimonthly collected for 12 months, between June/2009 ande May/2010, in different sites over the streams , in 5 diffrents collections sites, 3 sites (P1, P2 e P3) are inside in Roseira River, 1 site in the joiing at Roseira and Canela Rivers (P4) e 1 site located in Canela River (P5). For comparison of medias in the collections sites was realized the variance analisys (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) for the medias that showed normal distribution and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for the medias that doesn’t showed normal distribuition, both in the 5% significance level. In the collection sites 1 and 5 were founded medias for dissolved oxigen... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This dissertation interrogates the agency of provincial communities in the Roman Empire to shape their urban environments though the integration of non-local building types, specifically Roman-style baths. By applying an urban-studies approach to the examination of these technologically complex and socially significant building types, this study intervenes in the traditional study of Roman baths, which have primarily studied these facilities in isolation or focused exclusively on their design and layout. Instead, this dissertation explores the placement of Roman-style baths in provincial settlements, the urban contexts of their integration, and the influence that pre-existing baths and bathing culture had on the construction of Roman-style baths. Recognizing that provincial communities made deliberate choices regarding the location of Roman-style baths in their pre-existing urban framework, this dissertation explores the factors that helped dictate the placement of these bathing facilities. Rather than focus on a single region of the Roman world, this dissertation studies the placement of baths in one hundred settlements across eleven provinces that stretch from the Britannia in the west and Asia in the East. This transregional study presents a balance between exploring empire-wide trends and local practices concerning the urban context of Roman baths, as well as the relationship between the two and reveals the widespread preference for placing Roman baths in high-traffic locations, where access and visibility would be greatest. This dissertation ends with a focused examination of baths in Roman Greece and Britain to investigate how pre-existing bathing culture influenced the integration of Roman-style baths in these regions and how the preferred high-traffic locations were adapted by the local communities to accommodate these facilities. These case studies highlight the preference for these provincial communities to construct their baths afresh in new locations that best suited local needs and expectations. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation examines the placement of Roman-style baths in provincial communities to investigate the factors that influenced the integration of these bathing facilities into pre-established urban landscapes. A total of one hundred settlements across eleven provinces are studied in order to identify the factors that influenced the placement and integration of these non-local building types and how these factors varied between regions. In addition, focused case studies on Roman-style baths in Britain and Greece are used to explore how pre-existing bathing culture impacted the adoption of Roman public baths. This dissertation represents the first transregional study of the placement of Roman-style baths and contributes to a growing trend of scholarship that highlights the agency of local communities in the adoption of the Roman cultural practice of public bathing.

This thesis investigation an project design were driven by the desire to develop an understanding of how architecture addresses the senses. Guided by the practice of a craft, the vestige of art, architectural history and precedent, and the physiology of the five senses, an idea for a thermal bath was expressed through material. This book is a record of that process. / Master of Architecture

<p>The aim of this paper is to explain and compare non-compliance of two EU-directives, “the quality of bathing water” and “the working time directive”. This study answers the questions: Why didn’t Sweden implement the directive on bathing water quality and the working time directive correctly? Are the reasons for non-compliance the same or different in the two cases? The paper is designed as a case study and with an explanatory attempt we explain why the two directives weren’t implemented correctly in Sweden. The theoretical approach is based on both general- and EU-specific implementation theories. The reason why the directive on quality of bathing water wasn’t implemented correctly was firstly because of the differences between the Swedish political contents and the EU-directive’s, secondly the vague formulation that caused problems with understanding how to implement the directive. Third and lastly the implementation suffered from the lack of administrative resources. The working time directive had problems with the political contents and the resistance from the trade union and government, which caused delays with the implementation of the directive. By studying these two cases this paper concludes that there is only one point of similarity between the cases, i.e. the political contents.</p>

The insertion of the bathroom into the floor plan of the traditional gentry house at the end of the seventeenth century disrupted the established sequence of rooms and the social order embodied in it. The gradual and uncoordinated trend towards bathroom ownership partook of the evolution of ideas about privacy, comfort and the specialisation of rooms in the grand house, and culminated in the compact bathroom. The revival of bathing took place against the backdrop of the Scientific Revolution, and was initiated by physicians. At first, the benefits of different methods of bathing were hotly contested. However, by the end of the century, physicians were beginning to believe that cleanliness, rather than cold water, was the key to good health. Although the rich often continued to build large plunge baths, this shift paved the way for the eventual dominance of the compact bathroom. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, a specialised bathing room within the house was out of reach for people of ordinary means. Changes to the plumbing trade were intertwined with developments that were to bring bathroom ownership within reach. In eighteenth-century Scotland, increasing numbers of bathroom projects might have been expected to expand the work of plumbers, but technological, commercial and legislative change—in particular the separation of design from construction—undermined their monopoly on their craft. Goods that had been manufactured on site and with local materials at the beginning of the eighteenth century were, by the beginning of the nineteenth, designed by a new breed of entrepreneur–inventor, manufactured by less skilled workers, and could be purchased in a shop and installed by a handyman with no particular trade identity. However, knowledge about the health benefits of bathing and technical advances are, in themselves, inadequate to account for the growing importance of bathrooms. The explanation lies in social, not technological or scientific change. Visiting public bathhouses exposed bathers to physical, moral and social pollution, at a time when failure to comply with the dictates of bodily cleanliness could provoke the disgust of one’s peers. Disgust constructed and policed the boundaries between social groups. Private bathing facilities met the requirements of bodily propriety without the risk of contamination. Moreover, a privately owned bathhouse in the grounds provided a focus for tourists or a site for intimate sociability. Bathhouses were a means of displaying wealth, taste and the fruits of the Grand Tour. Visitors could identify themselves with owners through the consumption of culture, improve their aesthetic skills through writing and drawing, and make claims to gentility through their appreciation of what they saw. As owners began to withdraw from the ever-increasing numbers of tourists, and from the formal sociability of the country seat, their bathhouses became a place for sociability in retirement which offered all kinds of entertainments, from boating and fishing, to cards and music.

Background: Low participation in sport and physical activity pose a continuing public health challenge. In response, partnership approaches have commonly been employed in community public health interventions. However, evidence concerning sport and physical activity partnerships remains underdeveloped. Aim and methods: The aim of the research was to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of community stakeholders participating in Community Sports Networks (CSNs) in England. A mixed methods research design was adopted. The quantitative component consisted of a sample of 171 CSN members from across England. The qualitative component consisted of a sample of 23 key informants from a single county in the South West of England. A synthesised grounded theory approach was used to integrate data. This involved: 1. Analysis of survey responses. 2. Analysis of interview transcripts. 3. Analysis of additional data including notes from CSN meetings and secondary documents. In addition, inferential statistical analyses were conducted on the quantitative data to assess the contributions from sets of predictor variables on the value of binary outcome variables. The results showed: 1. Participation in CSNs could be explained by a conceptual model which located 'searching for value' as the core category. Four sub-categories of notionally endorsing, speculating, scrutinising, and embedding helped to explain the participation process. 2. Perceived costs (OR = 0.89, 95% Cl 0.82 to 0.94, P < 0.05) were more important than perceived benefits (OR = 1.05, 95% Cl 0.98 to 1.14, P > 0.05) for predicting sense of satisfaction. Perceived costs (OR= 0.83, 95% Cl 0.74 to 0.94, P < 0.05) and communication (OR= 0.83, 95% Cl 0.67 to 0.81, P < 0.05) were strong predictors of sense of ownership. 3. Perceived benefits may have to be at least twice the level of perceived costs for a favourable cost-benefit ratio. Conclusions: Factors facilitating the creation of value promote stakeholder participation in CSN activities. However, the participation process is subject to a range of challenges which require constant attention.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Zürich, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Zürich, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.