Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDERSON COSTA.pdf: 744727 bytes, checksum: 0a870df2ba609fe6781ab8c7c1114add (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-02 / This text, besides being a thesis, is an account of a personal journey. The academic aim is to reflect on the possibilities of the Cut-Up Films produced by Antony Balch and William S. Burroughs as elements that destabilize perception in the context of the North-American society of the 1960s. In theoretical terms, this society finds itself in a crisis of meaning, triggered by the decadence of disciplinary spaces and by the appearance of systems of control, concepts here understood in the perspectives of Michel Foulcault and Gilles Deleuze. My hypothesis is that by the change in the perception we have of society, we go through a change in consciousness that is fundamental if we want to take more complex social changes into account. This possibility dialogizes with the beatnik ideals present in the countercultural movement that underlies the work of Burroughs and Balch. On the other hand, this work is also a personal journey in search of my own experiences. It is about a trip in search of an old car, which is a pretext for a parallel discussion on how attitudes can contribute, somehow, for a rupture in patterns of behavior and the dominating market laws. / Este texto é, além de uma dissertação de Mestrado, um relato de uma jornada pessoal. O objetivo acadêmico é refletir sobre as possibilidades dos Cut-Up Films produzidos por Antony Balch e William S. Burroughs, enquanto elementos desestabilizadores da percepção no contexto da sociedade norte-americana de meados dos anos 60. Em termos teóricos, essa sociedade encontra-se numa crise de sentido, desencadeada pela decadência dos espaços disciplinares e pelo início dos sistemas de controle, conceitos aqui entendidos pelas perspectivas de Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze. A hipótese considerada é que pela mudança na percepção que temos da sociedade, passamos por uma transformação da consciência, que é fundamental para se pensar mudanças sociais mais complexas. Essa possibilidade dialoga com os ideais beatniks do movimento contracultural que dá cenário ao trabalho de Burroughs e Balch. Por outro lado, este trabalho também é uma jornada em busca das minhas próprias experiências. Trata-se de uma viagem em busca de um carro antigo, o qual serve de mote para uma discussão paralela, sobre como atitudes podem contribuir, de alguma forma, com a ruptura dos padrões de comportamento e leis dominantes de mercado.

This essay focuses on gender roles, individualism and collectivism in Jack Kerouac’s classic road-trip novel On the Road. In order to put the discussion into a meaningful context, I look at the novel from a historical perspective and examine how it relates to post-war American society. I argue that the novel is, in many ways, representative of a society existing in a field of tension between individualism and collectivism, and that its notion of individual freedom, at the time revolutionary, can be seen as retrogressive with regard to the book’s portrayal and treatment of women. The essay features a discussion of what kind of individual freedom is presented in On the Road and how this freedom relates to typical American individualism as well as American post-war societal norms, the norm of the nuclear family in particular. This is followed by a brief analysis of how the novel influenced future generations, specifically in terms of sexual liberation. This analysis introduces a discussion of the way in which women are portrayed in the book and how this portrayal both represents collective progress in post- war America—women are often described as financially independent—and a phallocentric type of individualism. I then show that this individualism is connected to an unthinking optimism which, I argue, is one of the key causes of the retrogressive view of women exemplified by the book. My study ultimately demonstrates that the novel’s notion of individualism—an individualism which was highly influential for future generations and is usually viewed as progressive—can arguably be seen as retrogressive in terms of Kerouac's representation of gender roles.

From beatniks to hippies — challenging and revolving subcultural youths in Sweden 1959 to 1969 The purpose of this work has been to explore and analyse the transformation of the youth subcultures beatniks and hippies in a Swedish context between 1959 and 1969, by searching answers to the following questions: What was the background of the subcultures ? How were these subcultures established, transformed and developed in a Swedish context? What became their typical style and taste?, and in what rooms and places were these cultures practiced by Swedish youths?        Mass media, especially TV but also radio, film, books and records brought the world in and were the main reason youths in Sweden could identify themselves through foreign subcultures. They adapted most of the original style but brought in some local elements.       My studies show a close link between the beatnik-subculture and the hippie-subculture, in Sweden transformed through the mod-subculture. The freedom-movement and visions spread by “the beat-generation” were important as inspiration and guide to unite youths and challenge the national hegemony. The mod-culture established the subcultural practises in public rooms. The transnational bounds in the hippie-culture set a global perspective of the world rather than the previous regional or national perspectives.         It is shown in the study that intersectional boundaries were pushed by the subcultures. They helped to bring up equality among sexes and were a main force for women’s liberation throughout the 60’s. All classes were in some way involved in the subcultures, although they practised them in different ways.         Subcultural youth style was commercialized, popularised and became in many ways mainstream during the 60’s. These youth-cultures had a vast impact on cultural changes as well as changes in society in Sweden during the time of my research.

Name of the author: Linda Dejdarová School: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts Institute of Linguistics and Finno-Ugric Studies Nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38 Prague 1 Program: Finnish philology Title: Life and Literature under the Ground: Underground culture in Finland in the late 60s and the early 70s Consultant: Mgr. Jan Dlask, Ph.D. Number of pages: 131 (117 + 14 pages of Attachments) Number of attachments: 4 Year: 2012 Key words: Finnish underground, alternative culture, underground literature, underground comics, anarchism, avant-garde, beat-generation, beatniks, hippies, yippies This Master's thesis aims to chart the Finnish underground culture and the ways it was expressed. The time period covered is mainly the late 60s and the early 70s, which was the period of the most significant underground activity. First I deal with the reasons behind the birth of underground culture in general and with its impact on the birth of Finnish underground. This Master's thesis deals with the Finnish underground-culture from the cultural and sociological point of view. I introduce its most important personalities and their work as well as some important cultural events and other sociological links. In this Master's thesis underground-culture is perceived as a complex of many forms of art including...

Les pages qui suivent comprennent les deux volets requis dans le cadre de ma maîtrise en études littéraires à l'Université Laval de Québec (Canada) en recherche-création, soit le volet création et le volet essai. Le roman autofictif *Douée pour la fête* consiste en une suite fragmentaire qui alterne entre deux temporalités : la relation amoureuse entre Lou et Zed dans une banlieue de la Rive-Sud de Québec, et les contrecoups de la rupture, au présent, quand Lou étudie à Paris pour une année d'échange international. Le second volet, *Elles voyagent dans leur tête : lettres à Joyce Johnson*, est un essai biocritique autoréflexif construit sous une forme épistolaire. Il regroupe quatre lettres dédiées à l'autrice américaine Joyce Johnson, romancière, mémoiriste, essayiste et biographe de Jack Kerouac. Dans la première lettre, je présente et clarifie ses associations avec la Beat Generation; dans la deuxième, j'insiste sur la façon dont le désir d'appartenir à un groupe oblige parfois à adopter des codes sociaux qui peuvent s'avérer risqués dans le monde réel, particulièrement d'un point de vue genré normatif; dans la troisième missive, j'aborde la complexité de la prise de parole dans l'espace public, les contradictions rencontrées lors de la recherche d'indépendance en plus d'une piste de solution, enfin, dans la quatrième et ultime lettre, je déconstruis le mythe *beat* du voyage et me pose la question : arrivons-nous vraiment un jour à destination? / This thesis includes the two mandatory parts that, together, fulfil the requirements of the Master's degree in of Literary Studies at University Laval, Québec (Canada): the creative section and the self-reflexive essay, which, in the case of this thesis, come in the form of a novel and letters. My autofictional novel, *Douée pour la fête*, consists in fragmented and factified slices of life that alternate between two periods: the romantic relationship between Lou and Zed in the suburbs of the South shore of Quebec City, and the aftermath of their break-up, written in the present tense, when Lou studies abroad for a year. The second part, *Travels Through Her Mind: Letters to Joyce Johnson*, is a series of letters addressed to American author Joyce Johnson; more precisely, the letters are addressed to the novelist, the memoirist, the essayist, the correspondent, and the biographer. In the first letter, I present and clarify Johnson's associations with the Beat Generation; in the second, I explore compromising social codes that sometimes one can force upon themselves in order to be accepted in a group, especially in a gender normative perspective; in the third letter, I explain the difficulties of raising one's voice in the public space and the contradictions encountered in the search for independence and I propose that reconciliation between individuals could come through the lenses of interdependence as initiated by the ethics of care; and lastly, in my fourth and ultimate letter, I deconstruct the Beat's myth of travelling and try to answer the question : can one ever reach their destination?

Ce mémoire en recherche-création se décline en deux parties; un roman et un essai. Le roman et l'essai se répondent, en traitant tous les deux de la période des années 50, qui représente le contexte du roman On the Road qui sera analysé dans l'essai, mais aussi le moteur créatif qui a inspiré le roman Cuvée 44. Le roman, Cuvée 44, s'inspire de la filiation des romans de route et de quête personnelle dont On the Road est un des précurseurs. Il relate la vie mouvementée de Francine Boudreau, une jeune femme de quinze ans qui quitte son Québec natal en 1959 pour un monde de possibilités qui s'offrent à elle aux États-Unis, durant les années 50 et 60. Le lecteur est transporté un peu partout au pays, alors que la jeune femme tente de se poser quelque part. L'essai, quant à lui, traite de la réception de l'œuvre phare de Kerouac, On the Road, afin d'observer comment elle a évolué selon les décennies. En faisant ressortir les diverses critiques du roman de l'écrivain de la Beat Generation, on peut ainsi ressortir les différentes postures qui lui sont accordées au travers des époques, pour en voir les constantes et les disparités.