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Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Rosa Epaminondas.pdf: 2765246 bytes, checksum: 035e32b2e018f18babd276e2515fc642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-10 / The objective of the present study was to utilize differential reinforcement of target behaviors in the repertoire of a person with the diagnosis of schizophrenia observing the general changes in his social repertoire and vocalizations. Procedures of Applied Behavior Analysis were used. The participant was a 47 years, single, semianalphabet male, descendant of a family with few economic resources and had been internalized in several psiquiatric institutions since he was 18. The participant was chosen based on direct observations of his behaviors in the institution. Three classes of problem behaviors were chosen to undergo intervention: low visual contact, low volume of voice and short sentences. The frequency of delusional speech was also quantified. The multiple baseline design was used to control de procedures. The interventions were made in individual sessions of free talks between the researcher and the participant. The researcher presented social reinforcements contingent to the target behaviors, changing it when it stabilized at a high frequency. The intervention proved effective to raise the frequency of the target behaviors. No alteration was observed on the delusional speech. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi utilizar o reforçamento diferencial de comportamentos alvos no repertório de uma pessoa com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia observando as mudanças gerais em seu repertório social e suas vocalizações. Para essa finalidade foram utilizados os procedimentos da Análise Aplicada do Comportamento. O participante foi uma pessoa do sexo masculino, de 47 anos, viúvo, semi-analfabeto, descendente de família de poucos recursos econômicos e que houvera sido internado em várias instituições especializadas para tratamentos psiquiátricos desde os 18 anos de idade. A escolha do participante foi feita a partir de observações diretas dos seus comportamentos no pátio da instituição em que se encontrava. Foram selecionados três classes de comportamentos-problema para sofrerem intervenção: o baixo contato ocular, baixo volume de voz e falas curtas. Também foi quantificada a frequência de falas delirantes durante as sessões. Para o controle dos procedimentos foi utilizado o Delineamento de Linha de Base Múltipla. As intervenções foram feitas em sessões individuais de conversa livre entre o pesquisador e o participante. O pesquisador apresentava reforçadores sociais contingentes ao comportamento alvo, trocando o mesmo quando este se estabilizava em uma alta frequência. A intervenção se mostrou eficaz para aumentar a frequência dos comportamentos alvo. Nenhuma alteração foi observada quanto às falas delirantes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iran Johnathan Silva Oliveira.pdf: 641019 bytes, checksum: f0c238b6f7a61a50dd12abd6ae082e5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-18 / This study aimed to investigate the problem behaviors of an individual diagnosed with Down syndrome in a specialized treatment unit, located within the state of Tocantins. The participant was an adult male, with 39 years of age. To intervene in the class of problem behaviors were employed strategies of Behavior Analysis. To demonstrate the experimental control procedures were used to design Reversal-Replication ABAB format, followed by follow-up. The problem behaviors of the participant selected to undergo intervention were: (a) Model with mass geometric figures, (b) Reduce the frequency of the talks "tomorrow", (c) Correct Pronunciation, (d) Interact with peers in the classroom and (e) Install a new activity: free drawing. The experiment was started with data collection to form the baseline phase I. The following sessions were held in the intervention phase I. Soon after the speech I returned to the baseline II, and then another intervention phase II. After 30 days without contact with the participant was performed follow-up. Phases of baseline there was the presence of reinforcement. In the sessions of the interventions I and II we used a treatment program with positive reinforcement procedures, modeling, modeling, fading and extinction. The results were discussed in terms of methodology, the effects achieved and the comparison of data with theory. Once the research phase, it can be stated that the treatment program was responsible for the changes made in the problem behaviors of the participant of this research. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os comportamentos-problema de um indivíduo diagnosticado com a síndrome de Down em uma unidade de tratamento especializada, localizada no interior do estado do Tocantins. O participante foi uma pessoa adulta, do sexo masculino, com 39 anos de idade. Para intervenção nas classes de comportamentos-problema foram utilizadas estratégias da Análise do Comportamento. Para demonstrar o controle experimental dos procedimentos foi utilizado o delineamento de Reversão-Replicação no formato ABAB, seguido de followup. Os comportamentos-problema do participante selecionado para sofrer intervenção foram: (a) Modelar com massa figuras geométricas; (b) Diminuir a frequência da fala amanhã ; (c) Pronúncia Correta; (d) Interagir com os colegas na sala de aula; e (e) Instalar uma nova atividade: desenho livre. O delineamento foi iniciado com a coleta de dados para compor a fase de linha de base I. A seguir, foram realizadas as sessões na fase de intervenção I. Logo após a intervenção I, retornou-se à linha de base II e em seguida, outra fase de intervenção II. Depois de 30 dias sem contato com o participante foi realizado o follow-up. Nas fases de linha de base não havia a presença de reforço. Nas sessões das intervenções I e II foi utilizado um programa de tratamento com procedimentos de reforçamento positivo, modelagem, modelação, esvanecimento e extinção. Os resultados foram discutidos em termos da metodologia aplicada, dos efeitos alcançados e da comparação dos dados com a teoria. Concluída a fase de pesquisa, pode-se afirmar que o programa de tratamento foi o responsável pelas mudanças apresentadas nos comportamentos-problema do participante da presente investigação.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Rosa Epaminondas.pdf: 2765246 bytes, checksum: 035e32b2e018f18babd276e2515fc642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-10 / The objective of the present study was to utilize differential reinforcement of target behaviors in the repertoire of a person with the diagnosis of schizophrenia observing the general changes in his social repertoire and vocalizations. Procedures of Applied Behavior Analysis were used. The participant was a 47 years, single, semianalphabet male, descendant of a family with few economic resources and had been internalized in several psiquiatric institutions since he was 18. The participant was chosen based on direct observations of his behaviors in the institution. Three classes of problem behaviors were chosen to undergo intervention: low visual contact, low volume of voice and short sentences. The frequency of delusional speech was also quantified. The multiple baseline design was used to control de procedures. The interventions were made in individual sessions of free talks between the researcher and the participant. The researcher presented social reinforcements contingent to the target behaviors, changing it when it stabilized at a high frequency. The intervention proved effective to raise the frequency of the target behaviors. No alteration was observed on the delusional speech. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi utilizar o reforçamento diferencial de comportamentos alvos no repertório de uma pessoa com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia observando as mudanças gerais em seu repertório social e suas vocalizações. Para essa finalidade foram utilizados os procedimentos da Análise Aplicada do Comportamento. O participante foi uma pessoa do sexo masculino, de 47 anos, viúvo, semi-analfabeto, descendente de família de poucos recursos econômicos e que houvera sido internado em várias instituições especializadas para tratamentos psiquiátricos desde os 18 anos de idade. A escolha do participante foi feita a partir de observações diretas dos seus comportamentos no pátio da instituição em que se encontrava. Foram selecionados três classes de comportamentos-problema para sofrerem intervenção: o baixo contato ocular, baixo volume de voz e falas curtas. Também foi quantificada a frequência de falas delirantes durante as sessões. Para o controle dos procedimentos foi utilizado o Delineamento de Linha de Base Múltipla. As intervenções foram feitas em sessões individuais de conversa livre entre o pesquisador e o participante. O pesquisador apresentava reforçadores sociais contingentes ao comportamento alvo, trocando o mesmo quando este se estabilizava em uma alta frequência. A intervenção se mostrou eficaz para aumentar a frequência dos comportamentos alvo. Nenhuma alteração foi observada quanto às falas delirantes.

Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in developing countries may not have as much access to needed behavioral services as families living in developed countries. Caregivers of children with ASD in developing countries would benefit from an affordable, efficient parent training to teach them behavior techniques to use with their children. Pyramidal training is a cost-efficient method of training individuals through peers and would be a supportive intervention for families in developing countries. This study used a repeated acquisition design across three variables to examine whether a caregiver could train another caregiver on three behavioral interventions. These interventions were appropriately redirecting repetitive behaviors, using praise, and requesting eye contact. The study also examined if the caregivers could acquire the three skills and the extent caregivers were receptive to this training model based on their comments about the training. The participants were six ethnic Macedonians or Albanians between the ages of 38 and 43 who were caregivers of a child with ASD. The results indicate the caregivers were able to train another caregiver on three skills for working with their child with autism, all the caregivers were able to acquire the three skills, and the training model's goals were socially appropriate based on participants' comments. This implicates professionals such as doctors, social workers, behavioral therapists, or school psychologists could use this form of parent training to share information throughout a family in order to benefit children with disabilities and their families.

Many families, regardless of their ethnic and cultural background, find it challenging to raise a nonverbal child with autism. Parent-implemented behavioral interventions can contribute to positive behavior change related to joint attention, imitation, and communication. However, many parents face barriers that prevent them from implementing behavioral interventions in the home. Very little research has been conducted on fathers of nonverbal children with autism to ascertain their perspectives on these barriers. In this qualitative study, a phenomenological design was used to obtain input from 12 fathers of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds residing in New York City regarding barriers to implementing behavioral interventions in the home with their nonverbal child with autism. Behavioral and humanistic theories constituted the theoretical framework. Thematic analysis resulted in the identification of themes and patterns within and across cases. Recommendations for parents and professionals include on-going in-home parent training from preschool to age 21 that focuses on acquiring instructional control over behavior and establishing effective communication with the nonverbal child with autism in the home. Study findings may help psychologists, counselors, parents, advocates, and autism treatment organizations improve parent training and counseling methods with the goal of promoting positive therapeutic outcomes.

In 2008 it was estimated that in Broward County approximately 1 in 130 was living with HIV/AIDS. Broken down by race, it was 1 in 216 Whites, 1 in 50 Blacks and 1 in 198 Hispanics. Broward County had the second highest case rate of all the counties in the state of Florida. HIV/AIDS prevention remains a critical challenge and high impact prevention strategies are needed consistently to reach the most people using limited time, effort and funds. There has been little evidence to demonstrate the relationship between sources of information, specifically media channels, and risk perception and risk behaviors. Through its ability to widely spread information and education, media (TV, radio, newspaper and internet) remains a formidable tool in addressing HIV/AIDS prevention with minorities. The literature review found few published reports that explored media and its relationship to risk perception, behavior and testing in minority communities. This epidemiological study analyzed data from the REACH 2010 Project (“Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health”), a project funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), that performed a variety of prevention interventions targeted at minority communities in Broward County, Florida. The study assessed the relationship between media as a source of information for HIV/AIDS with three behaviors; risk perception, risk behavior and HIV testing. It provides valuable information for future media interventions aimed at risk minority populations by community based organizations (CBOs), HIV/AIDS prevention service providers and state health departments.

Naturalistic behavioral interventions increase the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of child social communication skills among children with developmental delays (DD). Teaching Assistants (TAs) are ideal interventionists for delivering social communication interventions because of the significant amount of time they spend working directly with children with DD in the preschool classroom. However, professional development for TAs is often inadequate and there has been a limited amount of research in this area. In addition, TAs are often working with more than one child at a time with varying skill levels, but no research has been conducted on the use of strategies with more than one child at a time. The current single-case research study addresses gaps in the literature by answering the following questions: (1) Is there a functional relation between coaching TAs to use EMT and increases in TA’s fidelity of implementation of EMT with a child dyad?; (2) Is there a functional relation between TA’s use of EMT and increases in child social communication skills?; and (3) Are TAs able to generalize the use of EMT across students with varying social communication skills and goals? Results suggest coaching TAs contributes to increases in fidelity of implementation of EMT strategies and subsequent increases in child social communication skills. TAs were able to generalize the use of EMT across students.

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-02T19:05:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLFK.pdf: 2440883 bytes, checksum: 190080cc3b0b456d415674f0ed8c8a2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-25T18:33:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLFK.pdf: 2440883 bytes, checksum: 190080cc3b0b456d415674f0ed8c8a2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-25T18:33:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLFK.pdf: 2440883 bytes, checksum: 190080cc3b0b456d415674f0ed8c8a2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T18:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLFK.pdf: 2440883 bytes, checksum: 190080cc3b0b456d415674f0ed8c8a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The present thesis is described in research papers format, whose development is justified by literature review, phase of intervention tests to improve the plans of data collection and data collection itself. PROPOSAL 1 (Literature review) composes paper 1 and along with paper 2 present the synthesis of the analyzed variables, evaluation and intervention forms and the main results of cognitive-behavioral intervention studies on people with chronic pain, whose results helped in the conduction of the following studies. PROPOSAL 2 (Pilot study) presents a study aimed at women with fibromyalgia (FM) and poor sleep quality, whose research design allowed to evaluate: the effects of a brief behavioral intervention for pain and sleep combined with a relaxation training, and the isolated effect of relaxation training, both compared to the control group without intervention (paper 3) and the effect and order of application of the two components (pain and sleep management) of this intervention (paper 4). And, PROPOSAL 3 (Data collection) corresponds to the study conducted to women with FM and insomnia, from Multiple Baseline Design with withdrawal of the intervention and pre and post test evaluations, which was split in two articles: one of them evaluated the effect of two components of a behavioral intervention for pain management (1 - management of the physical environment conditions and 2 - interpersonal relationship management), on pain and sleep indicators (paper 5), and the other evaluated the effect of this intervention on other health indicators, besides clinical significance and reliable change (paper 6). Direct self-report and self-registration measures for pain and/or sleep assessment were considered in all intervention studies. Data showed that the brief analytical-behavioral intervention (pilot study) for pain and sleep had an impact on reducing the intensity and incapacity of pain and anxiety, and the intervention for pain (data collection itself) had an impact both on pain and sleep, anxiety, depression, stress and social skills self-reported indicators. Considering the direct measures, both studies (pilot and data collection) showed a change in the sleep pattern (mainly sleep latency) evaluated by actigraphy, but there was no change in the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). The present study results are in line with the literature, and methodological aspects were discussed. / A presente tese é descrita no formato de artigos, cujo desenvolvimento se justifica por levantamento da literatura, fase teste de intervenção para aprimoramento dos planos da coleta e coleta propriamente dita. A PROPOSTA 1 (Revisão de literatura) compõe o artigo 1 que, juntamente com o artigo 2, apresentam a síntese das variáveis analisadas, formas de avaliação e intervenção e principais resultados de estudos de intervenção cognitivo-comportamental para pessoas com dor crônica, cujos resultados auxiliaram na condução dos estudos seguintes. A PROPOSTA 2 (Estudo piloto) apresenta um estudo dirigido a mulheres com Fibromialgia (FM) e má qualidade do sono, cujo delineamento permitiu avaliar: o efeito de uma breve intervenção comportamental para dor e sono em conjunto com o treino de relaxamento, e o efeito isolado do treino de relaxamento, ambos comparados ao grupo controle sem intervenção (artigo 3) e o efeito e a ordem de aplicação dos dois componentes (manejo da dor e manejo do sono) desta intervenção (artigo 4). E a PROPOSTA 3 (Coleta propriamente dita) corresponde ao estudo conduzido à mulheres com FM e insônia, a partit do delineamento de Linha de Base Múltipla com retirada da intervenção e avaliações pré e pós teste, que foi desmembrado em dois artigos: um deles avaliou o efeito de dois componentes de uma intervenção comportamental para manejo da dor (1 – manejo de condições do ambiente físico e 2 - manejo do relacionamento interpessoal), sobre indicadores de dor e sono (artigo 5), e o outro avaliou o efeito desta intervenção sobre outros indicadores de saúde, além da significância clinica e mudança confiável (artigo 6). Medidas diretas, de autorrelato e de autorregistro, para avaliação da dor e/ou sono, foram consideradas em todos os estudos de intervenção. Os dados apontaram que a intervenção analítico-comportamental breve (estudo piloto) para dor e sono teve impacto na redução da intensidade e incapacidade decorrente da dor e ansiedade, e a intervenção para dor (Coleta propriamente dita) impactou tanto nos indicadores de dor, quanto nos indicadores do sono, ansiedade, depressão, estresse e habilidades sociais, avaliados por autorrelato. Considerando as medidas diretas, ambos os estudos (piloto e coleta propriamente dita) apresentaram alteração no padrão do sono (principalmente latência para iniciar o sono) avaliado pela actigrafia, mas não houve alteração na resposta do cortisol ao acordar (Cortisol Awakening Response - CAR). Os resultados apresentaram consonância com a literatura, e aspectos metodológicos foram discutidos.