This thesis enquires into the role of values in the attrition of teachers of physical science subjects in the formative years of their teaching careers. Recruitment and attrition have contributed to a shortage of these teachers in English schools (Bousted, 2016), and while recruitment has benefited from increased investment (Gov.uk, 2017), attrition has largely gone unaddressed. In belief system theory, values are considered to be intrinsically linked to the behaviours people exhibit (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). As the behaviour of interest in this thesis is the departure of these teachers from the profession, it was decided that the values informing this behaviour should be investigated. Values are also components of an organisation's culture, which is linked to job commitment and satisfaction (Branson, 2008). It is therefore possible that when the values of these teachers and those in school culture are aligned, this will contribute to reduced attrition. Based on the works of Rokeach (1973) and Schwartz (2012), an adapted value scale using Q-method was developed to measure the value systems of student teachers and those contributing to school culture as determined by secondary school department leaders. The measurement and comparison of these value systems showed: values held by these teachers in the formative years of their careers evolve, and ITT guides this; physical science and non-physical science student teacher value systems were shown in some instances to be similar, and in others to be noticeably different; one of the two physical science student teacher value systems was in most instances aligned with the value systems identified as being present in English secondary school culture; misalignment showed that physical science specialists place less emphasis on having a sense of belonging and on benevolence oriented values; when compared with the values in English secondary school culture, teachers in the formative years of their careers, regardless of their specialism, have the potential to overemphasise the importance of conformity oriented values. It is suggested that these combined factors contribute to the attrition of teachers of physical science subjects in the formative years of their careers.

Ce mémoire de recherche création s’intéresse à la problématique de la frontière entre les genres documentaire et fiction et à sa conception comme un espace de rencontre cinématographique pouvant ambitionner de constituer un 3e genre en soi. Genre que nous proposons de nommer « hybride ». Qu’est-ce qui justifie la persistance de l’attachement à un système binaire réductionniste ? Pourquoi les films métissant les approches documentaires et fictions font-ils souvent l’objet d’une désapprobation ou d’une négation de leur double parenté générique ? Comment penser l’hybridité ? Quels sont les critères et modèles positifs possibles de son élection en tant que genre ? Ce mémoire vise à analyser un riche corpus de films afin d’identifier comment se constitue l’hybridité et aussi comment elle est perçue, tant de la part des historiens et penseurs du cinéma que des médias et du public. Cette étude cherche à analyser des œuvres cinématographiques regroupées en quatre types emblématiques que sont le faux documentaire, le docufiction, le docudrame et le film dit hybride, afin de dégager les caractères propres à ces catégories et à proposer une modélisation du film hybride comme genre, de manière constructive et positive. Le volet création de ce mémoire est constitué d’un dossier de présentation d’un projet de film hybride intitulé La Légende de Tarō. / This Master’s memoir focuses on the border issue between documentary and fiction genres and its conception as a cinematic space for encounters, which could constitute a 3rd genre in itself. Genre that we propose to name hybrid. What justifies the persistence of the attachment to a reductionist binary system? Why do films that mix documentary and fiction approaches often meet with disapproval or negation of their duality? How to think about hybridity? What are the possible positive criteria and models for its election as a genre? This dissertation aims to analyze a rich corpus of films in order to identify how hybridity is constituted and also how it is perceived, both by film historians and thinkers, as well as by the media and the public. This study seeks to analyze cinematographic works grouped under four emblematic types, namely the mockumentary, the docufition, the docudrama and the so-called hybrid film, in order to identify the specific characteristics of these categories and to propose a model of hybrid film as a genre, in constructive and positive way. The creative component of this dissertation consists of a presentation file of a hybrid film project entitled The Legend of Tarō.

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Tidigare forskning visar att höga nivåer av andlighet kan associeras med bättre psykiskt välbefinnande och lägre nivåer av psykiska besvär. Meningsfullhet framhävs som en av nyckelkomponenterna i detta sammanhang, och framtida forskning uppmanas till att utforska bakomliggande mekanismer ytterligare. En begräsning i det aktuella forskningsläget är att majoriteten av studierna har utförts i samhällen med en stark religiös anknytning, och att ingen forskning har kunnat hittas som utforskar sambanden i det mer sekulariserade Sverige.  Denna studie syftar till att analysera eventuella samband mellan mening i livet, psykisk hälsa och trosuppfattning i en svensk kontext, för att undersöka huruvida sekularisering som samhällsförändring bör beaktas inom socialt arbete. Studiens forskningsfrågor besvarades via en enkät, och utgick från ett bekvämlighetsurval där respondenterna tillfrågades att delta i undersökningen på en offentlig plats i en av Sveriges storstäder.    Studiens resultat visar att andlighet inte kan relateras till bättre psykiskt välbefinnande, men att meningsfullhet ökar psykiskt välbefinnande och att ju högre grad av andlighet som skattas desto mer upplevelse av meningsfullhet i livet. Dessutom visar resultatet att majoriteten av undersökningens respondenter har en personlig anknytning till en andlig dimension oavsett trosuppfattning.   Utifrån studiens resultat dras slutsatsen att sekularisering i det svenska samhället inte minskar behovet av att adressera existentiella och andliga frågor inom socialt arbete. Studien indikerar en potentiell koppling mellan andlighet, meningssökande och psykiskt välbefinnande, vilket underbygger att det kan vara fördelaktigt att integrera dessa komponenter i socialt arbete för att kunna erbjuda ett mer omfattande och heltäckande stöd, och för att bättre bemöta individuella behov i ett samhälle som genomgår ökad sekularisering. / Previous research shows that high levels of religiosity/spirituality can be associated with better mental well-being and fewer mental health issues. Meaningfulness is highlighted as one of the key components in this context, and future research is encouraged to further explore underlying mechanisms. A limitation in the current research landscape is that the majority of studies have been conducted in communities with a strong religious affiliation, and no research has been found that explores these relationships in the more secularized Sweden. This study aims to analyze possible relationships between meaning in life, mental health, and belief systems in a Swedish context, to investigate whether secularization as a societal change should be considered within social work. The study's research questions were answered through a survey, based on a convenience sample where respondents were asked to participate in the survey at a public place in one of Sweden's major cities. The study's results show that religiosity/spirituality cannot be related to better mental well-being, but that meaningfulness increases mental well-being and that the higher the level of religiosity/spirituality assessed, the more experience of meaningfulness in life. Furthermore, the results show that the majority of the survey's respondents have a personal connection to a spiritual dimension regardless of their belief system. Based on the study's findings, the conclusion is drawn that secularization in Swedish society does not reduce the need to address existential and religious/spiritual questions within social work. The study indicates a potential link between religiosity/spirituality, the search for meaning, and mental well-being, which supports the integration of these components into social work to provide more comprehensive and holistic support, and to better meet individual needs in a society undergoing increased secularization.

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This study unveils the perceptions, real-life experiences and thought-processes of contract workers who dedicate their lives to the Christian faith, values and belief-system, but simultaneously endeavour to establish and follow a successful career in the volatile, cut-throat, non-Christian-based (“hedonistic”) occupational entertainment commerce. The researcher embarked on this study with a qualitative, interpretivist research approach. Data was gathered through in-depth, unstructured, face-to-face interviews with a sample of nine research participants. The sample consists of student entertainers; entertainers in the public eye, but not yet established; as well as entertainers who have successful established careers with loyal national and international audiences in the Entertainment Industry. The researcher explores and seeks to understand the core values and belief systems of the research participants with regards to their Christian religious orientation, which is statistically verified to be the most prevalent religious practise in South Africa (Nation Master, 2013; Religious affiliation by country, 2010). Hence, the research findings with regards to Christians’ approach and attitude towards their careers will contribute to a better understanding and management of the majority of the workforce in South Africa. Moreover, the expected norms, values and work ethic of the Entertainment Industry in South Africa are exposed in this study. Although existing literature upholds that the Entertainment Industry is an exceptionally unstable work environment compared to other corporate industries, this research study adds significantly to current literature as viable causes for the unstable occupational environment are also investigated and presented. Previous research only addressed several aspects of the effect on one’s career advancement if an individual’s core value system differs from the accepted norms in an organisation or industry in general. This study subsequently reveals the personal- and occupational challenges that Christian entertainers encounter in an Entertainment Industry in South Africa and how they subsequently aim to decrease the cognitive dissonance that they experience due to continuous role conflict between moral obligation and the vital necessity for employment and career advancement. The findings of this study correlate with previous research as it indicates that the research participants will generally choose and prioritise their personal core values- and moral belief system above contradictory social and professional career demands and expectations. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

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