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The protection of infant industries in SACU : the Namibian poultry industries case / Stacey Mwewa SusaSusa, Stacey Mwewa January 2014 (has links)
The Southern Africa Customs Union was first established in 1889 between the Cape
of Good Hope and the Orange Free State. It has since undergone extensive change
resulting in the current 2002 Agreement which includes an institutional framework.
SACU’s member states comprise of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and
Swaziland. The Agreement thrives on the principle of free trade within the customs
union and common external tariffs on goods entering the customs area. However, as
an exception to free trade, article 25(1) of the 2002 Agreement recognises the right
of a member state to prohibit the importation or exportation of any goods from its
area. This may be done for economic, social, cultural or other reasons as may be
agreed upon by the Council. However, article 25(3) prohibits the use of article 25(1)
as a means to protect infant industries. As a further exception to free trade, article 26
of the 2002 Agreement recognises the right of all other member states, except South
Africa, to protect their infant industries. The protection offered in this article is limited,
because the definition of infant industry is not clear as to when the inception of such
an industry must be. This causes problems with the application of article 26,
especially where an industry was established, but only became operational after the
expiry of eight years, or has been established for over eight years on a small scale
and needs protection in order to enlarge and intensify its operations.
Due to this shortfall, Namibia used its Import and Export Control Act 30 of 1994 to
protect a key industry in Namibia, the poultry industry. However, according to article
25(3), this may be considered a violation, because Namibia has used its national
legislation to protect an infant industry. The key finding of this study is that the
protection of infant industries in SACU is not sufficient to cater for the economic
needs of the member states. To this end, SACU must consider allowing national
legislation to supplement and monitor infant industry protection in the member states’
areas. In addition, SACUs institutional framework, which is not fully operational at
present, must be established to function fully, as this may help address some of the
issues in SACU. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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The protection of infant industries in SACU : the Namibian poultry industries case / Stacey Mwewa SusaSusa, Stacey Mwewa January 2014 (has links)
The Southern Africa Customs Union was first established in 1889 between the Cape
of Good Hope and the Orange Free State. It has since undergone extensive change
resulting in the current 2002 Agreement which includes an institutional framework.
SACU’s member states comprise of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and
Swaziland. The Agreement thrives on the principle of free trade within the customs
union and common external tariffs on goods entering the customs area. However, as
an exception to free trade, article 25(1) of the 2002 Agreement recognises the right
of a member state to prohibit the importation or exportation of any goods from its
area. This may be done for economic, social, cultural or other reasons as may be
agreed upon by the Council. However, article 25(3) prohibits the use of article 25(1)
as a means to protect infant industries. As a further exception to free trade, article 26
of the 2002 Agreement recognises the right of all other member states, except South
Africa, to protect their infant industries. The protection offered in this article is limited,
because the definition of infant industry is not clear as to when the inception of such
an industry must be. This causes problems with the application of article 26,
especially where an industry was established, but only became operational after the
expiry of eight years, or has been established for over eight years on a small scale
and needs protection in order to enlarge and intensify its operations.
Due to this shortfall, Namibia used its Import and Export Control Act 30 of 1994 to
protect a key industry in Namibia, the poultry industry. However, according to article
25(3), this may be considered a violation, because Namibia has used its national
legislation to protect an infant industry. The key finding of this study is that the
protection of infant industries in SACU is not sufficient to cater for the economic
needs of the member states. To this end, SACU must consider allowing national
legislation to supplement and monitor infant industry protection in the member states’
areas. In addition, SACUs institutional framework, which is not fully operational at
present, must be established to function fully, as this may help address some of the
issues in SACU. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
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Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
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Kritiese evaluering van wetgewing wat die gesondheid van kinders beïnvloedBuchner-Eveleigh, Mariana 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on 29 November 1989. Included in the inherent rights set
out in the Convention is the right to the highest attainable standard of health.
In implementing the Convention states parties must refer to the requirements
of article 2 of the Convention, which places them under a duty to respect and
ensure the rights in the Convention to each child. The term “respect” implies a
duty of good faith to refrain from actions which would breach the Convention.
The “duty to ensure”, however, requires states parties to take whatever
measures are necessary in order to enable children to enjoy their rights. A
state party must also review its legislation in order to ensure that domestic law
is consistent with the Convention.
South Africa showed commitment to protecting and promoting children’s
health when it ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child in 1995 and subsequently adopted the Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, 1996, which includes provisions guaranteeing the health rights
of children. South Africa also showed commitment to give legislative effect to
the protection and promotion of children’s health by reviewing the Health Act
63 of 1977 (reviewed as the National Health Act 61 of 2003) and the Child
Care Act 74 of 1983 (reviewed as the Children’s Act 38 of 2005).
The review of the Child Care Act 74 of 1983 revealed that the act is virtually
silent on the issue of child health. This led to the decision to identify and
evaluate existing policy and legislation, as well as pending relevant law reform
and policy affecting child health in order to assess how well South African
legislation addresses the issue. The research showed that although much
legislation exists, none provides comprehensively for child health rights. The
legislation that does exist contains obvious gaps. Most importantly, there is no
reference to the core minimum requirements for the state in providing for the
health of children, particularly in the way of health services and nutrition.
Further, there is a complete lack of legislation which protects the health needs
of disabled children.
A comparative study was also undertaken. Legislation of India and Canada
were evaluated in order to make recommendations as to how the gaps in
South African legislation can be rectified. However, the research showed that
South Africa has made far more significant progress in promoting a rightsbased
approach to children’s health in legislation. In order to ensure that the
health rights of children are protected and promoted, I propose more
comprehensive legislative protection. / Private Law / LL.D.
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Kritiese evaluering van wetgewing wat die gesondheid van kinders beïnvloedBuchner-Eveleigh, Mariana 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on 29 November 1989. Included in the inherent rights set
out in the Convention is the right to the highest attainable standard of health.
In implementing the Convention states parties must refer to the requirements
of article 2 of the Convention, which places them under a duty to respect and
ensure the rights in the Convention to each child. The term “respect” implies a
duty of good faith to refrain from actions which would breach the Convention.
The “duty to ensure”, however, requires states parties to take whatever
measures are necessary in order to enable children to enjoy their rights. A
state party must also review its legislation in order to ensure that domestic law
is consistent with the Convention.
South Africa showed commitment to protecting and promoting children’s
health when it ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child in 1995 and subsequently adopted the Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, 1996, which includes provisions guaranteeing the health rights
of children. South Africa also showed commitment to give legislative effect to
the protection and promotion of children’s health by reviewing the Health Act
63 of 1977 (reviewed as the National Health Act 61 of 2003) and the Child
Care Act 74 of 1983 (reviewed as the Children’s Act 38 of 2005).
The review of the Child Care Act 74 of 1983 revealed that the act is virtually
silent on the issue of child health. This led to the decision to identify and
evaluate existing policy and legislation, as well as pending relevant law reform
and policy affecting child health in order to assess how well South African
legislation addresses the issue. The research showed that although much
legislation exists, none provides comprehensively for child health rights. The
legislation that does exist contains obvious gaps. Most importantly, there is no
reference to the core minimum requirements for the state in providing for the
health of children, particularly in the way of health services and nutrition.
Further, there is a complete lack of legislation which protects the health needs
of disabled children.
A comparative study was also undertaken. Legislation of India and Canada
were evaluated in order to make recommendations as to how the gaps in
South African legislation can be rectified. However, the research showed that
South Africa has made far more significant progress in promoting a rightsbased
approach to children’s health in legislation. In order to ensure that the
health rights of children are protected and promoted, I propose more
comprehensive legislative protection. / Private Law / LL.D.
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A juridical foundation for accountability to enhance the security of the Higher Education lecturer in South Africa / Franciska BothmaBothma, Franciska January 2015 (has links)
The widening of access to Higher Education (HE) with a concomitant call for more accountability in the HE sector locally and globally, has altered the former elitist status of the university and impacted the professional standing, autonomy, and working conditions of lecturers negatively. Lecturers are increasingly held to account for providing quality teaching and delivering employable graduates. Yet their work environment has been characterised by poor support, dwindling resources, lack of recognition and reward for teaching efforts and excellence, and absence of legal protection when failing to fulfil the undefined yet high accountability expectations in their teaching-related work. This state of affairs has had an inevitable influence on lecturers’ perceived security in their labour environment. The overarching purpose of this study was therefore to generate guidelines to improve the existing juridical foundation for accountability of South African (SA) HE lecturers with a view to enhance their security in their employment context. In order to assist in the fulfilment of this central purpose, the study aimed to develop understanding of how lecturers perceive their accountability and security in light of diverse teaching-related responsibilities and vagueness in terms of expected conduct; and the protection (or lack of protection) of their rights and professional status. An international perspective on these issues was imperative to shed some light on how regulation elsewhere could improve practices in the SA context.
While SA lecturers are equally entitled to all the rights stipulated in the Bill of Rights, they are also subject to and accountable for upholding the provisions of the SA Constitution and derived labour legislation relevant within the HE environment. The founding values of the Constitution, namely equality, human dignity and the protection of human rights and related freedoms, form not only the basic standard for measuring lecturer conduct, but also the legal basis for challenging policy, system or conduct that might threaten constitutional or labour rights. Yet, despite the existing juridical foundation for the regulation of accountability and rights protection of SA lecturers, comprising the SA Constitution, general labour and HE legislation, there is an absence of HE-specific teaching-related accountability regulation, resulting in lecturer insecurity regarding expected conduct, professional recognition and support, and accountability expectations in their teaching-related work. In comparison, a number of Australian legal imperatives, including the Commonwealth of Australia Learning and Teaching Council’s standard for quality teaching with corresponding quality indicators, provide for more clearly defined teaching-related accountability regulation. In addition, the Mission Based Compacts, the Threshold Standards, and the national Modern Award for the Higher Education Industry, afford Australian lecturers the protection of HE-specific rights relevant to enhance security in their unique work environment. These legal imperatives proved to be significant for informing the improved juridical foundation for lecturer teaching-related accountability in the SA context to enhance the security of the SA lecturer.
With a focus on the development of in-depth understanding of the phenomena of lecturer accountability and security via the perspectives and interpretations of lecturers themselves, the empirical study was grounded in an inductive qualitative methodology from an interpretive-phenomenological perspective. To ensure richness of descriptive data, lecturers actively involved in undergraduate teaching at three different local, and one Australian university, were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured individual and focus group interviews. The analysis and interpretation of the interview data included a comparative component to explore perceptions of lecturer accountability regulation and security protection in an Australian context with a view to identify inadequate legal provisioning for these phenomena in the SA HE environment.
From the data analysis and interpretation, seven meaningful themes were identified, associated with either lecturer accountability or lecturer security. The findings offered not only a clear delineation of internal and external lecturer teaching-related accountability, but also a comprehensive definition of lecturer professional security that was found wanting in all legal sources and other literature studied for this thesis. Moreover, in realisation of the primary aim of this study, twelve significant guidelines are presented to establish an improved juridical foundation for lecturer accountability that will enhance lecturer security in the SA Higher Education context. Amongst these are: the development of a clear delineation of teaching-related roles and responsibilities articulated for different academic post levels; the establishment of a professional HE teaching-oriented career path affording professional recognition via a professional body for lecturers, and requiring continuous professional teaching development; and the development of minimum conditions of employment unique to the work of the HE lecturer. / PhD (Education Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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A juridical foundation for accountability to enhance the security of the Higher Education lecturer in South Africa / Franciska BothmaBothma, Franciska January 2015 (has links)
The widening of access to Higher Education (HE) with a concomitant call for more accountability in the HE sector locally and globally, has altered the former elitist status of the university and impacted the professional standing, autonomy, and working conditions of lecturers negatively. Lecturers are increasingly held to account for providing quality teaching and delivering employable graduates. Yet their work environment has been characterised by poor support, dwindling resources, lack of recognition and reward for teaching efforts and excellence, and absence of legal protection when failing to fulfil the undefined yet high accountability expectations in their teaching-related work. This state of affairs has had an inevitable influence on lecturers’ perceived security in their labour environment. The overarching purpose of this study was therefore to generate guidelines to improve the existing juridical foundation for accountability of South African (SA) HE lecturers with a view to enhance their security in their employment context. In order to assist in the fulfilment of this central purpose, the study aimed to develop understanding of how lecturers perceive their accountability and security in light of diverse teaching-related responsibilities and vagueness in terms of expected conduct; and the protection (or lack of protection) of their rights and professional status. An international perspective on these issues was imperative to shed some light on how regulation elsewhere could improve practices in the SA context.
While SA lecturers are equally entitled to all the rights stipulated in the Bill of Rights, they are also subject to and accountable for upholding the provisions of the SA Constitution and derived labour legislation relevant within the HE environment. The founding values of the Constitution, namely equality, human dignity and the protection of human rights and related freedoms, form not only the basic standard for measuring lecturer conduct, but also the legal basis for challenging policy, system or conduct that might threaten constitutional or labour rights. Yet, despite the existing juridical foundation for the regulation of accountability and rights protection of SA lecturers, comprising the SA Constitution, general labour and HE legislation, there is an absence of HE-specific teaching-related accountability regulation, resulting in lecturer insecurity regarding expected conduct, professional recognition and support, and accountability expectations in their teaching-related work. In comparison, a number of Australian legal imperatives, including the Commonwealth of Australia Learning and Teaching Council’s standard for quality teaching with corresponding quality indicators, provide for more clearly defined teaching-related accountability regulation. In addition, the Mission Based Compacts, the Threshold Standards, and the national Modern Award for the Higher Education Industry, afford Australian lecturers the protection of HE-specific rights relevant to enhance security in their unique work environment. These legal imperatives proved to be significant for informing the improved juridical foundation for lecturer teaching-related accountability in the SA context to enhance the security of the SA lecturer.
With a focus on the development of in-depth understanding of the phenomena of lecturer accountability and security via the perspectives and interpretations of lecturers themselves, the empirical study was grounded in an inductive qualitative methodology from an interpretive-phenomenological perspective. To ensure richness of descriptive data, lecturers actively involved in undergraduate teaching at three different local, and one Australian university, were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured individual and focus group interviews. The analysis and interpretation of the interview data included a comparative component to explore perceptions of lecturer accountability regulation and security protection in an Australian context with a view to identify inadequate legal provisioning for these phenomena in the SA HE environment.
From the data analysis and interpretation, seven meaningful themes were identified, associated with either lecturer accountability or lecturer security. The findings offered not only a clear delineation of internal and external lecturer teaching-related accountability, but also a comprehensive definition of lecturer professional security that was found wanting in all legal sources and other literature studied for this thesis. Moreover, in realisation of the primary aim of this study, twelve significant guidelines are presented to establish an improved juridical foundation for lecturer accountability that will enhance lecturer security in the SA Higher Education context. Amongst these are: the development of a clear delineation of teaching-related roles and responsibilities articulated for different academic post levels; the establishment of a professional HE teaching-oriented career path affording professional recognition via a professional body for lecturers, and requiring continuous professional teaching development; and the development of minimum conditions of employment unique to the work of the HE lecturer. / PhD (Education Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Developing a measure of coping in high stress security occupations: a stress management model approach / Ontwikkeling van 'n maatstaf vir streshantering in stresvolle sekuriteitsberoepe: 'n stresbestuursmodel benadering / Ukwenza isu lokubhekana nesimo sengcindezi ephezulu kwimisebenzi yezokuphepha: indlela yemodeli yokubhekana nokuphatha ingcindeziSchoeman, Petrus Gerhardus 03 1900 (has links)
Summaries in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / Orientation: Security personnel work in a high risk and consequently high stress
environment. This may negatively affect their wellbeing. Owing to the high crime rate
in South Africa, one of the continuous stressors security personnel experience might
be fearing for their lives. If security personnel fail to use effective coping strategies
they will remain stressed, and this may have a negative impact on them, and their
organisation or community. Challenges such as work stress in the South African
security industry have not been comprehensively researched or documented
(Sibanyoni, 2014). Consequently, no South African questionnaire measuring coping
with stress or a stress management model for dealing with stress in a security
environment, could be found.
Research purpose: The general aim of the research was to develop a valid and
reliable coping questionnaire and stress management model for high stress security
occupations.
Research methodology: A questionnaire development process, as suggested by
scientific literature, was followed. The process entailed (1) determining coping
strategies by means of a literature review, (2) developing the coping questionnaire, (3)
administering the questionnaire to the target population, and (4) statistical analysis.
The stress management model was developed by combining the results of the
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The development of the questionnaire was based on a sample of 381 active duty security
personnel working in a high stress security environment in South Africa.
Main findings: The study resulted in the development of a psychometrically sound
39-item questionnaire. The following 12 empirically validated healthy and unhealthy
coping strategies were identified: (1) social support, (2) group cohesion, (3) physical
exercise, (4) relaxation, (5) social media addiction, (6) healthy sleeping habits, (7)
healthy diet, (8) training, (9) humour, (10) religion, (11) avoidance, and (12) denial.
CFA confirmed both the construct and content validity, and composite reliability. The
questionnaire was found to be invariant, and could thus be applied to different groups
in high stress security occupations. A stress management model indicating the
interrelationship between personality and coping was also developed.
Contribution/value-add: The main contribution of this study was the development of
a valid coping questionnaire and stress management model. By identifying the
specific coping strategies, targeted stress management interventions could be
developed. This could contribute to the overall wellness of security personnel working
in high stress occupations, resulting in a healthy organisation and sound relationships
with the community. Security organisations could also use the model during
assessments to identify candidates with personality traits that would lead to healthier
coping strategies, thereby selecting personnel that could better adapt to a security
environment. / Oriëntasie: Sekuriteitspersoneel werk in ’n hoë risiko en gevolglik ’n stresvolle
omgewing. Dit kan hulle welstand negatief beïnvloed. As gevolg van die hoë
misdaadsyfer in Suid-Afrika kan een van die deurlopende stressors wat
sekuriteitspersoneel ervaar ’n vrees vir hulle lewens wees. Indien sekuriteitspersoneel
nie effektiewe streshantering strategieë gebruik nie, kan hulle voortdurend stres ervaar
en dit kan ’n negatiewe impak op hulleself, hulle organisasie of gemeenskap hê.
Uitdagings soos beroepstres in die Suid-Afrikaanse sekuriteitsindustrie is nog nie
deeglik nagevors of gedokumenteer nie (Sibanyoni, 2014). Gevolglik kon daar vir die
sekuriteitsomgewing geen Suid-Afrikaanse vraelys wat streshantering meet of ’n
stresbestuursmodel gevind word nie.
Doel van die navorsing: Die algemene doel van die navorsing was om vir stresvolle
sekuriteitsberoepe ’n geldige en betroubare streshanteringsvraelys en
stresbestuursmodel te ontwikkel.
Navorsingsmetodologie: ’n Vraelys ontwikkelingsproses, soos deur wetenskaplike
literatuur voorgestel, is gevolg. Die proses het die volgende behels: (1) die vasstel
van die streshantering strategieë deur middel van ’n literatuuroorsig, (2) die
ontwikkeling van die streshanteringsvraelys, (3) administrasie van die vraelys aan die
teiken populasie en (4) statistiese analise. Die stresbestuursmodel is ontwikkel deur die resultate van die bevestigende faktoranalise (BFA) en die kanoniese korrelasie
analise te kombineer. Die ontwikkeling van die vraelys is gebaseer op ’n steekproef
van 381 aktiewe diens sekuriteitspersoneel wat in Suid-Afrika in ’n stresvolle
sekuriteitsomgewing werk.
Hoofbevindinge: Die studie het tot ’n psigometries betroubare 39-item vraelys gelei.
Twaalf empiries gestaafde gesonde en ongesonde streshantering strategieë is
geïdentifiseer naamlik: (1) sosiale ondersteuning, (2) groep kohesie, (3) fisiese
oefening, (4) ontspanning, (5) sosiale media verslawing, (6) gesonde slaapgewoontes,
(7) gesonde dieet, (8) opleiding, (9) humor, (10) godsdiens, (11) vermyding en (12)
ontkenning. BFA het die konstruk- en inhoudsgeldigheid so wel as die saamgestelde
betroubaarheid bevestig. Die vraelys is invariant en kan dus op verskillende groepe
in hoë stres sekuriteitsberoepe toegepas word. ’n Stresbestuursmodel wat die
verwantskap tussen persoonlikheid en streshantering aandui is ook ontwikkel.
Bydrae/waardetoevoeging: Die belangrikste bydrae van hierdie studie was die
ontwikkeling van ’n geldige streshanteringsvraelys en stresbestuursmodel. Deur die
spesifieke streshantering strategieë te identifiseer kan gefokusde streshantering
intervensies ontwikkel word. Dit kan tot die algehele welstand van
sekuriteitspersoneel wat in stresvolle beroepe werk bydra en derhalwe ’n gesonde
organisasie en goeie verhoudings met die gemeenskap. Sekuriteitsorganisasies kan
ook tydens keurings die model gebruik om kandidate met persoonlikheidstrekke, wat
tot gesonder streshantering strategieë sal lei, te identifiseer en dus personeel kies wat
beter by ’n sekuriteitsomgewing sal aanpas. / Isimo somqondo: Abasebenzi bezokuphepha basebenza ezindaweni ezinobungozi
obuphakeme nengcindezi ephakeme. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi esimeni
sabo sempilo. Ngenxa yezinga lobugebengu eliphezulu eNingizimu Afrika, okukodwa
okudala ingcindezi ngokuqhubekayo kubasebenzi bezokuphepha ukwesabela
izimpilo zabo. Uma abasebenzi bezokuphepha bengasebenzisi amasu aphumelelayo
okubhekana nalezi zimo, bazohlala benengcindezi futhi lokhu kungaba nomphumela
omubi kubona, enhlanganweni yabo noma emphakathini wabo. Ucwaningo
ngezinselelo ezinjengokucindezeleka emsebenzini ezimbonini zokuphepha lapha
eNingizimu Afrika alwenziwanga futhi akubhaliwe kabanzi ngakho (Sibanyoni, 2014).
Kanjalo, alutholakalanga uhlu lwemibuzo lwaseNingizimu Afrika olungalinganisa
ukuthi abasebenzi bezokuphepha babhekana kanjani nengcindezi kanye
nomlinganiso olawula ingcindezi ukubhekana nengcindezi ezindaweni zezokuphepha.
Inhloso yocwaningo: Inhloso enkulu yocwaningo kwakuwukuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo
oluqinisekile noluthembekile ukubhekana nengcindezi nomlinganiso wokulawula
ingcindezi emisebenzini yezokuphepha enengcindezi ephakeme.
Indlela yokwenza ucwaningo: Isenzo sokuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo njengoba
kuhlongozwa yimibhalo yezesayensi silandelwe kulolu cwaningo. Lesi senzo sibe (1)
nokuthola amasu okubhekana nengcindezi ngokubhekisa emibhalweni ehloliwe, (2) nokuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo ephathelene nokubhekana nengcindezi, (3) nokunikeza
uhlu lwemibuzo kubantu abathintekayo, kanye (4) nokwenza uhlaziyo lwezibalo.
Umlinganiso wokulawula ingcindezi wenziwe ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela
yeConfirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) neyeCanonical Correlation Analysis (CCA).
Ukuqanjwa kohlu lwemibuzo kweyeme esampuleni labasebenzi bezokuphepha
abangama-381 abamatasa emsebenzini abasebenza ezindaweni ezinengcindezi
ephakeme eNingizimu Afrika.
Okukhulu okutholakele ocwaningweni: Ucwaningo lube nomphumela ekuqanjweni
kohlu lwemibuzo oluqinisekile ngokwesayikhomethri olunemibuzo angama-39.
Kukhonjwe amasu okubhekana nengcindezi ayishumi nambili aqinisekiswe
ngokubukisiswa asesimeni esiphilile nesingaphilile sempilo, okubalwa kuwo, (1)
uxhaso lomphakathi, (2) ukuba ndawonye kweqembu, (3) ukuzivocavoca umzimba,
(4) ukuziphumuza, (5) ukuba yisigqili semithombo yomphakathi, (6) imikhuba emihle
yokulala, (7) uqeqesho, (8) amahlaya, (10) inkolo, (11) ukuxwaya, kanye (12) nokwala.
ICFA iqinisekise ukuba neqiniso kombono nokuqukethwe, kanye nokwethembeka
okuxubile. Kutholakele ukuthi uhlu lwemibuzo aluguquki futhi lungasetshenziswa
emaqenjini ehlukene emisebenzini yezokuphepha anengcindezi ephakeme.
Kuthuthukiswe nomlinganiso olawula ingcindezi okhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi
komuntu isibili nokubhekana nengcindezi.
Umnikelo: Umnikelo omkhulu walolu cwaningo kube ukuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo
oluqinisekile ukubhekana nengcindezi kanye nomlinganiso wokulawula ingcindezi.
Ngokukhomba amasu aqondene nokubhekana nengcindezi, kungathuthukiswa
izindlela ezihlosiwe zokulawula ingcindezi. Lokhu kunganikela esimeni esihle sempilo
yabasebenzi bezokuphepha abasebenza imisebenzi enengcindezi ephakeme,
okuzoholela enhlanganweni esesimeni esihle nasebudlelwaneni obuhle nomphakathi.
Izinhlangano zezokuphepha nazo zingawusebenzisa lomlinganiso ngesikhathi
sokuhlola ukubona abafundi abanezici ezinomthelela omuhle, kumasu abhekana
nengcindezi asesimeni esihle, ezizobenza bakhethe abasebenzi abazongena kahle
ezindaweni zokuphepha. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Phil. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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Die impak van die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op sekere aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse kinderregLüneburg, Liezel 31 March 2008 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die MIV/vigs-pandemie in Suid-Afiika- van die ergste in die wereld- toon geen tekens van
afname nie. Miljoene kinders is reeds of wees gelaat of hewig geaffekteer deur die magdom
impakte daarvan op gesinne en gemeenskappe. Die epidemie het voortdurend stygende
sterftesyfers tot gevolg en die hewige las van die siekte rus swaar op MIV-positiewe sowel as
MIV-negatiewe individue. Verder word tradisionele ondersteuningsnetwerke oorbelaai en/of
gaan hulle tot niet. Gesinne en gemeenskappe verloor hul ekonomiese, sosiale en kulturele
lewensvatbaarheid. Die pandemie hou, veral onder die armes, 'n geweldige bedreiging vir die
gesondheid, welstand en regte van babas, kinders en jongmense in. 'n Groot gedeelte van die
impak van MIV/vigs hou verband met die feit dat sommige kinders en hul gesinne beperkte
toegang tot die elemente van 'n gesonde omgewing en goeie gesondheid het. Regerings,
gemeenskappe en gesinne wat deur MIV/vigs geraak word, het minder tyd, energie en
finansiële hulpbronne beskikbaar om op voorkomende gesondheidsorg te fokus. Benewens die
impak op gesondheidstatus, word kinders se omstandighede ook as gevolg van MIV/vigsverwante
probleme bemoeilik. Dit sluit verhoogde gesinsarmoede, 'n hoer risiko van verlating
en weeslating, geforseerde migrasie, onterwing, sielkundige trauma, uitsluiting en
diskriminasie, en fisiese en seksuele mishandeling in. Die derde vlaag van die epidemie, welke
vlaag nou betree word, word gekenmerk deur 'n ontsettende hoe sterftesyfer, 'n ontploffing in
die getal sorgbehoewende en weeskinders en 'n verhoging in menslike pyn en lyding. Die reg
speel 'n baie belangrike rol in die beperking van hierdie impak van die MIV/vigs-pandemie op
die lewens van alle kinders. MIV/vigs-reg is in die proses van evolusie of vorming en reeds
bestaande teorieë kan aangewend word ten einde sekere vrae te beantwoord en probleme
daaromtrent aan te spreek. Tog is daar 'n dringende behoefte aan MIV/vigs-spesifieke
wetgewing en teorieë ten einde die impak van die pandemie op alle vlakke suksesvol te
beheer. Verder het die Kinderreg so 'n mate van ontwikkeling bereik dat daar algemeen
aanvaar word dat kinders 'n spesiale belangegroep binne die gemeenskap vorm. Die regsreëls
met betrekking tot kinders verander gedurig en is ook nie geskik om volgens die tradisionele
wyse, as privaat- of publiekreg, geklassifiseer te word nie. In die hieropvolgende proefskrif
word die impak van MIV/vigs op sekere publiekregtelike, maar oorwegend privaatregtelike
aspekte van die Suid-Afiikaanse kinderreg ondersoek, sowel as enkele metodes waarop die
reg moontlik hierdie impak kan absorbeer en hanteer. Daar word ook in aparte hoofstukke na
die impak van MIV/vigs op die lewens van kinders. sorgbehoewende kinders, egskeiding en
die ouer-kind-verhouding verwys
The HIV/aids pandemic in South Africa - one of the worst in the world - does not seem to be decreasing. Millions of children have already been either orphaned or heavily affected by the numerous impacts on families and communities associated with it. The epidemic brings on an ever-increasing mortality rate and the extreme burden thereof weighs down heavily on HIV-positive as well as HIV-negative individuals. Traditional support networks are further being heavily burdened or perish entirely. Families and communities lose their economical, social and cultural viability. The pandemic threatens, especially among the poorest, the health, wellbeing and rights of infants, children and young people. The impact of HIV/aids is to a great extent the result of the fact that some children and their families do not have sufficient access to a healthy environment and good health. Governments, communities and families affected by HIV/aids have less time, energy and financial resources available in order to enable them to focus on preventive healthcare. In addition to the impact on health status, children's circumstances are also being encumbered by HIV/aids-related problems, including family poverty, a higher risk of being abandoned or orphaned, forced migration, disinheritance, psychological trauma, ostracism and discrimination and physical and sexual abuse. The third wave of the epidemic, which wave is presently being experienced, is characterised by a high mortality rate, an increasing amount of children in need of care and orphaned children and an increase in human pain and suffering. The law plays an important role in the limitation of the impact of the HIV/aids pandemic on the lives of children. HIV/aids law is in the process of evolution or forming and existing theories can be used in order to answer certain questions and address certain issues relating to it. However, there is an urgent need for HIV/aids-specific legislation and theories in order to successfully manage the impact of the pandemic on all levels. Child law has also reached such an extent of development that children is now viewed as a special interest group within the community. The legal principles regarding children change constantly and cannot be classified in the traditional way, which is either as private or public law. In this thesis the impact of HIV/aids on certain aspects of the public and private law pertaining to children is examined. Ways in which the impact can be absorbed and managed by the law is also examined. The impact of HIV/aids on divorce, the parent-child relationship, children in need of care, and the impact of HIV/aids on the lives of children is examined in separate chapters. / Jurisprudence / LL. D.
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