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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Vorkommen und Charakterisierung von Ecdysiotropinen bei männlichen Imagines der Mittelmeerfeldgrille Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer

Kazemi Nezhad, Seyed Reza. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Mainz.
12

Steuerung der Beinmotorik von Grillen durch ein Paar gravizeptiver Interneurone

Funke, Frank. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2004.
13

Citotaxonomia de populações do gênero Astyanax (Characiformes, Characidae) da bacia do rio Doce / Cytotaxonomy of populations of genus Astyanax (Characiformes, Characidae) of the Doce Basin

Ramos, Fabrício Oliveira 17 June 2004 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-06-02T11:03:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 703389 bytes, checksum: 1197f7672503105fdcb75cdd0aca1d60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T11:03:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 703389 bytes, checksum: 1197f7672503105fdcb75cdd0aca1d60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-06-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Foram realizados estudos citogenéticos em três espécies pertencentes à subfamília Tetragonopterinae, provenientes de seis localidades na bacia do rio Doce. Astyanax fasciatus apresentou 2n=50 (4m+14sm+34a) e um par de cromossomos com regiões organizadoras do nucléolo, sugerindo se tratar de uma nova espécie, por apresentar um cariótipo diferente aos indicados para a espécie até o momento. As populações de Astyanax scabripinnis apresentaram 2n=50 (4m+10sm+20st+16a) no rio Casca, 2n=50 (4m+12sm+18st+16a) no rio Das Pacas e 2n=48 (8m+20sm+14st+6a) no rio Turvo e respectivamente um, três e dois pares cromossômicos portadores de regiões organizadoras do nucléolo, confirmando a extensa variabilidade cariotípica existente nesse complexo de espécies na região neotropical. Os resultados de Astyanax bimaculatus confirmam a estabilidade cariotípica característica da espécie, apresentando 2n=50 (14m+22sm+6st+8a) no rio Turvo e rio Piranga e 2n=50 (14m+24sm+4st+8a) no rio Santo Antônio. Os resultados sugerem que a bacia do rio Doce tem sido um cenário de evolução cariotípica independente para as espécies do gênero Astyanax. / Three species of Tetragonopterinae from six locales in the rio Doce basin were subject to cytogenetic analyses. Astyanax fasciatus showed a diploid number of 2n=50 (4m+14sm+18st+14a) and one pair of NOR-bearing chromosomes, this unique karyotype suggests that this population represents a new species within the A. fasciatus species complex. Populations of Astyanax scabripinnis were 2n=50 (4m+10sm+20st+16a) in rio Casca, 2n=50 (4m+12sm+34a) in rio das Pacas, and 2n=48 (8m+20sm+14st+6a) in rio Turvo, while chromosome bearing pairs varied from one, three and two for each population, showing high levels of variation characteristic of this species complex elsewhere in the Neotropical region. Patterns of variation in Astyanax bimaculatus indicated stability of diploid number 2n=50 (14m+22sm+6st+8a) in the Turvo and Piranga rivers, and 2n=50 (14m+24sm+4st+8a) in rio Santo Antônio. The results suggest that the rio Doce basin has been a scenario of independent karyotypic evolution for fish populations of the genus Astyanax.
14

Níveis de energia digestível em rações com diferentes níveis de proteína para alevinos de lambari Tambiú / Levels of digestible energy in diets with different protein levels for tambiú lambari fingerlings

Cotan, Jorge Luiz Vieira 15 July 2004 (has links)
Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-13T12:35:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 102618 bytes, checksum: c5abeeb72b827acd599b992f2187b288 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T12:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 102618 bytes, checksum: c5abeeb72b827acd599b992f2187b288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-07-15 / Objetivando-se determinar os níveis de energia digestível (ED), em função do nível de proteína bruta da ração para alevinos de lambari tambiú (Astyanax bimaculatus), foram utilizados 600 alevinos com peso médio de 1,30 ± 0,01g, mantidos em 40 aquários de 100 litros dotados de abastecimento de água, aeração e controle de temperatura individuais. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (cinco níveis de ED: 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200 e 3300 kcal/kg combinados com dois níveis de PB: 32 e 38%) no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 15 peixes por unidade experimental. Os peixes foram submetidos à alimentação controlada baseado no consumo diário médio dos peixes que receberam rações com o nível mais alto de energia (3300 kcal/kg) para cada nível protéico, corrigidos diariamente, durante 49 dias. Foram avaliados os ganhos de peso, o consumo de ração, o consumo de PB, o consumo de ED, a conversão alimentar, a taxa de crescimento específico, a taxa de eficiência protéica, o rendimento de carcaça, a eficiência de retenção de nitrogênio, o teor de umidade corporal, o teor de proteína corporal e o teor de gordura corporal. Com o nível de 32% de PB, os peixes consumiram maior quantidade de ração, de ED e apresentaram-se com maior taxa de eficiência protéica e de eficiência de retenção de nitrogênio e consumiram menores quantidades de proteína bruta, com menor rendimento de carcaça e umidade corporal. Com o nível de 38% de PB os peixes consumiram maior quantidade de PB e obtiveram maior rendimento de carcaça. Para os níveis crescentes de ED, nas rações com 32% de PB os peixes obtiveram menor taxa de crescimento específico, menor taxa de eficiência protéica e maior conversão alimentar para as rações com 38% de PB os peixes obtiveram maior rendimento de carcaça. Conclui-se que a exigência de ED para lambari tambiú é de 2900 kcal/kg para rações com 32 ou 38% de PB. / Six hundred tambiú lambari (Astyanax bimaculatus) fingerlings with average initial weight of 1.30 ± .01 g, placed in 40 aquariums (100 L) with water renewal, controlled temperature and individual aeration, were used to determine the digestible energy (DE) requirements, according to the dietary crude protein (CP) level. The experiment was carried out according to a 5 x 2 factorial scheme (five DE levels: 2,900; 3,000; 3,100; 3,200 and 3,300 kcal/kg, combined with two CP levels: 32 and 38%), in a completely randomized design with four replicates and 15 fishes by experimental unit. The fishes were submitted to a controlled feeding based on the average daily intake of treatments with the highest energy level (3,300 kcal/kg) for each protein level, daily corrected, during 49 days. Weight gain, feed intake, CP intake, DE intake, feed:gain ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate, carcass yield, nitrogen retention efficiency, body humidity, fat and protein were evaluated. Fishes fed diets with 32% CP showed higher levels of feed intake, digestible energy intake, protein efficiency rate and nitrogen retention efficiency; and lower crude protein intake, carcass yield and body humidity. Fishes fed diets with 38% CP showed higher CP intake and carcass yield. As dietary DE levels increased, fishes fed diets with 32% CP showed lower specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate and higher feed:gainratio and those fed 38% CP showed higher carcass yield. It was concluded that the DE requirement for tambiú lambari is 2,900 kcal/kg for diets with 32 or 38% CP.
15

Doppelstrang-RNA-vermittelte Gen-Interferenz (RNAi) im Nervensystem adulter Grillen (Gryllus bimaculatus)

Knapinski, Sven 02 July 2010 (has links)
Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es, zum Verständnis der genetischen Grundlagen des akustischen Kommunikationssystems der Grille Gryllus bimaculatus beizutragen (s. auch 1.2). Dazu wurde die Expression eines Orthologs des no-on-transientA-Gens (nonA) mit Hilfe der RNA-Interferenz-Methode spezifisch herunterreguliert. Bei nonA handelt es sich um ein vielversprechendes Kandidatengen, da Punktmutationen in der codierenden Region des Gens die Eigenschaften des männlichen Balzgesangs bei Drosophila melanogaster beeinflussen. Zudem belegen Gentransfer-Experimente bei Drosophila, dass dieses Gen artspezifische Informationen des Balzgesangs enthält. Die Analyse der Gesangsdaten ergab, dass sich die Periodenlänge durch das Herunterregulieren von NONA nicht verändert. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass nonA-dsRNA-injizierte Tiere seltener 3-silbige Chirps produzieren, dafür aber mehr 4- und 5-silbige Chirps. Die Auswertung der tageszeitlichen Gesangsaktivität zeigte, dass alle Tiere signifikant am häufigsten im ersten Nachtquartal (nach Erlöschen der Beleuchtung) zirpten. Ein Effekt durch das Herunterregulieren von NONA konnte statistisch nicht belegt werden. Allerdings schien es einen Trend bei nonA-dsRNA-injizierten Tieren zu geben, gleichmäßiger über den Tag verteilt Gesangsaktivität zu zeigen. Transgene Drosophila melanogaster, deren arteigenes nonA durch das der Grille ersetzt bzw. ergänzt worden war, zeigten durchweg eine verbesserte Überlebensfähigkeit (Steigerungen zwischen 27 und 340%). Auch das positiv phototaktische Verhalten wurde durch das Grillen-NONA bei allen transformanten Fliegen verstärkt; allerdings fiel dieser Effekt eher marginal aus. Dennoch kann durchaus von einer zumindest teilweisen funktionellen Konservierung des nonA-Gens zwischen Gryllus bimaculatus und Drosophila melanogaster ausgegangen werden. / The present thesis aims to widen our understanding of the genetic background of the acoustic communication system of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (see also 1.2). Therefore the expression of an ortholog of the no-on-transientA (nonA) gene was specifically inhibited via RNA-interference. The nonA gene is one of the most interesting candidate genes in this context, as point mutations in the coding region of the gene affect the characteristics of the male’s calling song. Furthermore, gene transfer experiments in Drosophila showed that this gene obviously carries species-specific song information. The analysis of the calling song of nonA-RNAi-treated crickets, revealed that the duration of the syllable period was not influenced by the “knock-down” of the gene, but that the inhibition had a certain impact on the maximum number of syllables per chirp, as nonA-dsRNA-injected crickets produced significantly less 3-syllable chirps and significantly more 4- and 5-syllable chirps. Differences in the daytime calling activity between nonA-dsRNA-injected crickets and control groups could not be verified. The calling activity of all groups reached its peak in the first quarter of the night and significantly differed from the low calling activity during the remaining quarters of the day. Although the activity of all animals reached its peak during the first quarter of the night, there seems to be a trend that this rhythmical behaviour was less pronounced in nonA-dsRNA-injected crickets. Drosophila melanogaster mutants, which had been transformed with the nonA ortholog of Gryllus bimaculatus, increased their survival by 27% to 340%. In addition, the positive phototactic behaviour was slightly increased in all tested animals - this effect, however, remained marginal. Nevertheless, the nonA gene seems to be at least partly functionally conserved between Gryllus bimaculatus and Drosophila melanogaster.
16

Morfologia ovariana no lambari Astyanax bimaculatus sob efeito do hormônio de crescimento / Ovarian morphology in lambari Astyanax bimaculatus under the effect of the growth hormone

Marcon, Lucas 21 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2071717 bytes, checksum: 2b2b2db684156dc843d94182ee1a1075 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-21 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Astyanax bimaculatus, oviparous fish, presents reproductive activity the year round and multiple spawning. It is important to know the reproductive biology to facilitate the reproductive management, minimize the expenses with the reproduction and develop new techniques that can to improve the reproduction with commercial and preservation interests. Studies demonstrate the importance of the growth hormone in the gametogenesis and gonadal ripening, as being an important factor of female reproduction. In this way, the present study histologically evaluates the Astyanax bimaculatus ovaries submitted to the induced spawning technique with a crude carp pituitary extract and the effect of the growth hormone in the ovarian recrudescence process after spawning. Respecting the different periods after induced spawning, the ovaries of fishes of the control group and the growth hormone treated group were analyzed using a light microscope, aiming to characterize the post-spawning ovarian morphology. From the biometric data obtained, the gonadossomatic index (GSI) and hepatossomatic index (HSI) values were calculated, and also the condition factor (K2), in the different collection schedules for the two groups under study. Around 60% of the females reacted satisfactorily to the crude carp pituitary extract injection. The extrusion of the oocytes occurred between 225 and 234 h-degrees after hypophysation. The oogenesis of A. bimaculatus seems to be similar to the majority of the fresh water teleosts. The analysis of the fragments of ovaries showed the constant presence of oocytes in the gonads during all pphases of development, post-ovulatory follicles, besides follicular atresia. Oocyte in primary growth were present in great number in the group-control, while oocytes in secondary growth were more numerous in the treated group. Post- ovulatory follicles were more numerous in the control group than in the treated group, and between 96th and 120th hours after spawning in both control group and treated group its detection became more difficult. The follicular atresia was observed in greater intensity in the treated group than in the control group. Significant differences (P<0.05) between the experimental were recorded at six and at 48th hours after spawning. Significant differences were not observed (P>0.05) for the eosinophyle counting inside the experimental groups. A greater quantity of eosinophyles was observed in the treated group, coinciding with the largest quantities of atretic follicles in this group. A significant difference (P<0.05) was noticed when the follicular atresia and eosinophyle values were associated and compared between the experimental groups. Due to a multiple spawning and not presenting abrupt variations in the size of the gonads, significant differences were not found (P>0.05) for the GSI in the different collecting periods and not even between the experimental groups. Statistical differences (P<0.05) for the HSI values were found between the experimental groups at the nine and 96 th hours postspawning. Higher values of HSI were registered in the group that received the hormone growth coinciding with the largest quantity of vitelogenesis oocyte observed in this group. Statistical differences were not found (P>0.05) for the condition factor (K2). / Astyanax bimaculatus, peixe ovíparo, apresenta atividade reprodutiva o ano todo e desova parcelada, características promissoras para seu cultivo. É importante conhecer a biologia reprodutiva para facilitar o manejo, minimizar os gastos com a reprodução e desenvolver novas técnicas para aprimorar a reprodução com interesse comercial e de preservação. Estudos demonstram a importância do hormônio de crescimento nos processos de gametogênese e maturação gonadal, sendo um importante modulador da reprodução da fêmea. O presente trabalho avalia histologicamente os ovários de lambaris submetidos à técnica de desova induzida com extrato bruto de hipófise de carpa, e o efeito do hormônio de crescimento no processo de recuperação ovariana após a desova. Após a desova induzida, ovários de peixes do grupo- controle e do grupo tratado com hormônio de crescimento foram analisados em microscopia de luz, visando caracterizar a morfologia ovariana pós-desova. A partir de dados biométricos obtidos, foram calculados os valores dos índices gonadossomático (IGS) e hepatossomático (IHS), e do fator de condição K2 nos diferentes horários de coleta para os grupos em estudo. Cerca de 60% das fêmeas hipofisadas responderam satisfatoriamente à injeção do extrato bruto de hipófise. A extrusão dos ovócitos ocorreu entre 225 a 234 horas-grau após hipofisação. A ovogenêse de A. bimaculatus parece ser similar à maioria dos teleósteos de água doce. A análise dos fragmentos de ovários demonstrou a presença constante de ovócitos em todas as etapas de desenvolvimento, folículos pós-ovulatórios, além de atresia folicular. Ovócitos em crescimento primário estiveram presentes em maior número no grupo-controle, enquanto ovócitos em crescimento secundário foram mais numerosos no grupo tratado. Folículos pós-ovulatórios foram mais numerosos no grupo-controle que no grupo tratado, e sua detecção tornou-se mais difícil entre 96 e 120 horas após a desova. A atresia foi observada em maior intensidade no grupo tratado que no grupo-controle. Diferenças significativas (P<0,05) na contagem de folículos atrésicos entre os grupos experimentais foram registradas as seis e às 48 horas pós-desova. Não foram constatadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para a contagem de eosinófilos dentro dos grupos experimentais. Observou-se maior quantidade de eosinófilos no grupo tratado, coincidindo com as maiores quantidades de folículos atrésicos nesse grupo. Diferença significativa (P<0,05) foi observada quando foram associados os valores de atresia e eosinófilos e comparados os mesmos entre os grupos experimentais. Por ser espécie de desova parcelada e não apresentar variação brusca no tamanho das gônadas, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para IGS nos diferentes horários de coleta e nem entre os grupos experimentais. Diferenças estatísticas (P<0,05) para os valores de IHS foram encontradas entre os grupos experimentais as nove e às 96 horas pós-desova. Valores mais altos de IHS registrados no grupo que recebeu a dose de hormônio de crescimento coincidem com a maior quantidade de ovócitos em vitelogênese observada nesse grupo. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas (P>0,05) para o fator de condição K2.
17

Efeitos do RoundupTM e do Thiodan® em adultos de Astyanax bimaculatus (Characidae: Teleostei): Valores de CL50 e morfologia testicular. / Effects of RoundupTM and the Thiodan® in adults of Astyanax bimaculatus (Characidae: Teleostei): Values of CL50 and testicular morphology.

Silva Filho, Paulo Burlamaqui da 22 July 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:46:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3867057 bytes, checksum: 7df9f44dd8a3ef5f32db3bab3e1f63d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The indiscriminated use of agrochemicals in modern agriculture is unleashing a series of damages to the environment posing serious threats to the survival of important ecosystems. The main objectives of the present study was to determine the LC50-96h and investigate the effects of Roundup&#8482; (Monsanto) and Thiodan® (Bayer) in testicular morphology of the fish species Astyanax bimaculatus adult males. For this purpose we selected adult males of this species in homogeneous lots with 4.0 to 6.0cm of standard-length, to determine the LC50 and evaluate the toxicity by morphological and morphometrical studies. Fragments of testes were collected, fixed, embedded in historesin, sectioned and stained for histological analysis. The LC50 of Roundup&#8482; was 14mg.L-1 with confidence interval 9.3 to 22.6 mg.L-1 (P<0.05). The acute toxicity test showed abnormal behaviour such as attempted to escape, erratic swimming and searching for oxygen on the surface at concentration 5.2mg.L-1 immediately after adding the product in aquariums. Histological analysis showed morphological changes when compared to the control group such as the discontinuity or even lack of the mesothelium; tissue disruption characterized by the presence of spermatids in the testicular parenchyma; presence of spermatocytes in the lumen of tubule; presence of erythrocytes outside the capillaries blood (hemorrhage); and vacuoles in intertubular space cells. The morphometric analysis showed a reduction in the measurement of the average nuclei diameter of secondary spermatocytes at the concentration of 1.3mg.L-1; and increase in number of secondary spermatogonia at concentrations 1.3 and 2.6 mg.L-1. The conclusion is that A. bimaculatus adult can be used as bioindicators organisms of aquatic environment and their testes as bioindicator organ. The LC50 of Thiodan® was 17.7&#956;g.L-1 with xii confidence interval 11.1 to 29.6 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0.05). In the treated groups it had been observed the behaviour of attempt to escape and 40% mortality at the highest concentration, severe agitation, erratic swimming, and hyperventilation at all concentrations. Histological analysis had shown morphological changes compared to the control group as mesothelium detachment with discontinuity or even lack thereof; degeneration of mesothelium cells; hemorrhage; vacuoles in intertubular space cells; break of cysts, and spermatids located out in the intertubular space; red blood cells within cysts of spermatocytes; spermatocytes in the lumen of the tubule; as well as the presence of oocyte in the tubular compartment. Morphometric analysis indicated a decrease in the secondary spermatocytes cysts diameter at concentrations 1.15 e 2.3 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0.05); increase in the primary spermatocytes nucleus diameter at all concentrations (P<0.05); reduction in the secondary spermatocytes nucleus diameter at lower concentration (P<0.05); increase in the primary spermatogonia nucleus diameter in groups 2.3 and 5.6 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0.05); reduction on the count of primary spermatocytes at concentrations 1.15 and 2.3 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0.05); increase of both spermatogonia cell types at concentration 1.15&#956;g.L-1 and decrease in concentration 5.6&#956;g.L-1 (P<0.05). These findindings indicate that A. bimaculatus adult should not be used as bioindicator organism, because it has low sensibility to this product, but testes can be used as bioindicator organ. / O uso indiscriminado de agroquímicos na agricultura moderna está desencadeando prejuízos graves para o meio ambiente e que representam séria ameaça para a sobrevivência de ecossistemas importantes. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a CL50-96h e avaliar a influência do herbicida Roundup&#8482; (Monsanto) e do inseticida Thiodan® (Bayer) sobre a morfologia testicular do lambari Astyanax bimaculatus. Para isso, foram selecionados lotes homogêneos de lambaris machos, adultos, com 4,0 a 6,0cm de comprimento padrão, que permaneceram em sistema de água estático para a determinação da CL50 e para o teste de toxicidade. Para os estudos morfológicos e morfométricos, fragmentos de testículos foram fixados, incluídos em resina, seccionados em micrótomo rotativo e corados para análise histológica. No estudo com o Roundup&#8482;, a CL50 gerada foi 14mg.L-1 com intervalo de confiança de 9,3 a 22,6 mg.L-1 (P<0,05). No teste de toxicidade aguda, observou-se tentativa de fuga, nado errático e busca por oxigênio na superfície na concentração de 5.2mg.L. As análises histológicas mostraram alterações morfológicas como descontinuidade e/ou destruição da albugínea, desorganização tecidual caracterizada pela presença de espermátides no parênquima testicular, espermatócitos na luz do túbulo, hemácias fora dos capilares sanguíneos e vacúolos citoplasma de espermatogônias e no interstício testicular. As análises morfométricas mostraram redução (P<0,05) no diâmetro de núcleos de espermatócitos II na concentração de 1,3mg.L-1. Houve aumento (P<0,05) no número de espermatogônias B nas concentrações de 1,3 e 2,6 mg.L-1. Isso permite inferir que o A. bimaculatus adulto pode ser utilizado como bioindicador e seus testículos como biomarcadores de poluição aquática. No estudo com o Thiodan®, a CL50 obtida foi 17,7&#956;g.L-1 com intervalo de confiança de 11,1 a 29,6 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0.05). Nos grupos expostos, foi observado comportamento de tentativa de fuga na concentração mais alta, agitação intensa, nado errático, além de hiperventilação em todas as concentrações e mortalidade de 40% na maior concentração. Histologicamente, observou-se destacamento da albugínea testicular, degeneração das células da albugínea, descontinuidade ou até mesmo falta desta, hemorragia no intersticio, vacuolização do citoplasma de células, desorganização tecidual com espermatozóides localizados fora da luz do túbulo seminífero, rompimento da parede de cistos, presença de ovócito no compartimento tubular, hemácias no interior de cistos de espermatócitos, e espermatócitos na luz do túbulo seminífero. Os dados morfométricos indicaram redução no diâmetro de cistos de espermatócitos II nas concentrações 1,15 e 2,3 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0,05), aumento no diâmetro de núcleos de espermatócitos I em todas as concentrações (P<0,05), redução no diâmetro do núcleo de espermatócitos II na menor concentração (P<0,05), aumento no núcleo de espermatogônias A nos grupos 2,3 e 5,6 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0,05). Além disso, foi observada redução no número de espermatócitos I nas concentrações 1,15 e 2,3 &#956;g.L-1 (P<0,05), aumento de espermatogônias A e B na concentração 1,15 &#956;g.L-1 e redução na concentração 5,6&#956;g.L-1 (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o A. bimaculatus adulto não deve ser utilizado como bioindicador pois apresenta alta resistência a esse produto, mas os testículos podem ser usados como biomarcadores.
18

Biomanipulação experimental como forma de melhoramento da qualidade da água e os seus efeitos na comunidade zooplanctônica

Medeiros, Ana Maria Alves de 25 January 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:55:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1732626 bytes, checksum: 1ea01eff6b48d045cb5829753b4efd89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Order Cladocera is amongst the most studied scientific groups on continental aquatic environments, given that they provide valuable information regarding energy transfer between trophic levels. Cladocerans play important ecological roles by serving as food for higher predators (invertebrates and vertebrates) and by regulating the biomass of freshwater phytoplankton. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of vertebrate predators on Ceriodaphnia cornuta using laboratory experiments. The influence of potential predators on C. cornuta was experimentally tested based on density comparisons along five days (2-day interval between analyses) in the presence of two vertebrate predators, namely, the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Cichlidae) and the Twospot astyanax (Astyanax bimaculatus,Characidae). C. cornuta individuals remained permanently isolated from predators by a 45 &#956;m mesh size net during the experiment and, therefore, predation rates were not accounted for throughout the study. Furthermore, fertility rate and size were also evaluated alongside with density of C. cornuta and environmental variables sampled included water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. Results revealed a higher adult mortality on the former experimental days (due to acclimation or age). Further C. cornuta density increased on both predator treatments (O. niloticus and A. bimaculatus), but was fairly higher on the control treatment (no predators; 5th day). Fertility rate increased on the last experiment days on both predator treatments. Higher body size values were also observed on the last experiment days of the control treatment. Results of the present study suggest that, in the absence of vertebrate predators, C. cornuta showed a somewhat higher population growth and larger body size. / A Ordem Cladocera é uma das mais estudadas e importantes nos ambientes aquáticos continentais, pois, além de fornecerem muitas informações sobre a transferência de energia ao longo da cadeia trófica, algumas de suas espécies apresentam uma grande importância no controle do fitoplâncton da água doce e ao mesmo tempo, algumas espécies são presas preferidas de vertebrados e invertebrados. O trabalho teve como foco avaliar a influência de predadores vertebrados sobre a história de vida da espécie Ceriodaphnia cornuta,através de experimentos realizados em laboratório. A influência de potenciais predadores sobre a C. cornutafoi avaliada experimentalmente, a partir das comparações das densidades do cladócero, ao longo de cinco dias, com análises a cada dois dias, na presença de dois predadores vertebrados, tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus, Cichlidae) e piaba (Astyanax bimaculatus,Characidae). Os indivíduos de C. cornuta ficaram separados dos predadores, por uma tela de 45 &#956;m, logo as interferências que foram analisadas excluíram a taxa de predação. Foram analisados para além das densidades, as taxas de fecundidade e o comprimento dos organismos. Alguns parâmetros ambientais aquáticos dos experimentos também foram analisados (temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido). Os principais resultados deste trabalho incluem maior mortalidade dos adultos nos primeiros dias (aclimatação ou idade),um aumento na densidade de C. cornuta foi observado em todos os tratamentos (com piaba e com tilápia), com destaque para o quinto dia nos aquários controle, ou seja, C. cornuta, sem a presença de predadores. Verificou-seo aumento da fecundidade nos últimos dias de avaliaçãonos aquários com tilápia e piaba. Nos dados referentes ao comprimento do corpo, verificou-se que nos últimos dias de experimento o comprimento dos indivíduos foi maior no controle, apesar de não haver dierenças estatísticas.Os resultados obtidos com este experimento mostraram que na ausência de um predador vertebrado, C. cornuta apresentou um crescimento populacional maior e um maior comprimento do corpo.
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Kinematics of cricket phonotaxis

Petrou, Georgios January 2012 (has links)
Male crickets produce a species specific song to attract females which in response move towards the sound source. This behaviour, termed phonotaxis, has been the subject of many morphological, neurophysiological and behavioural studies making it one of the most well studied examples of acoustic communication in the animal kingdom. Despite this fact, the precise leg movements during this behaviour is unknown. This is of specific interest as the cricket’s ears are located on their front legs, meaning that the perception of the sound input might change as the insect moves. This dissertation describes a methodology and an analysis that fills this knowledge gap. I developed a semi-automated tracking system for insect motion based on commercially available high-speed video cameras and freely available software. I used it to collect detailed three dimensional kinematic information from female crickets performing free walking phonotaxis towards a calling song stimulus. I marked the insect’s joints with small dots of paint and recorded the movements from underneath with a pair of cameras following the insect as it walks on the transparent floor of an arena. Tracking is done offline, utilizing a kinematic model to constrain the processing. I obtained, for the first time, the positions and angles of all joints of all legs and six additional body joints, synchronised with stance-swing transitions and the sound pattern, at a 300 Hz frame rate. I then analysed this data based on four categories: The single leg motion analysis revealed the importance of the thoraco-coxal (ThC) and body joints in the movement of the insect. Furthermore the inside middle leg’s tibio-tarsal (TiTa) joint was the centre of the rotation during turning. Certain joints appear to be the most crucial ones for the transition from straight walking to turning. The leg coordination analysis revealed the patterns followed during straight walking and turning. Furthermore, some leg combinations cannot be explained by current coordination rules. The angles relative to the active speaker revealed the deviation of the crickets as they followed a meandering course towards it. The estimation of ears’ input revealed the differences between the two sides as the insect performed phonotaxis by using a simple algorithm. In general, the results reveal both similarities and differences with other cricket studies and other insects such as cockroaches and stick insects. The work presented herein advances the current knowledge on cricket phonotactic behaviour and will be used in the further development of models of neural control of phonotaxis.
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Imaging calcium dynamics during motor pattern generation and sensory processing in insect nervous systems

Bayley, Timothy George January 2016 (has links)
No description available.

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