The thesis explores the career decisions of a case of graduates who have completed a Bioscience and Chemistry double major award. The study seeks to explore the careers these graduates have entered, and the factors influencing their choice. The study also looked into the extent of the link between the jobs and the disciplines studied. The career path taken was also explored. The findings of the study will enhance better preparation of future graduates for diversified careers. This study used mixed methods to collect and analyse data. The first part of this study used a questionnaire to quantify those factors that influenced the career decisions. The second part of the study employed a qualitative method. Specifically, interviews of eleven graduates selected from the initial quantitative study provided a data source for developing a deeper understanding about their career decisions. The integration of results from the quantitative and qualitative methods provided in-depth answers for the five research questions. The study shows that 30% of graduates surveyed were with discipline-related jobs, 50 % with jobs somewhat related to their curriculum and 20 % with discipline- unrelated jobs. Reasons for choosing non-discipline-related jobs were: being bored with routine laboratory jobs, having low salaries, being confined to the laboratory or lack of job opportunities. Cognitive values were considered to be more important than environmental and affective values in career choice. The factors considered to be most important were opportunity for growth, having interesting jobs, having a considerate boss, and having job responsibility. Financial rewards were ranked 14 out of 32 factors. Influences from family and lecturers were not as important. However employability skills played a role in career choice. The study concluded that career decision-making is a complicated process. The findings of this study may contribute to the literature of career choice of science graduates in Malaysia, and have implications for the practice and future research in the innovative careers of science graduates.

Submitted by Isac Macêdo (isac@ioc.fiocruz.br) on 2013-09-26T13:17:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DO 2008 - Denise Figueira de Oliveira.pdf: 6560717 bytes, checksum: 4c1ecb8c34ec4246a281a375930e3f22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-26T13:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DO 2008 - Denise Figueira de Oliveira.pdf: 6560717 bytes, checksum: 4c1ecb8c34ec4246a281a375930e3f22 (MD5) / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A relação entre a ciência e a arte está inscrita na história da humanidade e no percurso de sua construção do conhecimento. Esta relação, e seu potencial para a educação, parecem ser subaproveitados nos ambientes de ensino de uma forma geral. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar as potencialidades da relação entre ciência e arte para o ensino de ciências. As instituições de ensino quase sempre se configuram como a porta de entrada para que o tema da articulação da ciência e da arte seja discutido, considerando os fatores históricos e sociais. Por meio da abordagem metodológica da pesquisa qualitativa de natureza interpretativa, orientadas por nosso interesse central de reflexão, investigamos o estado da arte de produções acadêmicas e culturais resultantes da intersecção entre ciência e arte e seu aproveitamento para o ensino de biociências e saúde. Como elementos principais de análise, realizamos, um inventário das produções vinculadas à linha de pesquisa sobre Ciência e Arte, no período de 2004-2009 na PGEBS do IOC stricto sensu - dissertações de mestrado teses de doutorado - e entrevistas com os autores. O passo seguinte foi conhecer a experiências na interface em ciência e arte de grupos de pesquisa, representantes do ensino não-formal na interface da mesma temática. Nos dedicamos ao levantamento, seleção e entrevistas destes grupos afins de pesquisa, com o objetivo de compreender suas vivências e compor um quadro relevante para a ação criativa e o ensino de ciências. As atividades de ciência e arte vinculadas ao projeto inicial da pesquisa assumem o pressuposto de que a associação da arte à educação científica possibilitará aos educadores, e aos seus futuros alunos, desenvolverem novas intuições e compreensões por meio da incorporação do processo artístico a outros processos investigativos, bem como construir um discurso interno e público sobre a relação entre arte, ciência e tópicos relacionados a atividades multidisciplinares. Como última etapa, em um encontro intitulado, Prosa com Educadores, apresentamos a nossa reflexão a professores de Ciências de um município do Rio de Janeiro, como parte do processo de pesquisa exploratória direcionada à obtenção de indícios favoráveis às futuras propostas de interface entre ciência, arte e ensino com educadores de Ciências. A Prosa buscou um tipo de validação junto a comunidade a qual nos destinamos, e desta forma, minimizar os desconfortos de “pacotes prontos” de ideias sobre o que se ensina. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar que o diálogo entre ciência e arte, ainda que ocupe um lugar em construção, de inegável fragmentação e heterogeneidade, pode se constituir em uma vertente estruturante do ensino de ciências. Os desdobramentos educacionais e evidências desta pesquisa são argumentos encorajadores para propostas futuras, na área da formação inicial e continuada de professores. / The relationship between science and art is inscribed in the history of humanity, and in its path to knowledge development. This relationship, and its educational potential, seem to be underemployed in the teaching instances as a whole. The aim of the present research is to identify the potential of the relationship between science and art for science teaching. The teaching institutions are more frequently seen as the sphere where the discussion of the articulation between science and art can be carried out, taking into consideration the historical and social factors. By means of the methodological approach of qualitative research of interpretative nature and guided by our main interest, we have investigated the state of the art of academic and cultural productions derived from the intersection between science and art and their possible use for bioscience and health teaching. As main elements of analysis, we have made a survey of the productions linked to the Science and Art research line, issued in the 2004-2009 period, of the graduate program of Bioscience and Health Teaching linked to the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (master theses and doctoral dissertations) and interviewed their authors. The next step was to contact research groups, which represented non-formal teaching in the interface of the same theme. We have surveyed, selected and interviewed these groups with close research interests, aiming towards the understanding of their experience, as well as the composition of a relevant scenario for creative action and science teaching. The activities of science and art linked to the initial research project part from the principle that the association of art to science education will pave the way for teachers, and their future students, to develop new intuitions and understanding by means of the incorporation of the artistic process to other investigative processes, as well as to build an internal but public discourse on the relationship between art, science and topics related to multidisciplinary activities. A last activity was a meeting which we have named Chat with Educators, and in which we presented our reflections to science teachers, from a county in Rio de Janeiro, as part of the process of exploitative research directed to the obtainment of favorable evidence to the future interface proposals among science, art and teaching with science educators. The Chat aimed towards a sort of validity from our intended audience and thus, towards avoiding “pre-formed” idea packets on what to teach. The results evinced that the dialogue between science and art, though still in construction, and undeniably fragmented and heterogeneous, may result in a structural approach towards science teaching. The educational possibilities and evidence from this research are encouraging arguments towards future proposals, in the area of initial and continuous teacher formation.

No description available.

Chronic kidney disease greatly raises cardiovascular disease risk. Heart disease and death risk grow proportionately with renal disease progression. Investigate the link between cardiovascular disease prevalence and chronic renal disease severity and mortality using meta-analysis. In this study, 155 publications were found after searching several databases (including PubMed and Google Scholar). 48 studies that matched the inclusion criteria were included in the literature review, however, only 20 were included in the meta-analysis. 17101 people had CKD, while 8883 had CVD or non-CVD. Using the R programming language, a meta-analysis was performed to get a pooled impact of the influence of CVD on the severity of CKD (odds ratio OR), and a funnel plot was also generated to check for publication bias. The outcomes of the meta-analysis indicate that cardiovascular disease has a moderate impact on the severity of chronic kidney disease (OR=2.28, 95% CI, 1.90-2.73). All data will give essential insights into the epidemiology of the cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD), disclose the influence of individual risk variables on bad outcomes, and serve as the platform for future interventional research. Further investigation of the particular (non-traditional) risk factors associated with the renal illness that contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis in this population is necessary to improve the efficacy of cardiovascular treatments for patients with CKD. The purpose of this research is to determine whether and how these variables affect the development of CKD. / <p>Utbytesstudent.</p>

Pharmaceuticals are an important class of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Detected concentration are typically in the range 1 ng/L – 1 μg/L. Traditional wastewater treatment does not provide a complete removal of these contaminants; hence, they may have a negative impact on the environment. In addition, microalgae are an ecologically-meaningful target group of species for bioindication purposes as well as primary production and oxygen supply. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of Ibuprofen on the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Algal cultures were exposed to five different concentrations of the drug (5, 15, 45, 135, 405 mg/L) for four days. Absorbance measured at 680 nm was determined every day and obtained data were transformed into cell concentration (cells/mL) by a previously prepared calibration curve. Specific growth rate, generation time, percent inhibition and effective concentration were calculated. Moreover, one way ANOVA with Tukey’s test were applied to observe differences between groups and time periods. Based on this study, all the cultures treated with Ibuprofen had a growth inhibition as well as presenting a lag phase. Increasing the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drug (NSAID) concentration reduced the growth rate and consequently, increased the percent inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. According to this report, new research should be focused on the development of hybrid systems for degradation and removal of pharmaceuticals. NSAID pollution may lead to a reduction in the diversity and number of functional groups of eukaryotic algae. Finally, more research should be devoted to the toxicity of drugs in a variety of test organisms and development of reliable methods for toxicity test at low and chronic exposures to achieve more realistic conclusions.

The corona virus disease of 2019 (Covid-19) is a deadly viral infection rampaging the world since 2019. Health practitioners have identified co-morbidities as one of the factors contributing to the severity of the disease among patients, with diabetes being one of the leading co-morbid. A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar and Science hub databases to obtain articles that have addressed the link between diabetes and severity in Covid-19 infection. A meta-analysis to obtain a pooled effect of the effect of diabetes on the severity of Covid-19 (odd ratio OR) was calculated using R programming language and a funnel plot to check for publication bias was also plotted. Twelve studies with 3,180,125 diabetic patients with confirmed cases of Covid-19 (out of 61,820,553 confirmed Covid-19 participants) were included for the meta-analysis. The obtained pooled effect of diabetes on the severity of Covid-19 infection was (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.33-1.63). From the meta-analysis results; Age, diabetic complications and drugs for the treatment of diabetes were identified as possible co-factors to the diabetic effect on Covid-19 infection, as diabetes was seen to be significantly related to its severity but not mortality. It is therefore very important for diabetic patients to adhere strictly to every laid down regulation regarding Covid-19. More clinical research on alternative diabetic therapy is needed as this will reduce the negative effect of insulin usage.

The study explored the prevalence of biofilm formers and its association with multidrug resistance in Klebsiella Pneumonia, a gram-negative bacterium that has high propensity to form antibiotic resistant strains and forms biofilms. Biofilms are complex microbial community with attributes that vary from planktonic cells. Antibiotic resistance is a property that has shown evidence to be higher in biofilms as compared to planktonic cells. Multi-drug resistance, a higher form of antibiotic resistance, is defined as resistance to at least one agent in three or more antibiotic categories. A single-armed and a two-armed meta-analysis was done to assess prevalence of biofilm formers and to find association between biofilm formation capacity and multi drug resistance. The one-armed meta-analysis revealed 74% (95% CI: 64%-83%) prevalence of biofilm formers among clinical isolates of Klebsiella Pneumonia. The prevalence rate is comparable with that of prevalence rate attained by other bacterium by similar meta-analysis studies. This high prevalence of biofilm formers warrants for a paradigm shift in treatment strategies for treatment of infections. The two-armed meta-analysis showed that there was identical risk of multi drug resistance among the biofilm formers and non-biofilm formers. The result challenges the intrinsic capacity of planktonic cells to resist against antibiotics to achieve multi drug resistance. Further research to update the biofilm formation profiles and to understand the resistance mechanism in commonly occurring bacterial infections in of utmost importance.

The Scientific Gaze är en kulturvetenskaplig magisteruppsats som tar sig an naturvetenskapens praktiska vardag. Frågan som ställs är huruvida det finns en gemensam naturvetenskaplig kosmologi som betingar ett visst sätt att betrakta bilder på. Uppsatsen presenterar vetenskapliga bilder och redogörelser av fältarbete och på så vis närmar sig texten praktikerna i tre laboratorier som i det vardagliga arbetet tangerar det biologiska. De tre fältstudierna omfattar en grupp civilingenjörer som producerar biomimetiska material, ett projekt där fysiologer bygger en genetisk fiskmodell och komparativa zoomorfologiska studier av ögats utveckling hos tidiga ryggradsdjur. Det teoretiska perspektivet kan beskrivas som en foucaldiansk analys av visuella tillängelsepraktiker, hur det går till när naturvetaren riktar sin blick mot en bild och sedan fäller en naturvetenskaplig utsaga. Hypotesen som uppsatsen arbetar efter är att processen från att se till att säga står på en ontologisk föreställning som jag kallar jag för en naturvetenskaplig kosmologi. Eftersom det är en Culture studies analys görs inte skillnad på sant eller falskt, bra eller dålig forskning utan bara hur dessa forskare förhåller sig till det visuella i laboratoriet. Texten inleds och avslutas av genealogiska analyser av murala konstverk utifrån tesen att ”sanningen är skön”. Naturvetare har ett sanningsbegrepp som skiljer sig från många andras och detta skapar en viss sensibilitet ifråga om vad som är skönt i världen och i konsten. Dessa konstfilosofiska analyser illustrerar både teori och metod och de slutsatser som kan dras ut det empiriska materialet.Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen som kan dras ur det empiriska är att föreställningar om ”vad som egentligen finns” eller vad som är sant till stor del skapas av vad dessa forskare har för handen. De vardagliga praktiska sysslorna tycks skapa ett mentalt rum som delas av alla de som delar sysslor i laboratoriet. Detta gemensamma mentala rum går man in i så snart man diskuterar sin forskning eller ett uppkommet problem, lika tillgängligt på kafferasten som på laboratoriet. Detta rum kallar jag för Space of thoughts som kontrasteras mot Place of practice som beskriver vad som är för handen. Dessa två lokalitetsbegrepp utgör två analytiska nivåer som strukturerar texten. Allt bildmaterial kommer från fältarbetet och utgörs till stor del inomvetenskapliga bilder. Naturvetenskapens speciella bildvärld görs här tillgänglig för alla läsare av uppsatsen, en bildvärld som annars bara är tillgänglig för naturvetaren själv.

The present thesis will provide an overview of how the four humor styles, affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating humor, are connected to different brain areas. The thesis will also include an overview of how humor in general, and especially three factors of humor including, processing, appreciation, and comprehension is connected to different brain areas. The present study found a connection between these three factors of humor and activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The four humor styles were all connected to activity in the midbrain and nucleus accumbens (NAc), though they were found to differ in other parts of the brain. Affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor are humor styles found to share activation of similar brain areas, whereas self-enhancing and aggressive humor was found to the least extent share activation of the same brain areas. No neural differences in relation to the four humor styles have been found between men and woman, or between cultures.

L'utilisation de pesticides conventionnels, en particulier les pesticides chimiques de synthèse, a considérablement réduit les pertes de récoltes et a connu un succès commercial. Cependant, l'utilisation excessive de pesticides chimiques qui manquent de toxicité spécifique a provoqué une série de problèmes environnementaux et de santé publique. L'intérêt de la recherche vers de nouveaux biopesticides naturels avec de nouveaux modes d'actions vise à un meilleur équilibre entre l'efficacité des pesticides et la réduction des méfaits possibles pour l'environnement et les humains. Les plantes sont une source importante de biopesticides. Les acides chlorogéniques (CQA), isolés à partir de diverses plantes et présentent in vivo et in vitro un large spectre d'activités biologiques, ont attiré l'attention avec un potentiel comme biopesticides basé sur la toxicité brevetée de l'acide 3,5-di-O-caféoylquinique contre les larves de Myzus persicae. L'étude des propriété insecticides notamment la mode d'action et l'étude de certaines relations structure-activité pourrait bénéficier de la synthèse de différents dérivés et analogues de CQA. Des analogues des acides 4-désoxy-3,5-dicinnamoy quiniques et 3,4- et 4,5-dicinnamoylquiniques naturels ont été synthétisés. Sept analogues dans la série 4-désoxy ont été soumis à des essais insecticides et deux composés présentent une activité insecticide plus élevée que l'acide 3,5-dicaféoylquinique naturel. Comme perspectives à ce travail, confirmer l'activité des composés synthétisés sur d'autres espèces de pucerons d'importance agronomique pourrait être réalisé. De plus, d’autres collaborations avec des biologistes pourraient être établies afin d’évaluer d'autres activités des composés synthétisés ou les utiliser comme outils pour étudier des mécanismes de biosynthése. / The use of conventional pesticides, especially the synthetic chemical pesticides, has greatly reduced the crop losses and gained a commercial success. However, the excessive use of pesticides lacking toxic specificity has caused a series of environmental and public health problems. The research interest toward new naturally-occurring biopesticides with novel modes of actions aims at a better balance between the efficiency of pesticide and reducing possible harms to environment and humans. Botanicals are an important source of biopesticides. Cinnamoyl quinic acids (CQA), isolated from various plants and shown to exhibit in vivo and in vitro a wide spectrum of biological activities, have attracted the attention with potential as biopesticides based on the patented toxicity of 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid against the larvae of Myzus persicae. The investigation of the insecticidal activity of CQA including their mode of action and the study of some structure-activity relationships could benefit from the synthesis of different CQA derivatives and analogs. A series of natural CQA derivatives natural 3,4- and 4,5-dicinnmamoylquinic acid derivatives but also analogs like 4-deoxy-3,5-dicinnamoylquinic acids were so synthesized. Seven targeted 4-deoxy CQA analogs were subjected to insecticidal assays, and two compounds were found to exhibit higher insecticidal activities than natural 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. As perspectives to this work, confirming the activity of the synthesized compounds on other aphid species of agronomic importance could be performed. Furthermore, other collaborations could be established with biologists dedicated to measure other bioactivities of the synthesized compounds or use them as tools to investigate various biological pathways.