1 Concurrence of the Position of a Governing Body and Statutory Authorization in Limited Companies and Cooperative in a Comparative Context Abstract The thesis provides an analysis of function concurrence between board members and employees to the extent of board members in companies limited by shares and in a society. The aim of this thesis is to describe the relative issues, problematic and controversial aspects of current doctrine and propose possible solutions, which could be acceptable for legal theory as well as for legal practice. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the validity of employment contract in case of concurrence of functions. The second part then describes the issue of company representation in case of concurrence of functions. The last part describes the relative issues, which are common to both previous sections. The first part deals mainly with the current legal regulation of the employment contract in case of concurrence of functions. Not long ago, the employment contract was held as invalid by case law; however a recent legislation has brought some reasonable changes and has explicitly declared the validity of the employment contract. Nevertheless, this has produced also some new issues, especially in the case of conflicts between the employment...

01 Abstract: Concurrence of the office of governing body and employment relationship The principal objective of this thesis is to analyse and collectively process issue of concurrence of the office of governing body and employment relationship. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this issue from the current legislation, jurisprudence and also from expert discussion point of view. At the same time, the thesis seeks to deal with the diversity of views and approaches to the issue. The thesis consist of four chapters, which do correspond to the main goals of the thesis, as stipulated in the Introduction. Chapter one deals with the theoretical background. There are defined basic terms such as agreement on the performance of a position or employment relationship, necessary for this thesis. Chapter two analyses the historical development of this issue, focusing not only on legislation, but also on jurisprudence. The first subchapter covers the period from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2011, as the first examined historical period. The second subchapter examines the brief period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, which is considered the only period when the concurrence of the office were explicitly allowed. The third chapter attempts to introduce foreign legislation of concurrence of the office of governing...

Title: External board members in family firms. Subject: Bachelor's thesis in business administration, 15 credits Authors: Maria Persson & Jenny SundqvistKeywords: Family firm, external board member, board, competence. Research questions: • What can external board members contribute with the company's current expertise? • What are the positive and negative aspects of bringing in external board members? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain the impact that external board members canhave on current competence, as well as positive and negative aspects in a family business. Method: This study was conducted with an abductive research approach. Furthermore, thestudy has applied a qualitative research method in which nine respondents from nine differentcompanies were interviewed. The literature study has been carried out by collecting theoriesfrom previous research studies. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that the appointment of external boardmembers has predominantly positive aspects compared to negative aspects. The externalboard members entail a broader and more advanced competence in the family company'sboard, which adds to and maintains the company's legitimacy.

Idag finns det mycket existerande forskning gällande bolagsstyrning. Mycket av denna forskning handlar om bolagsstyrelser, dess struktur, roll och sammansättning. Forskningsområdets fokus har oftast legat hos de traditionella bolagen vilka givit god grund till information och vetskap kring ämnet. Däremot finns det en begränsning i forskning gällande hur dessa styrelser måste anpassa sig vid en implementering av e-handel. Med denna kvalitativa studie vill vi studera styrelser och hur deras roll samt sammansättning påverkas då ett bolag väljer att implementera e-handel bland sina försäljningskanaler. Genom tolkning av arbetets teoretiska referensram och kvalitativa intervjuer med tre respondenter vilka alla besitter erfarenhet inom styrelsearbete. Fann vi att implementeringen av e-handel har påverkat hur bolag arbetar med sin styrelse. En styrelse har blivit ett strategiskt verktyg som krävs för att klara av e-handelns snabba tillväxt. Det läggs även en större vikt på styrelsens sammansättning, där en viss typ av kompetens efterfrågas mer än tidigare. / There is a great amount of research made about corporate governance. Much of this research is about the company's board of directors, its structure, role and composition. The area of focus has often been aligned with traditional companies which have given a stable foundation of information and knowledge regarding the subject. There is however a limitation in research with the focus on how these boards of directors must adapt to an implementation of e-commerce. With this qualitative study, we want to study boards of directors and how their roles and compositions are affected when a company chooses to implement e-commerce among their sales channels. Through interpretation of the studies theoretical chapter and qualitative interviews with three respondents which all possess experience within board governance. We discovered that the implementation of e-commerce has affected how a company works with their board of directors. The board has become a strategic tool that is required when handling high demands of growth related to e-commerce. The composition within the board of directors is as well of a greater importance of which a certain type of competence is in demand more than before.

Consumer Operated Service Providers (COSPs) are programs that are directed and administratively controlled by mental health consumers for their peers. As such, many mental health consumers have been placed in the position of serving on a COSP and often with unclear descriptions and no training. As a result, there is often a disconnect between the will of the board and the vision of the executive director, leading to tension and the possibility of failed mission. Using servant leadership as the guide, the goal of this case study was to explore the experiences of executive directors who operate Consumer Operated Service Providers (COSPs) in Texas that specialize in mental health recovery support services to better understand how they work with mental health consumers serving as their governing board members. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 7 executive directors of COSPs in Texas. Interview data were inductively coded, then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings revealed that the concept of servant leadership is commonly used to empower board members and create healthy working relationships between boards and executive directors, particularly around the area of motivating board members to engage with the organization. It was also revealed that the existence of COSPs, in conjunction with traditional governing boards, provides a good balance and perspective relative to strategic planning activities and fundraising. Positive social change implications include recommendations to executives of COSPs to more adequately mobilize and train consumer board members in order to achieve organizational goals that often include consumer focused care and treatment for a wide range of mental health issues.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Familjeföretag är oftast i behov inom olika områden av ett externt stöd som är oberoende från familjen och företaget. Revisorer och externa styrelseledamöter är två exempel som kan vara mycket värdefulla aktörer att ha i familjeföretag. Tidigare forskning som är relaterad till ämnet har undersökt antingen endast rollerna för externa styrelseledamöter inom familjeföretag eller bara revisorns roller i familjeföretag. Ingen tidigare forskning har dock diskuterat båda aktörernas roller tillsammans och undersökt om det finns en substitutions- eller komplementeffekt mellan de i små medelstora familjeföretag. Detta ger oss motivationen att bidra till forskning, genom att öka förståelse kring både aktörernas fyra roller inom familjeföretag och undersöka effekterna som uppstår mellan de.  Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka förståelsen för de rollerna som revisorer och externa styrelseledamöter har i ett familjeföretag, för att därmed utveckla kunskap om huruvida revisor kan substituera vissa roller som en extern styrelseledamot kan inneha, eller om både parter kompletterar varandra med sina roller i familjeföretag.   Metod: Deduktiv forskningsansats har använts, där uppsatsens teoretiska modell byggts upp utifrån befintliga teorier och forskning kring ämnet. En kvalitativ studie genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med ägare/VD i små och medelstora familjeföretag, för att få en förståelse för deras perspektiv på revisorns och externa styrelseledamöters roller samt eventuella effekter i familjeföretag.  Resultat och slutsats: Studien har kunnat påvisa att det förekommer en substitutions- och komplementeffekt mellan de olika aktörerna. Rollerna och effekterna varierade mellan olika familjeföretag. Detta är till följd av att familjeföretagen hade olika omständigheter och förväntningar på rollerna som skiljer sig åt i respektive familjeföretag. Dessa skillnader kunde vi identifiera genom olika faktorer som lyfts fram. / Background and problem discussion: Family businesses are usually in need in various areas of external support that is independent from the family and the company. Auditors and external board members are two examples that can be very valuable actors to have in family businesses. Previous research related to the topic has examined either only the roles of outside directors in family firms or only the roles of the auditor in family firms. However, no previous research has discussed the roles of both actors together and investigated whether there is a substitution or complementarity effect between them in small medium-sized family businesses. This gives us the motivation to contribute to research, by increasing understanding around both the actors' four roles within family businesses and investigating the effects that arise between them.  Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to increase understanding of the roles that auditors and external board members have in a family business, to thereby develop knowledge about whether the auditor can substitute certain roles that an external board member can hold, or whether both parties complement each other with their roles in family businesses.  Method: A deductive research approach has been used, where the essay's theoretical model has been built up based on existing theories and research on the subject. A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with owners/CEOs in small and medium-sized family businesses, to gain an understanding of their perspective on the roles of the auditor and external board members as well as possible effects in family businesses.  Results and conclusion: The study has been able to demonstrate that there is a substitution and complementation effect between the various actors. The roles and effects varied between different family businesses. This is because the family businesses had different circumstances and expectations of the roles that differ in each family business. We were able to identify these differences through several different factors that were highlighted.

This quantitative study examined the perceptions of members of Oklahoma public higher education governing boards and legislators concerning higher education governance. The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding among the participants as to the role governing boards should play in the system. The population for the study comprised 142 members of the Oklahoma Legislature and 107 members of 15 Oklahoma public higher education governing boards. The principal investigator used a web-based survey development company to design, collect, and store survey responses. Results from the study were examined using independent samples t tests and one-way ANOVAs. From these tests, 5 out of 15 research questions had statistically significant findings. Analysis of the data revealed that legislators and members of governing boards perceive the role of governing boards differently in some key ways. There were significant differences concerning governing boards primarily serving to promote the interests of individual institutions, with members of governing boards, Democrats, and participants from suburban areas more likely to agree with this position. Members of the legislature were significantly more likely to agree than members of governing boards that the primary role of governing boards is policy implementation. There were also significant differences concerning the role of governing boards serving primarily to keep the expenditure of public dollars as low as possible with participants from urban areas agreeing with this statement.

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