This dissertation investigated the meanings students from beginner jazz ensembles ascribe to learning jazz improvisation through Dalcroze-inspired activities. Over the course of ten weeks, students from three respective beginner jazz ensembles were exposed to Dalcroze-inspired activities as the medium for learning to improvise. The sessions were held on a weekly basis, facilitated by the researcher. Hermeneutic phenomenology guided the research procedures. In-depth interviews, personal reflections, participant reflection essays as well as video recordings were the methods of data collection. Through the use of Atlas.ti 7, the data were organized and analysed by means of coding and categorisation, which led to the identification of five themes. The five themes that emerged from the data analysis were: feeling the music in my body, supporting development as a jazz musician, building character, building relationships, and stimulating and motivating learning. This study provides an understanding of the connection between jazz improvisation and Dalcroze Eurhythmics as well as how students experience learning jazz improvisation through Dalcrozeinspired activities. Through this understanding this study proposes a more holistic approach to jazz improvisation teaching that can inform further research and application of Dalcroze Eurhythmics in jazz pedagogy. / MMus (Musicology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Text in Afrikaans / Infringement, by the executive, of the right to privacy of the individual is an everyday occurrence. Section 14 of the Constitution, Act 108 of 1996 protects the right to privacy. The Criminal Procedure Act, Act 51 of 1977 authorises the police service, to search for and seize articles, to enter premises, ascertain bodily features of accused and to employ traps and undercover operations. On the one hand the Criminal Procedure Act authorises the police to infringe the privacy of the individual but on the other hand it guarantees the privacy of the individual. The provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act are qualified by the Constitution, specifically by section 36 and 35(5). The authorisation of a police officer should be obtained before a person could be arrested without a warrant, which should, in any event, be the last resort. The written permission of an officer must be obtained prior to the making of an application for a warrant to a magistrate. A police officer should be prohibited from issuing a search warrant, as the general perception of the public is that members of the police may not be sufficiently independent. The exercising of magistrates' discretion regarding the decision as to whether a search warrant should be issued or not should be extended. A search warrant should comply with strict requirements as to who may execute the warrant, when, how and when the warrant will become invalid. Search and seizure without a warrant should not be allowed at all, except in circumstances where there is an immediate threat or danger to a person, property or the public safety. In cases of urgency, it should be made possible to obtain the telephonic permission from a magistrate to search property. Where necessary to ascertain the bodily features of an accused through surgery, a compulsory application in terms of section 37(3) should be made to the court for authorisation, irrespective of whether the accused consents to the surgery or not. More importance should be attached to the rights of the individual and the powers of the executive should be limited. / Jurisprudence / LL.D

The purpose of this Thesis is to determine which set of private law rules ought to apply to the use and storage of bodily material. I recommend that the most appropriate legal approach is through a combination of property rights and duties of confidentiality. The suggestion is that where a healthcare institution obtains possession of bodily material, their possession of the material may give rise to property rights in the material. In addition, where an individual retains entitlements in bodily material that is held by a healthcare institution, the entitlements of the individual ought to be protected through the imposition of duties on the healthcare institution that are akin to duties of confidentiality. This recommendation is the product of two main inquires. The first inquiry concerns which entitlements individuals and institutions ought to be able to exercise in separated bodily material. This involves an investigation into which aspects of the relationship between a person and their body can also be found in the relationship between a person and their separated bodily material. It also involves an assessment as to which societal interests can be served through allocating entitlements in bodily material to healthcare institutions, and how to resolve the conflict between individual and societal interests in the use and storage of bodily material. The second main inquiry concerns the way in which different branches of private law are able to protect entitlements in things. I identify that property rights, rights of bodily integrity and privacy are similar insofar as they protect entitlements through the exclusion of others. Property rights are nonetheless distinct as property law concerns rights than can exist independently of the rights-holder. The recommended approach follows from connecting the different entitlements in bodily material that ought to obtain legal protection with different ways an entitlement may be afforded legal protection.

This study applied conversation analysis for the first time to episodes in which children express pain and bodily sensations in the everyday setting of family mealtimes. It focuses on the components of children s expressions, the character of parents responses, and how the sequence is resolved. Three families who had a child with a long term health condition were recruited through voluntary support groups and agreed to film 15-17 mealtimes. In total 47 mealtimes were recorded totalling 23 hours of data. Each family had two children aged 15 months to nine years and included a heterosexual married couple. This data was supplemented by archives in the Discourse and Rhetoric Group: a further nine hours of mealtime recordings by two families each with two children aged three to seven years. The analysis describes four key components of children s expressions of bodily sensation and pain: lexical formulations; prosodic features; pain cries and embodied actions, revealing the way in which they can be built together to display different aspects of the experience. The results highlight the nature of these expressions as initiating actions designed in and for interaction. An examination of the sequence that follows demonstrates the negotiated character of pain. Descriptions of the nature of the child s pain and its authenticity are produced, amended, resisted or accepted in the turns that follow. During these sequences participant orientations reveal the pervasive relevance of eating related tasks that characterises mealtime interaction. The discussion concludes by describing the unique insights into the negotiated rather than private nature of a child s pain demonstrated by this study, and the way in which pain can be understood as produced and dealt with as part of the colourful tapestry of everyday family life in which everyday tasks are achieved, knowledge and authority is claimed and participants are positioned in terms of their relationship to one another.

Bodily Force and Rhetorical Function in the Afro-Brazilian Art Form of Capoeira examines how practitioners of capoeira, a dance-like martial art developed by African slaves in Brazil during the slave trade, enact forms of contestation, resistance, and accommodation through their performances, as well as how the practice of capoeira results in productions and interruptions of social and cultural hierarchies. Building upon historical research, interviews, and participant observations at a local capoeira site, I argue that the movements, gestures, and facial expressions that drive communicative performances between two or more practitioners elucidate intersections between rhetoric, performance, and the body. More specifically, I demonstrate that the capoeira body operates as a physical force that serves a variety of rhetorical functions, including intervening in social structures of dominance, performing identities, recording histories, establishing relational politics, and inviting self and communal transformation. Interrogating the art form's colonial past, I suggest that capoeira has the potential to teach anti-oppression practices and to serve as a locus of coalition building across multiple lines of difference.

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the current process research by investigating a psychotherapist's experience during psychotherapy. Massage therapy and relaxation therapy were used to manipulate psychotherapist's bodily focus, physiology, and affective state. Topics discussed include: the bodily focus of the therapist, neurobiological models of experience, mind-body boundary issues, and a present-time focus. Doctoral level Counseling and Clinical graduate students were used as participants.

Que se passe-t-il au cœur de la mêlée ? Si cette question se pose au néophyte, elle fait aussi débat au sein des institutions. Il s’agit à la fois de garantir la sécurité du joueur et d’assurer les conditions d’une mêlée performante. Notre questionnement est issu de notre pratique de joueuse de première ligne. La mêlée s’est avérée à la fois source de satisfaction et de douleur, de plaisir de l’impact et de peur de la blessure… ces ressentis évoluant au fur et à mesure de l’expérience construite. Si différentes recherches étudient la mêlée, les développements scientifiques se focalisent sur des facteurs anatomiques et biomécaniques de la blessure. En écho avec des préoccupations de la Fédération Française de Rugby, nous proposons une autre approche plaçant au centre le point de vue du joueur et ses pratiques effectives en mêlée. Une étude exploratoire menée auprès de cinq experts nous a permis d’entrevoir différentes conceptions de la performance en mêlée et d’envisager, au moins dans le discours, plusieurs modalités de pratique. S’est alors posée la question de la diversité des pratiques effectives et de ce qui les organise. Nous avons donc étudié ce qui se joue en mêlée pour un joueur de première ligne. Nous nous inscrivons dans une perspective énactive qui considère la vie, selon un processus d’autopoïèse, en tant qu’auto production et auto affirmation d’une identité produisant, par ses interactions, un soi cognitif et son monde adéquat. L’humain est considéré comme un complexe de micro-identités construites au sein de contextes socioculturels. Une philosophie des normes et des valeurs s’est avérée nécessaire pour envisager la manière dont s’expriment ces micro-identités et selon laquelle elles organisent les pratiques. Ceci nous a conduite à l’hypothèse d’une sensibilité à en tant que sens structurant, c’est-à-dire l’existence d’une norme prévalente assurant une orientation d’ensemble dominant les actes et les organisant à partir d’une valeur directrice. Pour documenter le sens de l’expérience, nous avons investigué la signification incarnée à partir de matériaux d’observation et d’entretiens d’autoconfrontation et en re-situ subjectif. Dix joueurs ont volontairement participé à l’étude : un d’entre eux évoluait en Fédérale 2 (catégorie C), les autres en Espoirs, Fédérale 1, Pro D2, Top 14 ou Top 10 (catégorie A).Nous avons identifié chez les joueurs de première ligne différentes sensibilités à : sensibilité à l’impact, au gain du ballon, à l’arbitrage de la mêlée, au duel individuel ou collectif, au fait d’avancer/ne pas reculer. Ainsi, plusieurs micro-mondes de pratique ont été mis à jour, révélant différentes modalités de la performance en mêlée. Ces dernières se sont parfois avérées en tension avec les attentes de l’entraîneur pour un poste donné et avec des consignes et exigences de sécurité. Ce travail a aussi permis de mettre à jour la complexité des jeux de norme. En effet, chez tous les joueurs, les normes qui organisent leur activité au cours de la mêlée sont plurielles, voire en débat : des normes plus contingentes ont été repérées. Enfin, une même sensibilité à particulière peut être de différentes natures : vitale, de devoir social ou d’exécution. En esquissant différentes sensibilités à, nos travaux proposent une nouvelle typologie des joueurs à risques et enrichissent les perspectives de prévention des blessures en mêlée. Les joueurs ayant des facteurs de risque importants paraissent être ceux pour qui la norme prévalente revêt un enjeu de viabilité identitaire ; ils prennent alors « inconsidérément » des risques démesurés pour leur intégrité physique ou celle des partenaires et adversaires, car leur micro-monde s’organise autour d’autres préoccupations qui font que ces risques restent largement inaperçus. / What exactly takes place in a scrum? Not only will a neophyte ask this question, but it will also be debated among various institutions. Making sure the player’s security and the conditions of a performing scrum are guaranteed is at the core of the question. This enquiry has been undertaken thanks to our front row rugby player practice. Playing in scrum has been an experience of both satisfaction and suffering, pleasure of impact and fear of injury... All this has, of course, evolved as experience was gained. The different studies concerning rugby scrums mostly focus on the anatomical and biomechanical aspects of injuries whereas, echoing the French Rugby Board’s concerns, we suggest another approach centered around the player’s point of view and his actual practice of scrum. An exploratory study made with five experts has allowed us to foresee different conceptions of performance in a scrum and to view different forms of practice. Then, the question of the diversity of actual practices and what organizes them was asked. This is why we have studied what is at stake in a scrum for a front line player.In order to document the meaning of this experience, we have investigated the embodied significance from materials of observation and interviews of auto-confrontation and in re-situ subjective. Ten players have voluntarily participated in the study: one of them played in Federal 2 (category C), the others in “Hopes”, Federal 1, Pro D2, Top14 or Top 10 (category A).Among front line players we have identified different sensibilities to: the sensibility to impact, to the fact of winning the ball, to scrum refereeing, to individual or collective duel, to the fact of moving forward / not backward. Thus, different practices have been revealed, showing different forms of performance in a scrum. The latter have sometimes been questioned by some coaches for a given post and with security instructions and requirements. This work has also allowedan enhancement of the complexity of normed games. It is true that, for any player, the norms that organize his activity in the mid of a scrum are diverse, sometimes even controversial: more contingent norms have been spotted. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the same specific sensibility to can actually be of different kinds.By outlining different sensibilities to, our workbrings a new typology of high risk players and allows new perspectives concerning the prevention of scrum injuries. As a matter of fact, those players tend to take disproportionate risks “thoughtlessly”, thus putting at risk their physical integrity or their partners’ or opponents ‘just because their micro-world is organized around concerns that make those risks largely unnoticed.

This essay explores men´s relationship to training through a phenomenological understanding of bodily comfort and orientation. This is done by a survey performed with three men who identified themselves as feminist and continuingly exercise their bodies. The phenomenological understanding is then broadened by coupling the men's experiences to contemporary research on masculinity. By employing theories surrounding Sara Ahmed's view on phenomenology and Raewyn Connell's hegemonic masculinity, the essay shows that the men's bodily comfort and orientation is affected by the fact that they exercise. Through their training they construct bodies that in some aspects correlates with the conception of being in form, being fit. It also correlates with normative conceptions of masculine bodies. The conception of the fit body and masculinity is also explored through a view on norms of society. The feeling of incorporating social norms increases the men's bodily comfort, and give them a sense of being in control of their bodies. That they identified as feminist shows that they have an ambivalent relationship to their practitioner.

O termo prática corporal vem sendo utilizado de maneira frequente, tanto no âmbito das pesquisas acadêmicas, quanto nos documentos oficiais no campo da Saúde, fazendo-se presente, inclusive, em revistas comerciais de grande circulação nacional. Introduzidas no campo da Saúde, a ideia é de que essas práticas compreendem sistemas, posturas e movimentos somáticos integrados que podem desenvolver a energia e funcionamento do corpo enquanto todo unificado. Os significados que as pessoas lhes atribuem em relação às suas vivências são, frequentemente, relacionados à ludicidade e à organização cultural. Além disso, esse termo difere conceitualmente da tradicional definição de atividade física e de exercício físico, uma vez que as práticas corporais parecem representar as manifestações da cultura de determinado grupo. As questões relacionadas ao esforço, ao gasto energético e às vantagens objetivas em relação ao controle e tratamento de doenças, e da melhora da aptidão física, objetivos típicos da atividade física e do exercício, parecem ficar em segundo plano quando o termo é adotado. Será que essa possível oposição conceitual entre o termo prática corporal e os termos atividade física/exercício físico poderia sinalizar para um posicionamento crítico acerca dos usos tradicionais das indicações de atividade física e exercício físico, propondo que as práticas corporais poderiam ser alternativas para sua indicação? Ou esse uso propõe apenas uma ampliação das possibilidades de atividades a serem indicadas? Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre o sentido e significado das práticas corporais explicitados nos documentos oficiais publicados como subsídios para a atenção em Saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). No presente estudo, nos propomos a analisar documentos publicados pelo Ministério da Saúde que se relacionam à temática das práticas corporais. Para tal, buscamos entender o sentido e o significado da comunicação presente naqueles documentos guiados pela análise de conteúdo do tipo representacional. Os documentos analisados foram obtidos por meio digital (internet). A aplicação da análise de conteúdo desses documentos se deu em três etapas: pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento dos resultados (inferência e a interpretação). Os achados referentes à análise dos documentos demostraram que o corpo que interagirá nas práticas corporais é o corpo cultural, repleto de símbolos e signos e que essa visão se relaciona a diversos aspectos caros à antropologia. Identificou-se, também, que o uso do termo aponta para a necessidade de superação da ação prescritora e amparada na perspectiva biomédica em Saúde do profissional que lidará com as práticas corporais no SUS / The term bodily practice has been frequently used, both in the scope of academic research, and in the official documents in the field of Health, making itself present, even in commercial magazines of great circulation nationwide. Introduced into the field of Health, the idea is that these practices comprise systems, postures and integrated somatic movements that can develop the energy and functioning of the body as a unified whole. The meanings that people give to it, in relation to their experiences, are often related to playfulness and cultural organization. Besides, this term differs conceptually from the traditional definition of physical activity and physical exercise, since Bodily Practices seem to represent the manifestations of the body culture of a certain group. The issues related to effort, energy expenditure and objective advantages in relation to the control and treatment of diseases, typical goals of physical activity, exercise and improvement of physical fitness seem to be in the background when the term is used. Could this possible conceptual opposition between the term Bodily Practice and the terms physical activity/physical exercise signal to a critical positioning about the traditional uses of the indications of the practice of physical activity and physical exercise, proposing that the bodily practices could be alternatives for its indication?Or proposes only an expansion of the possibilities of activities to be indicated? Taking these issues into consideration, the objective of this inquiry was to carry out a critical reflection on the meaning and signification of the Body Practices in the Health Unic System, as explained in the official documents published as subsidies for healthcare in Health Unic System. In the present study we propose to analyze documents published by the Ministry of Health that relate to the theme of Bodily Practices. To such task, we seek to understand the meaning of the communication present in the analyzed documents through the content analysis of the representational type,. The documents that were analyzed were obtained by digital means (internet). The application of the content analysis of these documents occurred in three important stages: pre-analysis, material exploration and treatment of results (inference and interpretation). The findings related to the analysis of the documents proposed by this research showed that the body that will interact in the Bodily Practices is the cultural body, filled of symbols and signs, and that this view is related to several aspects dear to the anthropology field. It was also observed that the use of the term points to the need to overcome the prescriber action and supported in the biomedical perspective in Health by the professional that will deal with the Bodily Practices in the Health Unic System

My thesis explores the interplay between perceptual awareness, metacognition and metarepresentations using various experimental manipulations. It is articulated around two approaches. 
The first part of my thesis seeks to better understand how perceptual awareness and metacognition are modulated by experimentally-induced metarepresentations in two studies based on beliefs manipulation. We use placebo suggestions aiming at improving perceptual awareness at different levels of processing in a first set of visual experiments and we study the impact of a negative placebo suggestion impact on perceptual awareness and metacognitive abilities in a second set of tactile experiments. Ours results suggest that placebo suggestions lead to fragile if not non-existent effects in non-noxious perception and that high-level cognitive-affective components may be essential for placebo effect to occur. The second part is focused on the relationship between perceptual consciousness and a core metarepresentation that is the self. In particular, it aims at deepening our understanding of whether bodily self-consciousness has a role in shaping perceptual consciousness. This fundamental relation has indeed surprisingly remained overlooked so far, perceptual- and bodily self- consciousness being largely studied independently. This second part is composed of 3 studies. The first one examines how body movement can influence vision and metacognition through sensory attenuation. The second study investigates how manipulating one’s sense of self through sensorimotor conflicts alters perception and metacognition. The third study explores whether self-metacognition requires embodiment and to which extent one can evaluate the (un)certainty of others. Taken together, our findings suggest that the brain — and consciousness — cannot be studied in isolation, and that it is essential to take into account our body and our actions into the world, as well as the fact that we live in a social environment in order to have a deeper understanding of perceptual consciousness. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished