Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [129]-131.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [129]-131.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [129]-131.

Orientador: Leticia de las Mercedes Marín León / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:07:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_DanieleFlavianeMendes_M.pdf: 10005240 bytes, checksum: 43c5e4adab4ad61d96d8a7c334edc71f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O potencial de crescimento infantil depende da herança genética, mas é intensamente influenciado por fatores ambientais físicos e sociais. A realização completa desse potencial é favorecida por uma alimentação saudável, boas condições de vida, ótimo estado nutricional e de condições de saúde. Alta prevalência de anemia na primeira infância tem sido associada ao déficit de crescimento infantil. Estima-se que no Brasil aproximadamente, 20,9% das crianças menores de cinco anos de idade apresentam hemoglobina menor que 11g/dL. A deficiência de ferro é a mais comum e prevalente entre as deficiências de micronutrientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de saúde da mãe/bebê que interferem na velocidade de crescimento no primeiro ano de vida. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, envolvendo 280 pares mãe/bebê com dados completos, nascidos no Hospital Estadual de Sumaré/SP, entre maio e dezembro de 2005. São apresentados dados do nascimento, 150 e 360 dias. Mediante teste t-Student, qui-quadrado de Pearson, teste exato de Fisher e análises de regressão logística univariada e múltipla onde foram calculados Odds Ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% brutos e ajustados para identificar as variáveis associadas à menor velocidade de crescimento no primeiro e segundo semestre do primeiro ano de vida. Entre o nascimento e os 150 dias, apresentaram menor média de crescimento (escore z Estatura/Idade) as crianças nascida com peso insuficiente (-1,14 vs 0,23 p=<0,001); pré-termo (-0,86 vs -0,02 p=0,003), que apresentaram aos 150 dias de vida Hb <11g/dl (0,46 vs 0,86 p=0,025). Entre os 150 e 360 dias de vida, apresentaram menor média de crescimento (escore z Estatura/Idade) as crianças que ainda estavam em AM (-0,46 vs 0,07 p=0,004) e as que tinham apresentado febre nos 30 dias precedentes (-0,47 vs 0,00 p=0,014). Ao usar o indicador incremento de estatura estiveram associadas a crescimento <30%, entre o nascimento e os 150 dias: sobrepeso pré-gestacional da mãe (IMC? 25Kg/m² - OR=3,62; IC95% 1,66-7,89), antecedente de anemia da criança (OR=3,77; IC95% 1,28-11,10) e de diarréia (OR=2,58; IC95% 1,10-6,07). Entre os 150 e 360 dias, apresentaram maior chance de deficit no crescimento, as crianças filhos de mães que apresentaram anemia no pré-natal (OR=2,53; IC95% 1,16 - 5,54); as que tiveram infecção das vias aéreas superiores aos 150 dias (OR=2,21; IC95% 1,09 - 4,46) e as que estavam em aleitamento materno aos 360 dias de vida (OR=1,92; IC95% 1,01 - 3,67). Assim é fundamental que os programas de saúde maternos infantil priorizem a prevenção da anemia materna e infantil como também o tratamento das morbidades no primeiro ano de vida / Abstract: The infant's growth potential depends on genetics, but is strongly influenced by environmental factors, both physical and social. The full attainment of this potential is favored by a healthy diet, good living conditions, excellent nutritional status and health conditions. High prevalence of infant anemia has been associated with infant growth deficit. It is estimated that in Brazil approximately 20.9% of children younger than five years of age have hemoglobin less than 11g/dL. Iron deficiency is the most common and prevalent micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, socioeconomic and health factors of the mother/baby that interfere with growth rate in the first year of life. This is a prospective cohort study involving 280 pairs mother/baby with complete data, born in the Sumaré State Hospital/SP, between May and December 2005. Data from the birth, 150 and 360 days are presented. Using Student t test, Pearson chi ², Fisher exact test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes to calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval, to identify the variables associated with slower growth in the first and second semester of the first year of life. Between birth and 150 days, it was observed lower mean growth (z score height/age) among children born underweight (-1.14 vs 0.23; p = <0.001), preterm (-0.86 vs -0.02; p = 0.003), which had Hb <11g/dl at 150 days of life (0.46 vs 0.86 p = 0.025). Between 150 and 360 days of age, it was observed lower mean growth (z score height/age) among children that were still being breastfed (-0.46 vs 0.07 p = 0.004) and who had had fever in the previous 30 days (-0.47 vs 0.00 p = 0.014). When the indicator height rate was used, it was observed association with height rate <30% between birth and 150 days, among those born from overweight mother (pre-pregnancy BMI ? 25kg/m² OR = 3.62; CI 1.66 to 7.89), history of child anemia (OR = 3.77 IC 1.28 to 11.10) and diarrhea (OR = 2.58 CI 1.10 to 6.07). Between 150 and 360 days, children with a history of fever (OR = 2.85 CI 1.63 to 4.96) and hemoglobin <9.5 g / dl (OR = 3.63 CI 1.43 to 9.23), were approximately three times more likely to grow less than 12%. Morbidity in the first year of life has a negative effect on linear growth, and in the second half of the first year, anemia was the main inhibitor of growth. Thus it is essential that child health programs prioritize the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Between 150 and 360 days, the conditions that were more likely to decrease the height rate were, maternal prenatal anemia (OR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.16 to 5.54), babies upper respiratory infections at 150 days (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.09 to 4.46) and being breast fed at 360 days (OR = 1.92; 95% 1.01 - 3. 67). Thus it is essential that the maternal child health programs prioritize the prevention of maternal and infant anemia and also treatment of morbidity, in the first year of life / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

No description available.

Title: Relations between high, jumping and speed-dexterity parameters in older students' volleyball Objectives: The aim of this work is to identify and evaluate the relationships between high, jumping and speed-dexterity parameters in older students' volleyball in the years 2008 to 2012. Methods: For the processing and evaluation of data retrieved from the results of standardized tests for volleyball in individual years and generally used method of comparison (comparison) data were also used basic statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, maximum, minimum, range of variation, T-sections, McCall criterion). The evaluation was performed by means of graphs and verbal assessment. Results: In the selection of the 20 highest players in each year from 2008 to 2012 could not be confirmed that the majority did not reach above the average of the absolute values after smash jump start, but it was confirmed that the majority did not reach above-average values when measuring speed-dexterity test, known as K-test measured against a whole group of players in a given year. Furthermore, according to the processed data confirmed that most of the selection of 20 of the K-test the best players in each year from 2008 to 2012 will achieve above-average values of the absolute jump start after smash...

Growth, that is a sensitive indicator of children's health, should be evaluated in relation to suitable reference data. Under the term "physiological growth of chidren" is understood growth of long-term breast-fed infants that is - in the first months of their life - different from the growth of infants, who were not breast fed. This Thesis is focused on evaluation of impacts the long-term breast-feeding has on the growth of children in their pre-school age and on the differences in comparison with the children, who were breast- fed only minimally or not at all. Data used for this Thesis elaboration were obtained from a questionnaire and by measuring the essential physical proportions of children in different nursery and primary schools in Prague. Thereafter; by analysing the received data, we have come to the conclusion that long-term breast-feeding does not have any significant impact onto stature, weight nor head circumference of pre-school children. Some differences were detected concerning the BMI values and thickness of skin folds; however, the results were out of accord with our expectations that the long-term breast-fed children will have lower BMI values than the children, who were breast-fed just minimally. Comparing the Z-score of the long-term breast-fed children with regard to the data from the...

by Warren Tak-keung Lee. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-186). / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Calcium intakes of Hong Kong Chinese: past and present --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Adults --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Children --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Calcium Metabolism --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Calcium and bone mass --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Ethnicity and bone mass --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Physical activity and bone mass --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Hormonal control of calcium metabolism --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Intestinal calcium absorption --- p.14 / Chapter (1) --- Calcium transport across the intestine / Chapter (2) --- Active Calcium Transport / Chapter (3) --- Passive calcium transport / Chapter (4) --- Age and calcium absorption / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Dietary components in relation to calcium bioavailability and absorption --- p.17 / Chapter (1) --- Habitual calcium intake / Chapter (2) --- Vitamin D nutritional status / Chapter (3) --- Protein / Chapter (4) --- Phosphorous and Ca:P ratio / Chapter (5) --- Sodium / Chapter (6) --- Lactose / Chapter (7) --- Glucose and Glucose Polymers / Chapter (8) --- Phytate / Chapter (9) --- Oxalate / Chapter (10) --- Plant estrogen (phyto-estrogen) / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Bioavailability from calcium salts --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3 --- Calcium intakes and requirements --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Calcium requirements in adulthood --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Calcium requirements in childhood --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Manifestation of calcium deficiency in children --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4 --- Assessment of Dietary Intakes --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Food weighing method --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Food Recording method --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- 24-hour dietary recall --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Food frequency method --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Dietary history method --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Chemical analysis of duplicate meals --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Photographic method --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- Selecting suitable methods for the present study --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5 --- Food composition database --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6 --- Evaluation of bone mass in vivo --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Single photon absorptiometry --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Dual photon absorptiometry --- p.46 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Quantitative computerized tomography --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- The techniques selected to quantify bone mass in the present study --- p.48 / Chapter 2.7 --- Measurement of intestinal calcium absorption --- p.49 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Metabolic balance study --- p.49 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Isotopic techniques (radioisotope or stable isotope) --- p.50 / Chapter (1) --- Radio isotope vs stable isotope / Chapter (2) --- The single-label isotope technique / Chapter (3) --- The double-label isotope technique / Chapter (4) --- "Preparation of stable isotopes for human study, and determination of stable isotopes in body fluids" / Chapter (I) --- Dosage considerations / Chapter (II) --- Intrinsic or Extrinsic labelling / Chapter (III) --- Oral and intravenous administration of isotopes / Chapter 2.7.3 --- The technique selected to determine calcium absorption in the present study --- p.60 / Chapter 2.8 --- Mass spectrometry --- p.60 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Thermal ionization mass spectrometry --- p.60 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry --- p.61 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry --- p.61 / Chapter 2.8.4 --- Electron impact mass spectrometry and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry --- p.62 / Chapter 2.8.5 --- Neutron activation analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 2.8.6 --- The type of mass spectrometry used to determine stable isotopic ratios in the present study --- p.63 / Chapter 2.9 --- Assessment of physical activity in children --- p.63 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Activity questionnaire or record --- p.64 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Direct measurement of physical activity --- p.65 / Chapter (1) --- Accelerometer / Chapter (2) --- Pedometer / Chapter (3) --- Actometer / Chapter (4) --- Video-recording / Chapter (5) --- Heart-rate recording / Chapter 2.9.3 --- Selection of a suitable physical activity assessment method --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATON TRIALS IN RELATION TO BONE AND HEIGHT ACQUISITION IN 7-YEAR OLD CHINESE CHILDREN FROM JIANGMEN (CHINA) AND HONG KONG --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chapter summary --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chapter Introduction --- p.72 / PART I --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3 --- Double-blind Controlled Randomized Calcium Supplementation and Bone and Height Acquisition in Chinese Children Accustomed to Mean Calcium Intake at About 300mg/d --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Objectives --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Subject and Methods --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Discussions --- p.83 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.84 / PART II --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4 --- Randomized double-blind controlled calcium supplementation in relation to bone mineral accretion and height increment of Hong Kong Chinese children --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Objectives --- p.85 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Subjects and Methods --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Results --- p.91 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Discussions --- p.95 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.97 / Chapter 3.5 --- Comparisons of the two calcium supplementation trials from Jiangmen and Hong Kong --- p.97 / Chapter 3.6 --- Chapter Discussions --- p.99 / Chapter 3.7 --- Chapter Conclusion --- p.103 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- TRUE FRACTIONAL CALCIUM ABSORPTION OF CHINESE CHILDREN AND THE EFFECTS OF DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON CALCIUM ABSORPTION IN CHILDREN MEASURED WITH STABLE ISOTOPES (42Ca and 44Ca) --- p.117 / Chapter 4.1 --- Chapter summary --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2 --- Chapter introduction --- p.118 / PART I --- p.119 / Chapter 4.3 --- True fractional calcium absorption in Chinese children measured with stable isotopes (42Ca and 44Ca) --- p.119 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.119 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Objectives --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- "Subjects, Materials and Methods" --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Results --- p.127 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Discussions & Conclusion --- p.131 / Part II --- p.131 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effects of double-blind controlled calcium supplementation on calcium absorption in Chinese children measured with stable isotopes (42Ca and 44Ca) --- p.131 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.131 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Objective --- p.132 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- "Subjects, Materials and Methods" --- p.132 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Results --- p.135 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Discussions --- p.137 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.139 / Chapter 4.5 --- Chapter Conclusion and Discussions --- p.140 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- GENERAL DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY --- p.156 / Chapter 5.1 --- Ethnic differences in bone acquisition and calcium absorption --- p.156 / Chapter 5.2 --- Calcium requirements for Chinese children --- p.157 / Chapter 5.3 --- Indications for further studies --- p.158 / REFERENCES --- p.161 / APPENDIXES / PUBLICATIONS

Denna studie är en kandidatuppsats i designteknik. Bakgrunden till arbetet är en fältstudie som genomfördes våren 2019. Fältstudien spenderades på ett modeföretag, specifikt på en avdelning som tar fram damkläder. Under den tiden jobbade avdelningen med att ta fram plagg för kvinnor som är kortare än genomsnittet. Det gav upphov till idén att undersöka området närmare eftersom det är stor efterfrågan på dessa specialstorlekar. Syftet med studien är att identifiera skillnader i mått och passform mellan en storlek för medellånga jämfört med en kortare storleksserie, samt att analysera marknadens utbud av nämnda specialstorlek. I arbetet med studien togs tre grundmönster för blus fram. Första grundmönstret utgick från en standardmåttlista för en genomsnittslängd. De andra två konstruerades för kvinnor under genomsnittslängd. Den ena togs fram efter marknadens kroppsmått och den andra utifrån en standardmåttlista under medellängd, för att kunna påvisa differenser i passform. Därefter verifierades passformen genom avprovning på personer under genomsnittslängd. Resultatet efter avprovningarna visade att grundmönstret skapat efter standardmåttlistan hade bättre passform än marknadens mönster. / This report is a bachelor essay in garment technology. The background for this report is a field study that took place during spring 2019. The field study was carried out at a fashion company, specifically at a department that produces women’s clothes. During that period the department was in the process of creating garments for women of short stature. That sparked the idea to investigate the field a bit closer, due to the big demand for well fitted garments among shorter women. The aim of the study is to identify differences in fit between a size for women of average height and women of shorter stature, and to analyze the market’s assortment of shorter sizes. In this study three basic patterns were constructed. The first pattern was created from a standard measurement chart for women of average height. The other two was constructed for shorter women. One was developed according to the market’s body measurements and the other based on a standard measurement chart for women below average height, to be able to determine differences in fit. The fit was then verified through fittings on models of shorter stature. The result showed that the pattern developed from a standard measurement chart had a better fit than the pattern based on the market’s body measurements.

This thesis focuses on the evaluation of how body height, BMI, gender, and leisure-time physical activities affect movement competence of pupils. The theoretical part analyses the younger school age and its characteristics in physical, psychical, movement, and motoric development. We further also analyze how movement activities affect child's organisms. The critical chapter of the theoretical part is a chapter about growth and development. Additionally, we add information about anthropometric and somatic changes in the younger school age. At the end of the theoretical part, we provide an overview of methods that can be used to measure movement competence. We mainly elaborate on MOBAK 3 method, which we chose to use in our research. The research part describes the selected research and statistic methods, research sample, and results. The data showed that there is no significant relationship between body height and movement competence. However, we found significant relationships with the other variables - BMI, gender, and leisure-time physical aktivity. KEYWORDS younger school age, body height, movement competence, motoric testing, Mobak