Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pittsburgh, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-169).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pittsburgh, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-169).

Com a transição nutricional, da desnutrição para a obesidade, característica dos países em desenvolvimento, como é o caso do Brasil, o enfoque das pesquisas sobre o estado nutricional vem se voltando para a questão da obesidade. São escassos, particularmente no Brasil, estudos consistentes na área da nutrição voltados à relação do estado nutricional com o comportamento humano, especificamente no que concerne à percepção subjetiva das pessoas em relação ao seu próprio corpo. A percepção da imagem corporal tem sido sistematicamente associada a transtornos do comportamento alimentar, como a anorexia nervosa, a bulimia e a obesidade. Uma das questões seria qual a relação da percepção da imagem corporal nas atitudes e comportamentos alimentares das pessoas, na comunidade em geral, sem diagnóstico específico de transtornos alimentares. Haveria alguma relação com o estado nutricional, ou com alguma característica específica do comportamento alimentar? Este trabalho tem por objetivo responder estas questões. Para avaliação do estado nutricional foi considerada a classificação do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) proposta pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. A escala de figuras de silhuetas foi especialmente construída, assim como a escala tipo Likert. Os métodos psicométricos de aplicação foram criteriosamente selecionados, como validadas as escalas de comportamento alimentar e percepção da imagem corporal. A análise dos resultados sobre a percepção da imagem corporal demonstrou que homens tendem a subestimam seu tamanho corporal independentemente da classe de IMC a que pertençam, enquanto mulheres de IMC normal, ou portadoras de sobrepeso, tendem a superestimar seu tamanho corporal. As mulheres obesas tendem a subestimá-lo, como os homens. Os resultados obtidos sugerem relativa insatisfação tanto de homens como mulheres com o tamanho corporal. / With the nutritional transition from malnutrition to obesity, which is a feature of countries like Brazil, that are still going through a growth process, the focus of researches on the nutritional status are now turning to obesity. Studies on the nutritional area that relate the nutritional status with the human behavior are rare, especially when it comes to the subjective perception of one?s own body. The body image perception has been systematically associated with eating behavior distortions, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and obesity. One of the questions that are raised is what would be the relation between one?s body image perception and this person?s attitudes and eating behavior, in subjects without a specific diagnosis for eating disorders. Would it be related to the nutritional status or to any specific characteristic of the nutritional behavior? The objective of this work is to answer these questions. To evaluate the nutritional status, the BMI (body mass index) was considered on the basis of the World Health Organization classification. The Contour Drawing Rating Scale and Likert-type Scale were especially made for the present study. The psychometric methods of application, the eating behavior scales and the body image perception scales have been validated. Results showed that men tend to underestimate their body size, independently from the BMI class to which they belong, while women with regular BMI or with overweight tend to overestimate their body size. Obese women tend to underestimate it, just like men. The results also suggest an apparent dissatisfaction of both men and women with their body sizes.

The health status of African American and Hispanic communities is in need of intervention. These minority groups have a health disparity gap from other races. The incidences of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are greater in the African American and Hispanic communities. There is a need to continue addressing the specific health issues, along with ideas of body perception, plaguing the African American and Hispanic populations in the United States. Such disparities typically include those who follow “western” diets, have a lack of exercise, are predisposed to chronic illness, as well as have a need for continuous education of the subject matter. This research project is addressing the need for nutrition interventions in the Johnson City, Tennessee minority community, specifically the African American and Hispanic populations. Prevention can be a useful tool in the reduction of health disparities. Freshman, minority students represent a suitable population to implement prevention strategies. East Tennessee State University’s Quest Program is designed specifically for freshman, minority students. The focus group of this research project includes the participants of the Quest program at East Tennessee State University (ETSU). The purpose of this research is to determine the degree of nutrition knowledge and to assess perceptions of body image of minority freshman at ETSU.

Com a transição nutricional, da desnutrição para a obesidade, característica dos países em desenvolvimento, como é o caso do Brasil, o enfoque das pesquisas sobre o estado nutricional vem se voltando para a questão da obesidade. São escassos, particularmente no Brasil, estudos consistentes na área da nutrição voltados à relação do estado nutricional com o comportamento humano, especificamente no que concerne à percepção subjetiva das pessoas em relação ao seu próprio corpo. A percepção da imagem corporal tem sido sistematicamente associada a transtornos do comportamento alimentar, como a anorexia nervosa, a bulimia e a obesidade. Uma das questões seria qual a relação da percepção da imagem corporal nas atitudes e comportamentos alimentares das pessoas, na comunidade em geral, sem diagnóstico específico de transtornos alimentares. Haveria alguma relação com o estado nutricional, ou com alguma característica específica do comportamento alimentar? Este trabalho tem por objetivo responder estas questões. Para avaliação do estado nutricional foi considerada a classificação do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) proposta pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. A escala de figuras de silhuetas foi especialmente construída, assim como a escala tipo Likert. Os métodos psicométricos de aplicação foram criteriosamente selecionados, como validadas as escalas de comportamento alimentar e percepção da imagem corporal. A análise dos resultados sobre a percepção da imagem corporal demonstrou que homens tendem a subestimam seu tamanho corporal independentemente da classe de IMC a que pertençam, enquanto mulheres de IMC normal, ou portadoras de sobrepeso, tendem a superestimar seu tamanho corporal. As mulheres obesas tendem a subestimá-lo, como os homens. Os resultados obtidos sugerem relativa insatisfação tanto de homens como mulheres com o tamanho corporal. / With the nutritional transition from malnutrition to obesity, which is a feature of countries like Brazil, that are still going through a growth process, the focus of researches on the nutritional status are now turning to obesity. Studies on the nutritional area that relate the nutritional status with the human behavior are rare, especially when it comes to the subjective perception of one?s own body. The body image perception has been systematically associated with eating behavior distortions, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and obesity. One of the questions that are raised is what would be the relation between one?s body image perception and this person?s attitudes and eating behavior, in subjects without a specific diagnosis for eating disorders. Would it be related to the nutritional status or to any specific characteristic of the nutritional behavior? The objective of this work is to answer these questions. To evaluate the nutritional status, the BMI (body mass index) was considered on the basis of the World Health Organization classification. The Contour Drawing Rating Scale and Likert-type Scale were especially made for the present study. The psychometric methods of application, the eating behavior scales and the body image perception scales have been validated. Results showed that men tend to underestimate their body size, independently from the BMI class to which they belong, while women with regular BMI or with overweight tend to overestimate their body size. Obese women tend to underestimate it, just like men. The results also suggest an apparent dissatisfaction of both men and women with their body sizes.

Denna studies inledning ger en övergripande bild av att svenska ungdomar generellt skattar sin hälsa som hög, däremot skattas den psykosociala hälsan lägre vilken innefattas av att vara nöjd med sig själv. Att vara nöjd med sig själv och sin kropp omfattas av kroppsbildsuppfattningen. Sociala medier tar allt mer tid i anspråk och används i större utsträckning som ett kommunikationsmedel. Levnadsvanor, miljö och det tidiga livets villkor har en betydelse för individens hälsa. Denna studies syfte var att undersöka ungdomars kroppsbildsuppfattning och användande av sociala medier samt undersöka relationen mellan dem. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie utfördes. Enkäter användes som datainsamlingsmetod bland skånska elever i åk 1-3 på gymnasiet, där 249 elever besvarade enkäten. Resultatet visade att 33 procent av flickor hade högre kroppsuppfattning än pojkar (14%) och att 38 procent av pojkarna hade lägre kroppsuppfattning än flickorna (18%) (p=0,001). Flickor använder sociala medier i större utsträckning än pojkar. Sättet flickor och pojkar använde sociala medier på skiljde sig åt. Flickor hade fler olika roller på sociala medier än pojkar, samt pojkar spelade mer onlinspel än flickor. Konklusion: Eftersom pojkarna i denna studie hade lägre kroppsbildsuppfattning och spelade mer onlinespel än flickorna är det utifrån ett genus och jämställdhetsperspektiv lämpligt att studera pojkars kroppsbildsuppfattning i relation till onlinespelande. Därför bör ytterligare forskning med inriktning på pojkars kroppsbildsuppfattning bedrivas utifrån både en kvalitativ och kvantitativ metodaspekt, med ändamål att försöka förstå vilka faktorer som ligger till grund för deras kroppsbildsuppfattning. / The study's introduction is given as an overall picture of the fact that Swedish youth generally estimate their health as high but the psychosocial health is estimated to be lower, which includes being satisfied with themselves. Being content with yourself and your body is covered by the body image perception. Social media takes more time and it's used to a greater extent as a communication medium. Living habits, the environment and the conditions of early life have a bearing on the individual's health.The aim of this study was to investigate the body image of young people and the use of social media and to investigate the relationship between them. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was performed. The survey was used as a data collection method among Scanian students in grades 1-3 in high school, where 249 students answered questionnaires. The result showed that 33 percent of girls had a higher body image than boys (14 percent) and that 38 percent of boys had a lower body image than girls (18 percent) (p = 0.001). The way girls and boys used social media differs. Girls use social media to a greater extent than boys. The way girls and boys used social media differed. Girls had more different roles on social media than boys, and boys played more online games than girls. Conclusion: Since the boys in this study had lower body image perception and played more online games than girls, it is appropriate from a gender and gender perspective to study boys' body image perception in relation to online gaming. Therefore, further research with a focus on boys' body image should be conducted on the basis of both a qualitative and quantitative method aspect, with the aim of trying to understand which factors underlie their body image perception.

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