This is a bachelor thesis in information design with a focus on informative illustration at Mälardalen University. The thesis was carried out in collaboration with Klättercentret Västerås and investigates how to visualize human movements in static media to facilitate the understanding of bouldering techniques for beginners. By applying various visualization techniques, the thesis aims to develop effective instructional materials that enable users to understand and perform complex movements without seeing any actual movement. The methods included the use of think-aloud protocol and semi-structured interviews to collect data from test subjects. Two main visualization techniques were tested: multiple static-simultaneous pictures and overlapping multiples. In addition to these, movement indicating arrows and movement lines were also used as clarifying additions. The test subjects studied the instructions and then performed the movements on a climbing wall. Their performance and feedback were documented and analyzed to assess the comprehensibility and usability of the material. The instructional material was developed in an iterative process, in which the feedback and performance from each user test was used to develop and refine the material. The results show that multiple static-simultaneous pictures were most effective in conveying complex movements. Users found these visualizations easier to understand and follow compared to overlapping multiples. The results also indicate that visualizations with clear visual cues, such as arrows and color markings, reduced cognitive load and facilitated comprehension. / Detta är ett examensarbete i informationsdesign med inriktningen informativ illustration vid Mälardalens universitet. Examensarbetet genomfördes i samarbete med Klättercentret Västerås och undersöker hur man kan visualisera mänskliga rörelser i statiska medier för att underlätta förståelsen av boulderingstekniker för nybörjare. Genom att tillämpa olika visualiseringstekniker syftar arbetet till att utveckla effektiva instruktionsmaterial som gör det möjligt för användare att förstå och utföra komplexa rörelser utan att se några faktiska rörelser. Metoderna inkluderade användningen av think-aloud protokoll och semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in data från testpersoner. Två huvudsakliga visualiseringstekniker testades: flera seriellt bildberättande och överlappande multiplar (overlapping multiples). Utöver dessa användes även rörelseindikerande pilar och rörelselinjer som förtydligande tillägg. Testpersonerna studerade instruktionerna och utförde sedan rörelserna på en klättervägg. Deras prestationer och feedback dokumenterades och analyserades för att bedöma materialets begriplighet och användbarhet. Instruktionsmaterialet utvecklades i en iterativ process, där feedback och prestanda från varje användartest användes för att utveckla och förfina materialet. Resultaten visar att seriellt bildberättande var mest effektivt för att förmedla komplexa rörelser. Testpersonerna ansåg att dessa visualiseringar var lättare att förstå och följa jämfört med överlappande multiplar. Resultaten tyder också på att visualiseringar med tydliga visuella signaler, såsom pilar och färgmarkeringar, minskade kognitiv belastning och underlättade förståelsen.

Title: Validity assessment of the grading scale evaluation in a new bouldering area. Objectives: The aim of this work is to assess the grading scale validity of bouldering routes in a new area. Methods: Routes grading was verified by a group of six men and four women. The evaluation took place during one continuous visit in the rocks with an individual rest period between problems. The classification of each of the 10 ascents was conducted immediately after finishing the specific problem. It was done individually, without the possibility to consult their guesses and ideas. The proposed difficulties of the classified routes ranged from 12 to 17 IRCRA. Results: The average rating of the route difficulty classification was 0.89 IRCRA points higher than the initial suggestion, with minor differences between men and women. The influence of climbers' performance on their ability to assess routes' difficulty was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The first climbers of boulders in the area of Goethe rock underestimate the climbing grades, which proves that the determination of difficulty in local climbing centers can be significantly skewed compared to established standards. Keywords: bouldering, grading scales, IRCRA, validity

Title: Marketing research and service quality comparison of Boulder Bar and LokalBlok bouldering walls according to their customers Objectives: The goal of my thesis is to state the level of customers' satisfaction with services at climbing walls Boulder Bar and LokalBlok through marketing research. The results will be compared afterwards. Methods: In this work, a quantitative method was used, particularly written questionnaires. The research was executed during ten weeks among customers of both climbing walls. Results: The conclusion is that customers of both climbing walls are mostly satisfied with offered services. Therefore the offered services can be considered of a good quality. Some imperfections do exist in both of the researched sport institutions and those should be eliminated. Acquired information will be given to the managers of the climbing walls and will be used to improve provided services. Key words: marketing, marketing research, services, customer satisfaction, bouldering

The task of this graduation thesis is a composition and verification of the climbing methodology for pupils of 6th {--} 9th classes of an elementary school. The theoretical part is concerned with the illustration of individual knowledge, skills and technics unnecessary for bouldering. Secondly, the question of safety and suitability of this sport for children of the older school age including frequent mistakes in the teaching methodology as well as climbing itself is dealt. The content of the practical part submits especially fourteen teaching units elaborated in the methodological range and analysis of six chosen verification units realized at two groups of probands including their reflection and expert evaluation of the observer. The main part of verification lessons is documented on a video record, which is instrumental to the retrospective appreciation of the verification lesson process.

Background. Climbing is growing as a recreational sport worldwide. Climbing is a physically demanding sport requiring well developed strength and endurance. Plenty of studies have been made in the area of climbing in order to understand how the body adapts, which muscles are being used and how to prevent injury. A lot of these studies uses electromyography (EMG), a tool that measures electrical currents in muscles to detect muscle activity, as measurement method in order to do findings within the area. Aim. The aim was to study differences in muscle activation in arm and leg muscles in climbers before and after 40 repeated attempts over two weeks on a boulder problem. Furthermore, correlation between climbing level and change in total measured muscle activation after repeated attempts was assessed. Methods. 15 participants (five women and ten men) participated in this study. Standardized electrode placements and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) were made for muscles; Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR), Bicep Brachii (BB), Rectus Femoris (RF) and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) before each measurement in order to maintain good reliability. Participants repeated a specific climbing route, adapted to the participants climbing ability, 40 times, divided into four sessions over two weeks. Before the first measured attempt the participant got to practice the route twice to get familiar with the moves. Average muscle activation was calculated by dividing the total muscle activation from each muscle with the time it took to complete the climbing route. Peak muscle values were calculated by dividing the highest muscle activation value with the MVIC values to get a %MVIC value. Results. A decrease in average muscle activation for FCR and BB were found (p=0.038, 0.023) whereas an increase in average activation for GL was found (p=0.027). Peak muscle activation showed significant decreases regarding upper extremities FCR and BB (p=0.008, p=0.011) but no significant changes to lower extremities RF and GL. Total average muscular activation regarding all muscles combined showed a general decreased activation (p=0.001). Moderate correlation was found between red-point level and decrease in total average muscle activation (r=0.53). Conclusion. When repeating a climbing route, the climbers muscle activation differs in upper and lower extremities, with a decrease in upper extremities peak and average muscle values, and an increase in GL average muscle values. Repetitions improves technique and muscle memory which could be the reason for the overall decrease in total muscle activation. Hopefully, this study could enrich the climbing world with further knowledge in how to train for climbing.

This study is a proposal of a business plan to floatation the centre of bouldering in Hradec Králové. The objektive of this study is creating a business plan, describing a theory necessary for this work and analyzing surrouding, markets, estimated costs and incomes. The thesis prepares for a succesfull business career.

The project design processes multifunctional building - a sports center for sports. Multifunctional building is situated in Česká Skalice and its capacity is about 140 people. In building are these spaces: 2 squash courts, massage room, snacks, fitness rooms, boulder wall, sporting goods store. In the area of property are also situated tennis courts. From an architectural point of view the building acts as a breaking right angle. Documentation is processed at the level of documentation for building permit.

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The rise of rock climbing is a global phenomenon. Seven out of ten bouldering gyms opened during this decade in Stockholm. With the increasing sports climbing population, the lighting condition of sports facilities should be a concern, especially since electricity demand growth in buildings has been remarkably rapid. However, not much research has been conducted regarding investigating the effect of artificial lighting on indoor bouldering users' experiences. This thesis investigates a balance between addressing sustainable development goals number 7.3 and maintaining users' experiences while exercising, taking Klätterverket Gasverket as a case study. Different research methods have been used to provide a pilot study to be explored by others, including literature review, semi-structured interviews, and empirical study.  This research has shown that it is hard to draw conclusions regarding the perceived qualities of light. The qualitative and quantitative results conclude that we can decrease electrical consumption in a situation that has sufficient daylight without sacrificing climbers’ experience.  Adjusting the distance between the luminaire and climbing wall can slightly improve the average illuminance level and user experience.

Monitoring exhaustion using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) wearable biosensors seems promising in sports climbing. However, there is a lack of research regarding climbing specific muscular exhaustion and muscle oxidative metabolism. The current study analyses how exhaustion affects muscle oxidative metabolism and deduces to what extent measurements using NIRS are suitable for an objective monitoring as well as feedback of exhaustion. / Die Überwachung der Erschöpfung mit Hilfe von Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (NIRS) und tragbaren Biosensoren scheint beim Sportklettern vielversprechend. Allerdings fehlt es an Untersuchungen zur kletterspezifischen muskulären Erschöpfung und zum oxidativen Muskelstoffwechsel. Die vorliegende Studie analysiert, wie sich die Erschöpfung auf den oxidativen Stoffwechsel der Muskeln auswirkt, und leitet ab, inwieweit Messungen mit NIRS für eine objektive Überwachung sowie für ein Feedback der Erschöpfung geeignet sind.