Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-08T15:55:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanda Lucia da Cunha Monteiro.pdf: 2562841 bytes, checksum: a00a188e7c5dc2c8b041adfbeca80f48 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T15:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanda Lucia da Cunha Monteiro.pdf: 2562841 bytes, checksum: a00a188e7c5dc2c8b041adfbeca80f48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-08 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The bovine viral papillomatosis is an infect-contagious disease with high prevalence in dairy bovines, causing considerable economical losses in this sector. Aiming to contribute with therapeutic research for this pathology, this work had as objective evaluating the efficacy of Thuya occidentalis in the treatment of cutaneous papillomatosis in dairy bovines by the clinical, histopathological and molecular aspects. This research was divided in 4 experiments. Were used in the experiments females of Holstein Friesian crossbred, nuliparous, primiparous and multiparous, exhibiting different types of cutaneous papilloma (typical, atypical, engastated atypical, filamentous and mixing) and of degrees defined for this study: light (25% of the body affected), moderate (with 50% of the body affected) and intensive (with more than 50% of affected body). The animals were kept in a semi intensive system of raising and were randomly distributed in groups with tem animals each. In the experiments I and II the animals were divided into 4 groups, were the groups 1 and 2 received solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% and cereal alcohol, respectively, being these considered controls, and the groups 3 and 4 received the phytotherapic medicines Thuya occidentalis (Simões®) mothre tincture (T.M.) at 30% and Thuya occidentalis mother tincture at 30% with propolis, respectively. The animals received, daily by oral via, 10mL of the products during 63 days. For histopathological evaluation, 50% of the animals were submitted to cutaneous biopsy of the lesions on the zero moment (M0) and the final moment (FM). In the present experiments, the partial and total regression were not observed in any group, once during the clinical and histopathological evaluations, in all moments and groups, the papillomas did not presented macroscopic alterations of remission, color and consistence. In the histopathological analysis it was observed epithelial and conjunctive hyperplasic alterations, with extensive vegetative growth of the epithelium with wide and deep epidermal crest, results that characterize development phase with viral replication and synthesis, being a characteristic finding of papillomatosis. It may be concluded that cutaneous papillomatosis in dairy bovines shows predilection for specific areas. The papillomas were most present on lateral abdomen, dewlap and snout, showing mixing lesions followed by basal and that the use of tinctures at 30% of Thuya occidentalis (Simões®) and Thuya occidentalis with propolis, on the experimental conditions used in this studies, do not cause remission of papillomas in dairy bovines. In experiment III there was used the homeopathic medicine Thuya occidentallis CH6. The animals were distributed at random in 3 groups. The groups 1 and 2 received NaCl 0.9% solution and alcohol cereal, respectively, being these considered controls, and the 3rd group received Thuya occidentalis CH6 in the treatment formula. For the three groups the administration was daily, being 10mL by oral via during 63 days. For histopathologycal evaluation, the animals were submitted to cutaneous biopsy of the papilloma lesions in the zero moment (0M) and final moment (FM). According to the achieved data, the partial or total remission occurred only in group 3 (Thuya occidentalis CH6), where were observed warts fall in 20% of the animals of this group, besides partial regression of the remaining animals, with macroscopic alterations of color and size, findings confirmed by the histopathological exam. In the histopathological analysis there was observed reduction of the thorny layer in all animals of the treated group (G3), showing reduction of epithelial layers with conjunctive tissue of dermal papilla showing active fibroblast and capillaries and rare lymphocytic inflammatory cells. Concluding that Thuya occidentallis CH6 contributes to the treatment of pedunculated papiloma in bovine, being indicated in the presence of this infection. Studies with Thuya occidentalis CH6 must have continuity with bovine carrying basal papillomas in a period of treatment superior to 63 days. The experiment IV had as objective to identify the Bthe Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Using the general (FAP59/64 e MY 11/09) and the specific primers for BPV-2 there was obtained an assertiveness of 33 (82.5%) of the 40 analyzed samples. According to the obtained results it is concluded that the presence of BPV in Pernambuco State-Brazil is in agreement with the world findings, enhancing the importance of the diagnose and control of the infection and, consequently, adoption of an specific therapy. These results emphasize the therapeutic properties of the homeopathic medicine Thuya occidentallis CH6, concluding that its use contributes to the treatment of cutaneous papillomatosis in bovine, emphasizing the necessity of studies for period superior to 63 days with the phytotherapic Thuya occidentalis in bovine carrying cutaneous papilllomatosis, and the serum dosage of AST, GGT, urea and creatinine showed that the plant used in this study, during 63 days, was not able to cause hepatic and renal alterations in bovine with cutaneous papillomatosis. / A papilomatose viral bovina é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa que apresenta alta prevalência em bovinos leiteiros, causando consideráveis perdas econômicas para este setor. Com o objetivo de contribuir com a pesquisa terapêutica para esta virose, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de Thuya occidentalis, no tratamento da papilomatose cutânea em bovinos leiteiros, por meio dos aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e moleculares. Esta pesquisa foi dividida em 4 experimentos. Foram incluídas nos experimentos fêmeas mestiças de holandês nulíparas, primíparas e multíparas, apresentando diferentes tipos de papilomas cutâneos (típicos, atípicos, atípicos engastados, filamentosos e mistos) e de graus assim definidos para este estudo: leve (25% do corpo acometido), moderado (50% do corpo acometido) e intenso (mais de 50% do corpo acometido). Os animais mantiveram-se em sistema semi-intensivo de criação e foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos, com dez animais cada. Nos experimentos I e II, os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos, onde os grupos 1 e 2 receberam solução de cloreto de sódio a 0.9% e álcool de cereal, respectivamente, sendo estes considerados controles, e os grupos 3 e 4 receberam os medicamentos fitoterápicos Thuya occidentalis (Simões®) tintura mãe (T.M.) a 30% e Thuya occidentalis tintura mãe a 30% com própolis, respectivamente. Os animais receberam, diariamente por via oral, 10mL dos produtos durante 63 dias. Para avaliação histopatológica, 50% dos animais foram submetidos à biópsia cutânea das lesões no momento zero (M0) e no momento final (MF). Nos presentes experimentos, as regressões parcial e total não foram observadas em nenhum grupo, uma vez que durante as avaliações clínicas e histopatológicas, em todos os momentos e grupos, os papilomas não apresentaram alterações macroscópicas de remissão, coloração e consistência. Nas análises histopatológicas verificaram-se alterações hiperplásicas epiteliais e conjuntivas, com extenso crescimento vegetativo do epitélio com cristas epidérmicas extensas e profundas, estes resultados caracterizam fase de desenvolvimento com replicação e síntese viral, sendo um achado característico de papilomatose. Pode-se concluir que a papilomatose cutânea em bovinos leiteiros apresenta predileção por áreas específicas. Os papilomas estavam mais presentes no abdômen lateral, barbela e focinho,apresentando lesões mistas seguidas de basais e que o uso das tinturas a 30% de Thuya occidentalis (Simões®) e Thuya occidentalis com própolis, nas condições experimentais utilizadas nestes estudos, não provocam remissão de papilomas em bovinos leiteiros. No experimento III utilizou-se o medicamento homeopático Thuya occidentallis CH6. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos. Os grupos 1 e 2 receberam solução de NaCl 0.9% e álcool de cereal, respectivamente, sendo estes considerados controles, e o grupo 3 recebeu a Thuya occidentalis CH6 na forma de tratamento. Para os três grupos a administração foi diária, sendo 10 mL por via oral, durante 63 dias. Para avaliação histopatológica, os animais foram submetidos à biópsia cutânea dos papilomas, no momento zero (M0) e no momento final (MF). De acordo com os dados obtidos, as regressões parcial e total ocorreram apenas no grupo 3 (Thuya occidentalis CH6), observando-se queda das verrugas em 20% dos animais deste grupo, além de regressão parcial em 80% nos animais restantes, com alterações macroscópicas de coloração e tamanho, achado este confirmado pelo exame histopatológico. Na análise histológica observou-se redução da camada espinhosa em todos os animais do grupo tratado (G3), evidenciando-se redução nas camadas epiteliais, com tecido conjuntivo da papila dérmica apresentado fibroblastos ativos e capilares e raras células inflamatórias linfocitárias. Concluindo-se que a Thuya occidentalis CH6 contribuiu no tratamento de papilomas pedunculados em bovinos, podendo ser indicada na presença desta infecção. Estudos com a Thuya occidentalis CH6 devem ter continuidade com bovinos portadores de papilomas basais, com período de tratamento superior a 63 dias. O experimento IV teve como objetivo identificar o BPV-2 em amostras de verrugas cutâneas de bovinos, utilizando a Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). Utilizando-se os primers gerais (FAP59/64 e MY 11/09) e específico para BPV-2 obteve-se uma positividade de 33 (82,5%) das 40 amostras analisadas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a presença da BPV no Estado de Pernambuco está em concordância com os achados mundiais, destacando-se a importância do diagnóstico no controle da infecção e, conseqüentemente, adoção de uma terapia específica. Estes resultados enfatizam as propriedades terapêuticas do medicamento homeopático Thuya occidentallis CH6, concluindo-se que o seu uso contribuiu no tratamento da papilomatose cutânea em bovinos, ressaltando a necessidade de estudos por períodos superiores a 63 dias com a Thuya occidentalis fitoterápica em bovinos portadores de papilomatose cutânea, e as dosagens séricas de AST, GGT, uréia e creatinina revelaram que a planta utilizada neste estudo, durante 63 dias, não foi capaz de causar alterações hepáticas e renais em bovinos com papilomatose cutânea.

Orientadores: Denis Miguel Roston, Ana Cristina Ferreira Moreira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_TacianoBenedito_M.pdf: 4695596 bytes, checksum: 3ef176861aba0c0ca8ac4e7eb7819047 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os resíduos líquidos gerados em bovinoculturas de leite são considerados altamente poluentes se lançados em corpos d¿água sem os devidos tratamentos. Apesar de se usar sistemas dife-renciados para o tratamento destes resíduos, muitas vezes a qualidade do resíduo final não é satisfatória, mesmo quando estes sistemas apresentam grande eficiência. Desta maneira, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo propor um sistema de pós-tratamento de resíduos líqui-dos de um Sistema de Tratamento de Águas Residuárias de Bovinocultura de Leite composto por tanques de separação de sólidos e líquidos, caixas de retenção de sólidos, reator anaeróbio compartimentado e leito cultivado para que se adeque os resíduos deste aos padrões nacionais e internacionais de lançamento em corpos d¿água Classe II. O sistema de pós-tratamento é composto por um pré-filtro de areia e dois filtros de areia seguidos de leitos cultivados com Cyperus papyrus var. Nanus. Utilizaram-se duas taxas de aplicações de, aproximadamente, 200 L.m2.dia-1 no Filtro 1 e 400 L.m2.dia-1 no Filtro 2, a cada 3 e 6 horas, respectivamente. Foi avaliada a eficiência de remoção de DQO, nitrogênio amoniacal, sólidos suspensos, fósforo total, turbidez e a variação do pH. Os sistemas de pós-tratamento foram eficientes na ade-quação dos resíduos líquidos provenientes do Leito Cultivado do Sistema de Tratamento de Águas Residuárias de Bovinocultura de Leite, com exceção do parâmetro fósforo total por apresentarem-se insatisfatórios, acima do limite máximo estabelecido pela legislação de Minas Gerais, apesar de o mesmo ter apresentado tendência à redução no período final de coletas amostrais e dentro dos padrões internacionais. Os valores do pH mantiveram-se dentro da faixa 6 a 9 compreendido pela legislação mineira e internacional, nas duas taxas de aplicações e em todas as etapas dos sistemas de pós-tratamento. O resíduo líquido do Leito Cultivado do Sistema de Tratamento de Águas Residuárias de Bovinocultura de Leite, após pós-tratamento nos sistemas propostos apresentou a maioria dos parâmetros dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Deliberação Normativa Conjunta COPAM/CERH de 01 de maio de 2008 Normativa Conjunta COPAM/CERH-MG n° 01, de 05 de maio de 2008 e legislações internacionais para lançamento em rio de Classe II, constituindo-se como alternativa no pós-tratamento de resí-duos líquidos de Leitos Cultivados / Abstract: Liquid residues generated by milk cattle culture are considered highly polluting if launched into waterbeds without proper treatment. The use of different treatment approaches does not often fare satisfactory results, even if such approaches are highly efficient. Thus, this work aimed at putting forward a post treatment system for liquid residues of a Treatment of Bovine-culture Residuary Waters System comprising liquids and solids separation tanks, solids retention box, compartmented anaerobic reactor and cultivated bed, so as to adequate its residues to national and international patterns of launching into water beds, Class II. The post treatment system features a sand pre-filter and two sand filters followed by cultivated beds of Cyperus papyrus var. Nanus. Two application rates of approximately 200 L.m2.day-1 into Filter 1 and 400 L.m2.day-1 into Filter 2, every 3 and 6 hours, respectively, were used. The efficiency at removing DQO, ammoniac nitrogen, suspended solids total phosphorus, turbidity, and pH variation were assessed. The post treatment systems proved to be efficient concerning the adequation of the liquid residues from the Cultivated Bed of the Milk Cattle Culture Residuary Waters Treatment System, except for the total phosphorus parameter, which fared unsatisfactory, exceeding the limits established by Minas Gerais state law, despite having shown a tendency to reduce and lie within international patterns, at the final sample collection periods. PH values kept within the 6 to 9 rates, thus complying with Minas Gerais and international laws in two application rates and in all post-treatment systems phases. After the post treatment under the systems proposed, the liquid residues of the Cultivated Bed of the Milk Cattle Culture Residuary Waters Treatment System resulted in most parameters being within the limits established by the Normative Conjoint Deliberation COPAM/CERH of May 1, 2008, Joint Normative COPAM/CERH-MG no.01, of May 5, 2008 and international laws for river bed launchings Class II, thus presenting itself as an alternative for post treatment of liquid residues from Cultivates Beds / Mestrado / Agua e Solo / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

Picobirnavirus (PBV) pertencem à família Picobirnaviridae, divididos em duas espécies Human Picobirnavirus e Rabbit Picobirnavirus. São pequenos vírus constituídos de genoma bissegmentado de cadeia dupla de RNA (dsRNA), não envelopados, com capsídeo de simetria icosaédrica, sendo divididos em dois genogrupos, GI e GII. Já foram detectados em fezes humanas e de uma ampla gama de espécies animais, com ou sem sinais diarreicos, sendo considerados agentes emergentes e oportunistas, e seu potencial zoonótico foi sugerido. Entretanto, os estudos epidemiológicos e moleculares de PBV em bovinos são raros na literatura nacional e internacional. Devido à carência de dados a respeito de PBV em bovinos, o presente estudo foi realizado objetivando-se a detecção e caracterização moleculares de cepas de PVB bovinos dos genogrupos GI e GII em amostras fecais de bovinos com ou sem sintomatologia diarreica de diferentes idades e regiões do Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido a partir de 77 animais, obtendo-se 18 (23,3%) amostras positivas para GI, compreendendo animais provenientes dos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Goiás. Não foram detectadas amostras positivas para GII. A identidade nucleotídica das amostras obtidas apresentou média de 67,4% quando comparadas uma com as outras e de até 83,77% quando comparadas com amostras de PBV de referência. Na reconstrução filogenética, três amostras agruparam-se em clado de PVB humano e somente uma agrupou-se em clado de PVB bovino. Em síntese, os resultados obtidos indicam, de maneira inédita, a circulação de PVB bovino pertencente ao genogrupo GI em diferentes estados brasileiros, com perfis filogenéticos heterogêneos. / Picobirnavirus (PBV) belong to the Picobirnaviridae family, divides into two species Human Picobirnavirus and Rabbit Picobirnavirus. They are small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus with an icosahedral capsid, being divided into two genogroups, GI and GII. They have been detected in feces of humans and many animal species, with or without diarrheal signs and are considered emerging and opportunistic agents, and its zoonotic potential has been suggested. However, epidemiological and molecular studies of bovine PBV are rare in the national and international literature. Due to lack of data on PBV in cattle, this study was conducted aiming to detect and molecularly characterize bovine PBV strains of GI and GII genogroups in feces from animals with or without diarrheal signs of different ages and regions of Brazil. Seventy-seven animals were sampled, resulting in 18 (23.3%) positive samples for GI, including animals from the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Goiás. There were no positive samples for GII. The nucleotide identity of the samples obtained showed a mean of 67.4% compared to each other and up to 83.77% compared to PBV reference samples. In phylogenetic reconstruction, three samples were grouped in the human PBV clade and only one sample was clustered in the bovine PVB clade. In summary, the results indicate in an unprecedented way the circulation of the bovine PBV belong to GI genogroup in different Brazilian states, with heterogeneous phylogenetic profiles.

Bovine mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, has substantial economic and animal welfare implications. A genetic basis for mastitis resistance traits is recognized and can be used to guide selective breeding programs. The discovery of regions of the genome associated with mastitis resistance, and knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible, can facilitate development of efficient mastitis control and therapeutic strategies. The objectives of this dissertation research were to identify sites of genetic variation associated with mastitis resistance, and to define the contributions of the milk-secreting epithelial cells to mammary gland immune responses and mastitis resistance. Twenty seven regions of the bovine genome potentially involved in mastitis resistance were identified in Holstein dairy cattle. Additionally, this research demonstrates a role of bovine mammary epithelial cells in mastitis resistance, and provides guidance for the use of an in vitro model for mastitis studies. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells from mastitis-resistant cows have differential expression of 42 inflammatory genes compared with cells from mastitis-susceptible cows, highlighting the importance of epithelial cells in mastitis resistance. Bovine mammary epithelial cells display both similarities and differences in pro-inflammatory gene expression compared to fibroblasts, and their expression of inflammatory genes is influenced by administration of the enzyme phospholipase A2. The growth potential of milk-derived bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro can be extended, facilitating their use in mastitis studies, by transfection with a viral protein. Collectively, this research contributes to current knowledge on bovine mastitis resistance and in vitro models.

Beef and milk production industries represent the largest agricultural industries in the United States with a retail equivalent value of approximately $112 billion (USDA, 2008). Infertility is the major problem for mammalian reproduction. In the United States approximately 66% of cows are bred by Artificial Insemination (AI), but only ~50% of these inseminations result in successful pregnancies. Infertility can occur either from male factor (spermatozoon) or female factor (oocyte) and male contributes approximately 40% of cases. Infertility costs the producer approximately $5 per exposed cow for every 1% reduction in pregnancy rate. In spite of its millions of dollars in economic impact, the precise molecular events/mechanisms that determine the fertilizing potential of an oocyte and spermatozoon are not well defined. The thesis of my doctoral dissertation is that proteomics-based “systems biology” modeling of bovine oocyte and spermatozoon can facilitate rapid understanding of fertility. To test this thesis, I needed to first identify the proteins associated with bovine oocyte and its associated cumulus cells, and spermatozoon. The next step was functional annotation of the experimentally confirmed proteins to identify the major functions associated with the oocyte, cumulus cells and spermatozoon, and finally, generate a proteomics based systems biology model of bovine oocyte and cumulus cell communication and male fertility. The results of my dissertation established the methods that provide afoundation for high-throughput proteomics approaches of bovine oocyte and cumuluscell biology and allowed me to model the intricate cross communication between oocyte and cumulus cells using systems biology approaches. Proteomics based systems biology modeling of oocytes and cumulus cells identified the signaling pathways and proteins associated with this communication that may have implications in oocyte maturation. In addition, systems biology modeling of differential spermatozoa proteomes from bulls of varying fertility rates enabled the identification of putative molecular markers and key pathways associated with male fertility. The ultimate positive impact of these results is to facilitate the field of biomedical research with useful information for comparative biology, better understanding of bovine oocyte and spermatozoon development, infertility, biomarker discovery, and eventually development of therapies to treat infertility in bovine as well as humans.

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex is a multifactorial disease affecting cattle worldwide resulting in high mortality and morbidity rates in the cattle farming industry. This complex is caused by multiple viral and bacterial pathogens such as Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida; two of the main contributors to the initiation of this disease are Bovine Herpesvirus-1 and the bacteria, Mannheimia haemolytica. Together, these microbes co-infect immunocompromised cattle during times of increased stress and induce a severe pneumonic response along with other health complications. Research has been primarily focused on these microorganisms individually or their effect on the host, however there is a need to study them together due to the increased mortality rate associated with co-infections. In this study, we used Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus to co-infect bovine tissue cultures to determine how they affect each other.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrino_b_me_jabo.pdf: 222632 bytes, checksum: 48c6532830e7cdbb18fc1060e2cf6feb (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a variação da ocorrência da Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) pela associação com duas doenças virais imunossupressoras: a Diarréia Viral Bovina (BVD) e a Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB), em seis propriedades onde não se adota esquema de vacinação contra essas enfermidades. Amostras de soro sangüíneo foram analisadas no teste de virusneutralização (VN), para constatação de IBR e BVD, e Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA), para a LEB. Foram selecionados cinco rebanhos bovinos, em propriedades localizadas em municípios dos Estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, sendo três de exploração leiteira, um de gado de corte e um misto, com animais soropositivos ao BoHV-1, além de um rebanho controle, sem anticorpos contra essa enfermidade. Das 278 amostras analisadas, 54,68% (152/278) foram positivas ao BoHV-1, 69,70% (194/278) ao BVDV-1 e 34,33% (96/278) ao VLEB. Na análise estatística, ao relacionar cada enfermidade com o tipo de exploração do rebanho e a idade dos animais, houve diferença significativa, indicando que estas variáveis são fatores de risco para as enfermidades estudadas. Em relação ao tipo de exploração, os rebanhos leiteiros foram mais suscetíveis ao BoHV-1 e a LEB (81,31% e 49,53% respectivamente, (α = 1 ) enquanto no rebanho de gado de corte o BVDV-1 teve maior ocorrência (94,74%, α = 1). A idade foi fator de risco apenas para o BoHV-1 e a LEB, sendo os animais mais velhos os mais suscetíveis (α = 1). As associações entre o BoHV-1 e o BVDV-1, e o BoHV-1 e a LEB também foram significativas (α = 5 e α = 1 respectivamente), indicando que em rebanhos infectados por BVDV-1 e/ou LEB, a probabilidade de se encontrar o BoHV-1 é maior do que naqueles onde não ocorre essas duas enfermidades. / The present research had as objective to verify the variation of the occurrence of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) by association with two viral infections that affect the immune system, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) and enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), in six farms where vaccination against these diseases was not adopted. Serum samples had been analyzed by the virus neutralization (VN) test for IBR and BVD diagnosis, and agar gel immunodiffusion (IDGA) test for EBL diagnosis. Five cattle herds with BoHV-1 seropositive animals had been selected in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, three of them exploiting dairy cattle, one exploiting beef cattle and one exploiting mixed cattle, in addition to a control herd without seropositive animals. From 278 analyzed samples, 54.68% (152/278) reacted to the BoHV-1, 69.70% (194/278) to the BVDV-1, and 34.33% (97/278) to the EBLV. The statistic analysis showed a significant difference (α = 1) in infection occurrence according to the kind of exploitation and the age of the animals. Dairy cattle were more sensitive to the BoHV-1 (81.31%) and to the EBLV (49.53%) and less to BVDV-1 infection (45.79%). Among the beef herds, the major occurrence was BVDV-1 infection (94.74%), followed by BoHV-1(34.19%) and EBLV (3.95%). The age was a risk factor (α = 1) only for BoHV-1 and EBLV. The associations between BoHV-1 and BVDV-1 infections (α = 5) and between BoHV-1 and EBLV infections (α = 1) also indicated that among BVDV-1 and/or EBLV infected herds the probability of finding BoHV-1 is higher than among herds where these two infections does not occur.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 L443 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 G57 / Master of Science

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that suppresses the innate and adaptive host immune responses. Each of the two classified genotypes (BVDV1 and BVDV2) has two distinct biotypes – cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp) – and evidence has suggested that cytopathic strains may disrupt host interferon (IFN) synthesis and IFN-mediated responses. However, inconsistent results examining ncpBVDV strains have generated controversy regarding whether they also exhibit this capability. The purpose for this study was to determine the occurrence and functionality of IFN-induced responses within the serum cattle infected with ncpBVDV2-1373. Specifically, this involved analysing the changes in both the serum levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ and the expression of genes that are classically regulated by these cytokines. Serum analysis showed that the infected cattle induced both serum IFN-α and IFN-γ during BVDV infection while PBMC analysis showed increased expression of genes that classically respond to IFN-α – Mx-1, OAS-1, and STAT-1 – and IFN-γ – SOCS-1 and SOCS-3. These findings are supported by temporal kinome analysis, which verified activation of the JAK-STAT signalling network within the PBMCs of the virus-infected animals. In addition to establishing evidence for its synthesis, results from this challenge identified IFN-γ as a possible indicator of animal mortality as analysis of its change within the non-surviving, infected animals was statistically greater than the levels of the surviving, infected animals. Collectively, these results demonstrate 1373-mediated induction of, and host cell response to, both IFN-α and IFN–γ, and the potential for IFN-γ to be a predictive marker for mortality during BVDV infection.