Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arduino_ggc_dr_jabo.pdf: 1086799 bytes, checksum: 087abbf6d5907c0059a4db75a0b3028d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / No presente estudo, 100 fêmeas bovinas foram divididas em cinco tratamentos de 20 animais cada. Os grupos experimentais receberam quatro diferentes vacinas comerciais (B, C, D e E), e um grupo permaneceu como controle. Amostras foram colhidas no dia da aplicação da primeira dose e nos dias 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 120, 150 e 180 pós-vacinação (pv). A triagem dos animais foi feita pela análise sorológica com 24 antígenos de leptospiras, escolhendo-se os animais não reagentes. Os títulos de anticorpos foram monitorados pela soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) com os sorovares Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona e Wolffi. Todas as vacinas induziram, aos 3 dias pv, títulos de anticorpos aglutinantes para os sorovares Hardjo e Wolffi, que persistiram até o 150o dia pv. Os sorovares Hardjo e Wolffi induziram os maiores títulos de anticorpos aglutinantes. A vacina D, apesar de não possuir o sorovar Wolffi em sua composição, foi capaz de induzir anticorpos aglutinantes contra este sorovar. Somente foram detectados anticorpos contra o sorovar Canicola nos animais vacinados com a bacterina D. A vacina que induziu os maiores títulos médios de anticorpos, considerando todos os sorovares testados, foi a D. Há a necessidade de melhoria no poder imunogênico e na concentração dos sorovares utilizados como antígenos nas vacinas comerciais. / In this research 100 heifers were used, divided in 5 groups of 20 animals each. The four experimental groups were vaccinated using distinct commercial polyvalent bacterines: A, B, C and D, and a group was the control. Samples were collected at the days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 42, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 120, 150 and 180 from the first injection of the vaccine. The selection of the animals for the experimental groups was done based on a serological screening with 24 antigens of Leptospira sp., constituted by non-reagent animals. The vaccine titres were monitored using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Wolffi serovars. All vaccines used were capable to product agglutinins for the Hardjo and Wolffi serovars observed at 3 days after vaccination, remaining until the 150th day; these serovars induced the highest titres of agglutinins. The vaccine D, in spite of not containing the Wolffi serovar, was able to induce the production of agglutinins to this serovar. Agglutinins to the Canicola serovar were only observed in the animals vaccinated with the D bacterine. The vaccine D induced the highest average titres of antibodies to all serovars tested. The improvement of the immunogenic power and serovars concentration utilized as antigens of the commercial vaccines are necessary.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the most complex, persistent and controversial problems facing the British cattle industry. It is also potentially zoonotic and so has public health implications. The incidence of the disease has been increasing in Great Britain for more than 20 years and is now endemic in southwest regions of the country and occurs sporadically elsewhere. Scotland records very few incidences of bTB and was declared as an Officially bTB free (OTF) region in 2009 for the purposes of cattle trading. However, in order to retain its OTF status Scotland must continue to demonstrate the ability to report low level of disease prevalence whilst maintaining its vigilance to potential new outbreaks. This thesis uses a variety of epidemiological and statistical models to evaluate the ongoing control strategies for bTB in Scottish cattle herds and highlight potential limitations to the current surveillance programmes. In the absence of an established wildlife reservoir, livestock movements are considered the primary mechanism for introduction of bTB into cattle herds. I use movement and bTB data to estimate the within-herd incidence rate for each infected farm in Scotland. The results suggest that this rate varies across farms, and is dependent on the herd size and length of disease exposure. These incidence rates are then used to parameterise a multi-herd dynamic model using stochastic simulations that incorporate multiple disease transmission pathways. With this approach I evaluate the impact of different routine test protocols on the overall simulated epidemics. Based on the model outcome, abattoir surveillance alone is not sufficient to maintain infection at a low constant level. Whilst adapting to more frequent routine testing regime can reduce disease incidence, the sensitivity of the surveillance methods can also have a big impact on the long term stability of the disease prevalence and can act as the main barrier to eradicating the disease from low incidence regions. The single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test used in the current routine herd surveillance relies on stimulating an immune response and observing delayed hypersensitivity reactions in infected animals. The test suffers highly variable, and often poor, sensitivity with current estimates ranging from 50% to 80%. The lower sensitivities may be associated with early stages of infection, concurrent illness, and farm management conditions as well as the presence of sub-clinically infected carriers that can potentially escape detection. In addition, there was evidence that physiological stress can have a marked effect on the immune responses in animals affected with bTB. I conducted two different types of case-control analyses to investigate the potential effect of stress related events on the outcome of the SICCT test. In the first analysis, a matched design is implemented to examine the effect of recent calving on reactivity to the SICCT. SICCT test positive cattle (cases) were matched with test negative (control) animals within the same farm. By selecting herd-mates (i.e. animals within the same herd at the same time), the study aims to control for space and time. Furthermore, animal age and breed were used as additional selection criteria to control for previous exposure period and potential genetic variation to the reaction of SICCT test outcome. Results from a conditional logistic regression model indicated that animals calved within 60 days prior to test were less likely to respond to the SICCT test in comparison to non-recently calved animals, and that this effect was strongest in the first 2 weeks of the post-partum period. In the second analysis, animals identified with gross pathology at post-mortem (TB-like lesion and/or bacteria culture) and that were SICCT test negative within 60 days prior to slaughter (representing false negative) were compared with confirmed test positives (true positives). Results from multivariable logistic regression model suggested that the probability of missed infection by SICCT test increases with age and male cattle have higher odds of being a false negative compared to females. Repeated skin tests within 60 and 120 days, as well as recent movement and parturition, were all statistically associated with false negative test outcome. Under future surveillance systems, these results could be used to adjust the timings of testing relative to calving, movements and previous test occasions in order to minimise the risks of false negative test results. Alternatively, increasing the threshold for reactor definition in animals under these categories could be considered to complement the poor test sensitivity.

Orientador: Roberto Sartori Filho / Banca: Ciro Moraes Barros / Banca: Maurício Macham Franco / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da alta ou baixa ingestão alimentar na produção in vitro de embriões e na função ovariana em bovinos. Vinte vacas aneloradas não lactantes com ECC de 2,9 (1 a 5) e pesando 410,5 kg ficaram 14 dias em adaptação à dieta de manutenção. Em seguida, foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais recebendo dietas de 170% (alta ingestão) ou 66% (baixa ingestão) em relação à manutenção durante 56 dias. Com 21 dias nas dietas experimentais, as vacas tiveram o estro sincronizado para posterior avaliação dos ovários e coleta de sangue diariamente até seis dias após a ovulação. Dosagens de progesterona foram realizadas no Dia 7 do ciclo estral, de estradiol, IGF-I, FSH e insulina no período peri-ovulatório, além de avaliação de FSH e insulina no início das aspirações. Entre 7 e 10 dias após o estro, todos os folículos com diâmetro acima de 5 mm foram aspirados através de ultra-sonografia transvaginal e as vacas receberam aplicação de cloprostenol, além da colocação de um implante auricular de norgestomet. Quatro dias após, as vacas foram submetidas à aspiração folicular seriada (intervalo de 3 e 4 dias). Os ovócitos coletados foram classificados, maturados, fecundados in vitro e incubados por 7 dias. Os embriões de qualidade I foram submetidos a avaliação de expressão gênica para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of high or low feed intake on in vitro embryo production and on ovarian function in zebu cows. Twenty nonlactating zebu cows with body condition 2.9 (1 a 5) and weighing 410.5 kg received maintenance diet during 14 days. After this, they were randomly divided into two groups that received 170% (high feed intake) or 66% (low feed intake) of the maintenance diet during 56 days. Within 21 days on the experimental diets, the cows had estrus synchronized to posterior evaluation of the ovaries and daily blood samples collection until six days after ovulation. Evaluation of serum progesterone was realized on Day 7 of the estrus cycle, of estradiol, IGF-I, FSH and insulin was determined at the periovulatory period, and the evaluation of FSH and insulin at the beginning of aspiration. Between 7 and 10 days after estrus, all follicles with diameter above 5mm were aspirated by transvaginal ultrasound and the cows received... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Descrevem-se os achados clínicos e patológicos da paratuberculose em uma criação intensiva de bovinos de leite no municí pio de Capela de Santana, RS. Os sinais clínicos foram observados em oito de um total de 345 bovinos, consistindo em diarréia crônica refratária aos tratamentos, emagrecimento progressivo e queda na produção de leite. As principais lesões macroscópicas, observadas nos oito animais necropsiados, incluíam intestino delgado com acentuado espessamento da parede e superfície mucosa de aspecto reticulado, semelhante às circunvoluções cerebrais, lesão essa perceptível, através da serosa. A luz intestinal estava preenchida com conteúdo fluido e de aspecto leitoso. Os vasos linfáticos do mesentério mostravam-se mais evidentes sendo que alguns tinham aspecto varicoso. Os linfonodos mesentéricos estavam aumentados de volume e, ao corte, fluía grande quantidade de líquido leitoso. Focos de mineralização foram observados na íntima das artérias, nas válvulas cardíacas e na serosa do rúmen. As principais lesões macroscópicas incluíam enterite, linfadenite e linfangite granulomatosa caracterizada por infiltrado inflamatório com macrófagos, células gigantes de Langhans que continham grande quantidade de bacilos álcool-ácido-resistentes. As lesões vasculares consistiam em degeneração e mineralização das túnicas í ntimas e média das artérias de grande calibre associada a proliferação de colágeno. Havia calcificação da serosa do rúmen atrofia hepatocelular difusa e hepatite granulomatosa multifocal. O M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) foi isolado em amostras de intestino e linfonodos de 8 vacas Holandesas (3,5%) com doença de Johne, dentre 229 amostras cultivadas provenientes de um rebanho leiteiro. Amostras inoculadas em HEYM com micobactina produziram colônias identificadas como Map, segundo as caracterí sticas fenotí picas próprias como: crescimento lento, coloração álcool-ácido-resistente (A.A.R.) e dependência a micobactina. O laboratório de Referência da OIE confirmou a amostra isolada. O M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) foi isolado em amostras de intestino e linfonodos de 8 vacas Holandesas (3,5%) com doença de Johne, dentre 229 amostras cultivadas provenientes de um rebanho leiteiro Amostras inoculadas em HEYM com micobactina produziram colônias identificadas como Map, segundo as caracterí sticas fenotí picas próprias como: crescimento lento, coloração álcool-ácido-resistente (A.A.R.) e dependência a micobactina. O laboratório de Referência da OIE confirmou a amostra isolada. Não houve isolamento do agente em 221 amostras intestinais quando processadas, após 2 anos de sua colheita. O teste de IDGA aplicado como “screening”, detectou 26 vacas (11,4%) positivas, dentre 228 animais testados e sacrificados em matadouro. O teste de ELISA adsorvido, utilizando o antí geno PPA-3 detectou 125 (39,8%) amostras positivas. O ELISA não adsorvido detectou mais 32 (10,1%) reagentes positivos, dentre os 314 bovinos testados. A prevalência da infecção causada pelo Map em 36 rebanhos leiteiros procedentes de 25 municí pios do Rio Grande do Sul foi estimada em 44,6% das 1316 amostras testadas. A infecção foi identificada em 35 (97,2%) dos 36 rebanhos testados e presentes em todos os municí pios incluí dos. A ocorrência da doença de Johne foi enfatizada, tanto a forma clí nica quanto a infecção subclí nica no Rio Grande do Sul, sugerindo a adoção de medidas de controle sejam aplicadas na proteção dos rebanhos leiteiros nacionais. / The clinical and pathological aspects of bovine paratuberculosis in a dairy herd in the county of Capela de Santana, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil are described. Clinical signs in eight cows out 345 cattle included chronic diarrhea refractory to treatment, progressive emaciation and decreased milk production. Necropsy findings included severe and diffuse thickening of the mucosa of the small intestine with exaggerated reticular pattern, reflected in the serosal surface, similar to cerebral gyri. Intestinal loops were filled with whitish watery contents. The lymphatic vessels of the intestinal serosa and of the mesentery were thickened and tortuous. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and, on cut surface, there were oozing of milky fluid. Plaques of mineralization were evident in the intima of larger arteries, in the endocardium of the heart valves and in the ruminal serosa. There was also edema of abomasal folds and atrophy of caudate lobe of the liver. The main histopathological findings were granulomatous enteritis, lymphadenitis and lymphangitis. The inflammatory infiltrate was composed of macrophages, epithelioid cells and Langhan`s giant cells containing large numbers of acid-fast bacilli. Vascular lesions included degeneration, calcification and collagen proliferation of the intima and media of larger arteries. Other microscopic lesions included calcification of the ruminal serosa, diffuse hepatocellular atrophy and multifocal granulomatous hepatitis. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from intestines and lymph nodes samples obtained from 8 Holstein cows (3.5%) with Johne’s Disease among 229 inoculated samples from a unique dairy herd in Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil. Cultures on HEYM supplemented with mycobactin yielded colonies identified like Map by phenotypic properties: Slow growth, acid-fast stain and mycobactin dependency. OIE Reference Laboratory in Argentine confirmed the strain like Map. The attempts to isolate the agent from 221 intestinal samples processed after 2 years were unsuccessful. The AGIDT applied as a screening test detected 26 positive cows (11.4%) among 228 tested animals at slaughterhouse. The absorbed ELISA test using PPA-3 antigen detected 125 positive animals (39.8%) and 47 (14.9%) suspect samples among 314 animals tested. Nonabsorbed ELISA test detected more 32 (10.1%) positive animals and 18 (5.7%) suspect samples than absorbed ELISA test. The prevalence of infection caused by Map was estimated in 35 bovine dairy herds in Rio Grande do Sul State by absorbed ELISA using PPA-3 commercial antigen. The ELISA test identified 558 positive (44.6%) animals among 1316 samples tested. The infection was detected in 35 dairy herds (97.2%) among 36 tested and was present in all 25 countries performed. The infection by Map was disseminated in dairy herds in Rio Grande do Sul State. It’ s emphasized the occurrence of clinical and subclinical forms of Johne’ s disease in Rio Grande do Sul and should be necessity the adoption of control measures in the protection of National dairy herds.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 70% (DM) inclusion of dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS) on performance and meat quality. Ninety-six Angus steers (276 kg ± 7.5 kg initial BW) were used in an completely randomized design with incomplete replication. Steers were stratified by BW to pens and pens were randomly assigned to one of 6 treatments: 1) 80% corn; 5% soybean meal; 15% corn silage, fed as a negative control (CON); 2) 40% DDGS: 45% corn: 15% corn silage, fed as a positive control (PCON); 3) steers received PCON (0-84d) then switched to a diet of 70% DDGS: 15% corn: 15% corn silage until finished (40/70); 4) steers started on 70% DDGS: 15% corn: 15% corn silage (0-84d) then switched to PCON until finished (70/40); 5) CON + soybean meal, isonitrogenous to PCON (N40); 6) CON + corn oil, isocaloric to PCON (E40). Steers were fed respective treatments until 80% of them reached low choice or higher by visual appraisal, providing their genetics allowed (168 and 213 days). Dry matter intake, DMI, (P &ge 0.82) was not affected by treatment, isocaloric, or isonitrogenous diets. End weight was greater (P = 0.04) for PCON steers compared to N40 steers. However, no treatment effect (P &ge 0.15) on G:F. Dietary treatment did not affect HCW, quality grade, %KPH, or liver score (P &ge 0.12). Yield grade was not affected (P = 0.12) by treatment but tended to be lower (P = 0.06) for N40 steers compared to PCON steers. However, N40 steers had a larger (P = 0.04) ribeye area and greater rib fat (P = 0.05) when compared to PCON and ribeye tended (P = 0.06) to be smaller in 70/40 and E40 steers compared to all other treatments. Minotola color, % cook loss, shear force, total SFA, total PUFA, total MUFA or lipogenic activity were not affected (P &ge 0.08) by treatment. The data of this study suggests that it is possible to feed 70% DDGS in feedlot rations with little to no adverse effects on growth performance or meat quality.

Bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is increasing in incidence in the United Kingdom and detailed knowledge of host-pathogen interactions in the natural host is essential to facilitate disease control. Vaccination of neonatal calves with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) induces a significant level of protection from infection with M. bovis. Since neonatal vaccination of humans with BCG induces activation of natural killer (NK) cells, and neonatal calves have high circulating numbers of these cells, it is proposed that NK cells are important in the response to BCG. Furthermore, NK cells play an important role in shaping adaptive immune responses through interactions with dendritic cells (DCs). The overall hypothesis of this project was that the enhanced efficacy of BCG in neonates is due to the increased number of NK cells, which through interactions with DCs can polarise Th1-type CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, both of which are involved in protection against M. bovis infection. Initially, the frequency and phenotype of NK cells across the blood, afferent lymph and the lymph nodes in steady-state conditions were compared. CD2- NK cells were the principal subset of NK cells migrating from the skin to the draining lymph node and were highly activated in afferent lymph and lymph nodes, compared with peripheral blood. It was also demonstrated that CD2- NK cells were the main subset of NK cells egressing from the lymph node via the efferent lymphatic vessel to return to circulation. Since many vaccines including BCG are delivered subcutaneously, NK cell responses in the blood and the skin draining afferent lymphatic vessel, lymph nodes and efferent lymphatic vessel were determined after BCG vaccination. Alterations in the frequency and receptor repertoire were evident following vaccination, supporting a role for NK cells during BCG vaccination of neonatal calves. To investigate the interactions of NK cells and BCG-infected DCs, in vitro co-cultures were established. CD2- NK cells were preferentially activated following culture with BCG-infected DCs and secreted high levels of IFN-γ. Overall, this thesis provides novel evidence that NK cells may re-circulate in steady-state conditions, play a role in BCG vaccination of neonatal calves, and that through interactions with BCG-infected DCs, may be involved in driving protective Th1-type adaptive immune responses.

Submitted by Tássia de Paula Giroto (tassiagiroto13@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-21T14:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Pronta Tássia.pdf: 1266459 bytes, checksum: 865343b89e94980c883c0603fb556588 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2015-12-21T15:30:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Pronta Tássia.pdf: 1266459 bytes, checksum: 865343b89e94980c883c0603fb556588 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-21T15:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Pronta Tássia.pdf: 1266459 bytes, checksum: 865343b89e94980c883c0603fb556588 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / A meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino 5 (BHV5) foi descrita em várias regiões do mundo. A doença ocorre na forma de surtos ou de casos isolados. No Brasil, encefalites causadas pelo BHV5 têm sido confirmadas de forma crescente nos rebanhos, sendo considerada a segunda maior causa de encefalite com etiologia determinada em bovinos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou caracterizar as regiões do sistema nervoso central (SNC) com maior freqüência do BHV5, o envolvimento de diferentes populações de lincócitos e a expressão de citocinas relacionadas ao processo inflamatório. As amostras (n=8) foram submetidas às análises histopatológica, imuno-histoquímica e molecular. A principal lesão observada foi caracterizada como infiltrado perivascular, classificado em leve, moderado e severo. Em todos os casos o infiltrado perivascular foi notado de forma severa no bulbo olfatório, lobos frontal, temporal e parietal. A expressão de citocinas foi principalmente detectada nas regiões do bulbo olfatório e lobo piriforme. Este estudo abordou que a incidência do BHV5 ocorreu principalmente na região frontal, visto que a contaminação pelo vírus ocorre de forma nasal, tendo como primeiro contato a região frontal do cérebro com o BHV5. / Meningoencephalitis caused by bovine Herpesvirus 5 (BHV5) has been described worldwide. The disease occurred as outbreaks of isolates clinical cases. In Brazil, encephalitis caused by BHV5 has been confirmed by the increase of positive animals, being the second major cause of bovine viral encephalitis. Likewise, the aim of this study was to characterize brain regions from central nervous system (CNS) presenting high frequency of BHV5 antigen and genome, phenotype lymphocytes subpopulations among perivascular cuffs and compare these results with cytokines transcription. The samples (n=8) were submitted to histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry and molecular evaluation. The main histopathological lesions were characterized as perivascular cuffs, classified as severe, and sometimes moderate. All cases, perivascular infiltrates were severe in olfactory bulb, and frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. The cytokines expression was considered up regulated in olfactory bulb and piriform lobe. This study addressed the BHV5 distribution mainly observed in frontal regions from CNS, what confirmed the respiratory route as important for virus infection.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinheiro_vg_me_botib.pdf: 219390 bytes, checksum: a4a81d46d63eddc4df849062b1b592d7 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Existem relatos na literatura que tanto a remoção temporária de bezerro (RTB) como a administração de eCG podem aumentar a eficiência (taxa e prenhez) de tratamentos hormonais com progesterona/progestágenos, em vacas em anestro pós-parto. No presente trabalho a associação de RTB e/ou a aplicação de eCG foram testadas simultaneamente em protocolos hormonais com progesterona, comumente utilizado para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) de vacas no período pós-parto. Os protocolos hormonais foram testados em 3 propriedades, em vacas Nelore lactantes (40 a 80d pós-parto, n = 443), com escore de condição corporal de 2,5 a 3,0 (escala de 1 a 5). Em estágio aleatório do ciclo estral (D0), os animais do grupo PEPE (Progesterona-Estrógeno- Prostaglandina-Estrógeno) receberam dispositivo intravaginal contendo progesterona (1,0 g, DIB®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) e 2,5 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE, via IM, Estrogin®, Farmavet, São Paulo, Brazil). Oito dias mais tarde (D8) administrou-se PGF2 (150 μg de d-cloprostenol, via IM, Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), e o DIB foi removido. Vinte e quatro horas após a remoção do DIB, as vacas foram tratadas com BE (1,0 mg, IM) e 30 a 36 h mais tarde todos os animais receberam IATF, sem observação do cio. As vacas foram divididas ao acaso em 4 Grupos: PEPE, PEPE/RTB, PEPE/eCG e PEPE/RTB/eCG. No grupo PEPE/RTB, além do tratamento descrito acima (PEPE) os bezerros foram retirados das vacas por 54 – 60 h consecutivas (a partir da retirada do DIB até a IATF). No Grupo PEPE/eCG, os animais receberam o mesmo tratamento do grupo PEPE associado a uma aplicação de eCG (300 UI, via IM, Novormon®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) no momento da administração da PGF2 (D8). No Grupo PEPE/RTB/eCG, os animais foram tratados de acordo com o protocolo PEPE/RTB associado a aplicação de eCG (300 UI) no D8... / Reports indicate that either TCR or eCG administration can increase the efficiency (pregnancy rate) of hormonal treatments with progestins during postpartum anestrus. This experiment evaluated effects of TCR and/or eCG administration in a protocol with progesterone that is frequently used for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in cows during postpartum anestrus. The protocols were tested at three farms in lactating Nelore cows (40 to 80 d postpartum, n = 443) with body condition scores from 2.5 to 3.0 (0- to 5- point scale). At random stage of the estrous cycle (D0), animals received a basic PEPE (Progesterone-Estrogen-Prostaglandin-Estrogen) protocol with insertion of an intravaginal device with progesterone (1.0 g, DIB®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and injection of 2.5 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB, i.m., Estrogin®, Farmavet, São Paulo, Brazil). Eight days later (D8) cows were treated with PGF2; (150 μg d-cloprostenol, i.m., Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), and DIB was removed. Twenty four hours after DIB removal, cows received EB (1.0 mg, i.m), and 30 to 36 h later all animals received FTAI, without estrus detection. Cows were allocated randomly to 4 Groups: PEPE, PEPE/TCR, PEPE/eCG and PEPE/TCR/eCG. In Group PEPE/TCR, calves were removed temporarily for 54 – 60 h (from DIB removal until FTAI). In Group PEPE/eCG, animals received PEPE treatment plus one dose of eCG (300 IU, i.m., Novormon®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) following PGF2 administration (D8). In Group PEPE/TCR/eCG, animals were treated as in protocol PEPE/TCR plus eCG on D8. All animals were examined by ultrasonography (Aloka SSD 500, 7.5 MHZ probe) 10 days before and at the beginning... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_ro_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1007324 bytes, checksum: 536ddb6ef3848f47cd6253ed5d8bd393 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de verificar possíveis alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas que ocorrem no sangue bovino obtido de animal hígido e parasitado com Babesia bigemina, quando conservado em bolsas plásticas contendo Citrato-fostato-dextrose-adenina (CPDA-1) e os efeitos da Riboflavina e radiação ultravioleta na inativação de Babesia bigemina. Na primeira etapa o grupo I foi formado por bolsas plásticas contendo sangue proveniente de bovinos saudáveis e o grupo II foi formado por bolsas plásticas contendo sangue de bovinos parasitados com Babesia bigemina. Foi determinado Contagem total de hemácias e leucócitos, Concentração da Hemoglobina, Volume Globular, Proteína Plasmática Total, Fibrinogênio, Sódio, Potássio e Lactato a cada três dias durante 21 dias. Na segunda etapa foi realizado Esfregaço Sanguíneo Corado, Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase quantitativa antes e após aplicação da Riboflavina e radiação ultravioleta, em seguida, o sangue foi inoculado em bezerros esplenectomizados. Esses exames foram repetidos nos dias sete, 14 e 21 pós-inoculação. O sangue conservado apresentou redução da contagem de hemácias e leucócitos, da Concentração da Hemoglobina, Volume Globular, Proteína Plasmática Total, Fibrinogênio e Sódio e ocorreu um aumento na concentração de Potássio e Lactato no decorrer de 21 dias. Observou-se que o sangue armazenado em bolsas plásticas sofre alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas após 21 dias de conservação. A Babesia bigemina não foi eliminada pela adição da Riboflavina e exposição à luz ultravioleta. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para verificar a eficácia desta técnica na inativação de patógenos que podem ser transmitidos por meio da transfusão sanguínea / The aim of this study was to verify the possible hematological and biochemical alterations that occur in bovine blood obtained from healthy animals and from the ones infected with Babesia bigemina when kept in plastic bags with CPDA-1, and to verify the effectiveness of the treatment with Riboflavin in the inactivation of the Babesia sp. In the first part of the experiment, group I was formed by plastic bags with blood obtained from healthy bovines and group II by plastic bags with blood obtained from bovines infected with Babesia bigemina. In both groups the Red Blood Cells Count, Hemoglobin Concentration, Packed Cell Volume, Total Plasma Protein, Fibrinogen, White Blood Cells, Sodium, Potassium and Lactate was determined every three days, during 21 days. In a second phase the stained blood smear, indirect immunofluorescence reaction and quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction to diagnose before and after the treatment with Riboflavin and ultraviolet radiation. The blood was inoculated in esplenectomized bovine. These exams were repeated on the days 7, 14 and 21 after the inoculation. In both groups the preserved blood presented reduction in the number of Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Hemoglobin Concentration, Packed Cell Volume, Total Plasma Protein, Fibrinogen and Sodium and an increase of the Potassium and Lactate concentration occurred in the period of 21 days. The results were considered statistically significant (p<0,01). This way it was observed that the blood preserved in plastic bags suffers hematological and biochemical alterations after 21 days of conservation. Babesia bigemina was not eliminated by the treatment with Riboflavin and ultraviolet radiation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_lsls_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 599507 bytes, checksum: 541c3a6e57d70659067ede4e99d0ee93 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes suplementações com selênio (Se) sobre a resposta imune humoral anti-rábica, na concentração sérica de selênio e cortisol em bovinos. Utilizou-se sessenta bovinos machos não castrados da raça Nelore, com 10 a 12 meses de idade, alimentados com pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos (N=15) sendo que o primeiro deles não receberam suplementação (Gc) e os outros três suplementados diariamente e individualmente com concentrações de Se de 3,6 mg (G3,6), 5,4 mg (G5,4) ou 6,4 mg (G6,4). Os animais foram imunizados no dia zero com uma dose de vacina anti-rábica comercial, líquida e inativada. Nos dias zero, 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 durante os quais submetidos ao estresse de manejo no curral e colheita de sangue. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas depois da vacinação e depois de serem submetidos ao estresse para determinação da concentração sérica de selênio, títulos de anticorpos anti-rábicos e cortisol sérico. A concentração de selênio também foi determinada nas amostras das forrageiras colhidas dos piquetes utilizados pelos bovinos. A concentração de Se na B. decumbens foi de 0,04 mg de Se/Kg de matéria seca. A concentração sérica de Se obtida no dia zero no grupo Gc era mais elevada que nos grupos G5,4 e G6,4 (P= 0,005). A concentração sérica de Se diminuiu ao longo do experimento no Gc (P<0,004), aumentou no G3,6 (P<0,000) e no grupo G5,4 (P<0,000), entretanto, no grupo G6,4 aumentou no dia 60 (P<0,002). Os títulos de anticorpos anti-rábicos não diferiram entre os grupos tratados ou não com selênio. Entretanto, 120 dias após a vacinação os títulos de anticorpos no grupo G3,6 permaneceram acima do mínimo considerado protetor (=0,5 UI/mL) (P<0,000), enquanto que nos outros grupos permaneceram baixos (P<0,05). A concentração sérica de cortisol dos bovinos... / This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of selenium (Se) supplementation on cattle antirabies humoral immune response, serum Se concentrations and cortisol levels. Sixty uncastrated male Nelore calves from 10 to 12 months grazing on Brachiaria decumbens forage were studied. The animals were assigned to one of four groups (N=15 each), which received nonsupplemented diets (Gc) or supplemented with daily and individual Se concentrations of 3.6 mg (G3.6), 5.4 mg (G5.4) or 6.4 mg (G6.4). The animals were immunized on day 0 with one dose of commercial liquid inactivated rabies vaccination. On days 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120, the cattle underwent the same stressing procedures used for vaccination in the corral. Cattle blood samples were collected after vaccination and stressing procedures to determine serum Se levels, rabies antibody titers and serum cortisol. Se levels were also determined in forage samples collected from the paddocks in which the cattle were held. Se concentration in B. decumbens was 0.04 mg of Se/Kg dry matter. Baseline Se levels obtained on day 0 were higher in Gc than in G5.4 and G6.4 (P= 0.005). Serum Se levels decreased in Gc throughout the experiment (P<0.004), increased in G3.6 (P<0.000) and G5.4 (P<0.000) and were kept high from day 60 on in group G6.4 (P<0.002). Rabies antibody titers did not differ between control and supplemented groups. However, 120 post-vaccination rabies antibody titers were kept above the protecti ve levels (=0.5 UI/mL) only in group G3.6 (P<0.00002), whereas they dropped in the other groups (P<0.05). Serum cortisol levels did not differ among the experimental groups (P=0.79), reached peak levels on day 90 and returned close to baseline levels on day 120. Se and cortisol levels were not markedly correlated. Serum cortisol and rabies antibody titers were correlated only in group G6.4, on day 60 (R=0.513; P=0.05)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)