Esta pesquisa propõe uma investigação sobre as mudanças incorporadas, a partir da introdução do branding no escopo dos projetos de construção de identidade de marca, à metodologia dos projetos de construção de identidade visual corporativa dos principais escritórios de design brasileiros especializados neste segmento. O principal objetivo é compreender a contribuição e as mudanças causadas pelo branding - uma disciplina proveniente das escolas de administração e marketing - na metodologia de projetos de identidades visuais, uma vez que a maioria dos designers brasileiros teve sua formação pautada sob os princípios e conceitos da escola racionalista e funcionalista de design, em um pensamento muito mais voltado para o caráter visual e pragmático de uma marca do que para o estratégico e subjetivo. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram investigadas as trajetórias dos principais escritórios de design brasileiros especializados na criação de identidades visuais e a evolução da metodologia por eles empregada nos últimos 40 anos, em quatro estudos de caso, para observar se a inclusão do branding representou uma mudança de paradigma dos pontos de vista metodológico e mercadológico, para o campo do design em relação à prática anteriormente adotada nos projetos de identidade visual sem branding. A análise dos resultados dessa pesquisa pretende documentar um novo estado da arte no campo do design de identidades visuais e contribuir para ampliação do repertório conceitual do designer, disseminando novos conceitos e fundamentos teóricos sobre branding, que possam conduzir este profissional a uma atuação mais estratégica e especializada. Há, ainda, o intuito de enriquecer a bibliografia sobre as relações entre marca, identidade visual, identidade corporativa e branding na concepção, construção e gestão de marcas corporativas no campo do design gráfico. / This research proposes to investigate changes that were incorporated to the methodology of visual identity projects ever since branding was instituted as part of its scope in major Brazilian design studios specialized in this segment. The purpose is to understand how branding - a concept that originated from management and marketing - may have contributed and changed the methodology of projects of visual identity, considering that most Brazilian designers were taught according to principles and concepts of the rationalist and functionalist school of design, which was more committed to the visual and pragmatic features of the brand than to its strategic and subjective aspects. From a qualitative approach, this work examines the paths of major Brazilian design studios, specialized in visual identity projects, and presents four case studies about the evolution of their methods over the last 40 years. The intention is to understand if the incorporation of branding represented a paradigmatic shift to methodological and market perspectives in the field of design, compared to formely adopted practices in visual identity projects that did not include branding. The analysis of research results aims to document a new state of the art in the field of visual identity design, and to contribute to the expansion of the tþeoretical repertoire of the designer, disseminating new concepts and principles of branding that may lead such professional to a more strategic and specialized performance. Furthermore, this work intends add to the bibliography about relationships between brand, visual identity, corporate identity and branding under the conception, construction and management of corporate brands in the field of graphic design.

Cada vez mais tem sido evidenciado pela performance das empresas nos mercados financeiros que uma parcela significativa do seu valor não está vinculado aos ativos tangíveis que ela possui. Diversos estudos acadêmicos sugerem que outros ativos são responsáveis por esta geração de valor adicionado nas empresas: os ativos intangíveis. Dentre os vários ativos intangíveis que aportam valor a uma empresa, a marca tem sido destaque em diversos trabalhos. Existem evidências que marcas fortes geram valor adicionado às empresas, sendo a sua mensuração um grande desafio. Diante disso, neste estudo elaborou-se uma metodologia alternativa de mensuração do valor de marcas baseada no método do fluxo de caixa descontado. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta denominada Scorecard da Marca que identifica e quantifica a influência que a marca exerce na capacidade de geração de fluxos futuros de uma empresa. A metodologia alternativa foi aplicada a empresas de diferentes segmentos de mercado, a saber: Banco Itaú e Unibanco do setor de Serviços Financeiros e Perdigão e Sadia do setor Alimentício. Ficou demonstrado, pelos resultados obtidos, que a metodologia proposta captou as diferenças entre as empresas analisadas e possibilitou a mensuração do valor específico de cada uma das marcas. Assim, foi possível incorporar, de maneira mais abrangente, o impacto que as marcas agregaram aos resultados financeiros das empresas. / The performance of companies in the financial markets for the past few years has led to the conclusion that a very significant portion of their value can not be directly explained by the tangible assets they possess. Recent academic studies have suggested that the value creation in these companies are caused by the intangible assets. Amongst the various different intangible assets that help create value in companies, the brand has been focus of several studies. Empirical evidence have shown that strong brands help create added value for the companies that control them. Additionally, the identification and calculation of the value of brands has posed as a huge challenge. In this context, the main objective of this study was the development of an alternative methodology for brand valuation, based on the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. In order to accomplish this objective, an instrument called Brand Scorecard was developed in order to capture the brand’s influence in the companies’ excess cash flow creation. This alternative methodology was applied to four different companies, participating in two distinct market segments. They are: Banco Itaú and Unibanco of the Financial Services segment and Perdigão and Sadia from the Food segment. The results indicate that the proposed methodology was efficient in capturing the main differences among the companies and brands. The methodology was also capable of capturing the value of the brands by identifying and isolating their relationship with the companies’ excess cash generation capacity.

Nossa dissertação pretende discutir o surgimento de uma economia baseada em dados e uma sociedade fundamentada na visibilidade algorítmica e na análise quantificada da vida. Através de estudo de casos sob o paradigma da propagabilidade, buscamos compreender como as marcas se comportam no ambiente numérico das plataformas online, no caso, o Facebook, para a distribuição de conteuúdo. Pretendemos ainda encontrar evidências sobre o comportamento das corporações frente à uniformização algorítmica para publicizaçãoo de suas estratégias de relacionamento e construção de simbologias com seus públicos de interesse. / Our dissertation intends to discuss the emergence of a databased economy and a society based on algorithmic visibility and quantified life analysis. Through case studies under the propagation paradigm, we seek to understand how brands behave in the numerical environment of online platforms, in this case, Facebook, for the distribution of content. We also intend to find evidence on the behavior of corporations in relation to the algo-rithmic standardization to publicize their relationship strategies and build symbologies with their stakeholders.

Abstract In an increasingly digital world, organizations and individuals are turning to web-based applications as a source of information and method of inter-personal communication; this includes social media. This literature review analyzes the effects of social media marketing in luxury fashion brands. The research reveals luxury brands’ social media marketing positively affects purchase intention through user-to-user and brand-to-user communication, if the consumers trust the brand. On the other hand, disclosure language on Instagram and Facebook negatively affects consumer behavior, but the unique positioning of blogs allows them to positively influence their audience. In addition to this evidence, this paper also includes suggestions for future research. Keywords: social media, luxury brands, fashion, marketing, purchase intention, consumer behavior

No description available.

Private label brands have been examined in the literature for more than forty years (Narasimhan and Wilcox, 1998). Due to the rapid growth of private-label market share, researchers have looked into different influential factors in attempting to find out the reasons behind the success of these store products. As consumers reflect the demand side of fast-moving goods, their perceptions critically affect decisions on brand selection, and therefore the performance of the brands.Although the topic of private labels has long been studied, the volume of private-label research is less than that of national-brand studies. Findings from the extant studies of private labels have provided valuable consumer insights for marketing scholars and practitioners to better develop branding theory and strategies. However, issues still exist in the literature, in particular, concerning category-level influences of consumer factors such as perceived risk and attitude. Risk perception and attitude are important explanatory constructs for consumer proneness towards buying private labels. Moreover, category-level differences are stated as the most critical source that can explain the variations in the performance of private labels (Batra and Sinha, 2000; Dhar and Hoch, 1997).This research replicates Batra and Sinha's (2000) study which examined the categorylevel effects of different determinants of perceived risk on consumer preferences for buying private labels. The purpose of this research is to re-examine their hypotheses and to investigate other attitude determinants which Batra and Sinha did not study. In addition, this study also investigates the impact of demographics on the purchase of private labels.A mall-intercept survey was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that perceived risk and attitude determinants such as quality variability, price consciousness, price-quality association and brand loyalty influence significantly consumers' propensities to buy private labels. Furthermore, these private-label propensities vary across product categories due to category-level variations in perceptions and attitudes. Consumers are more likely to buy private labels in categories where they perceive lower quality variability across brands, where they have higher price consciousness, where they believe weaker price-quality association, and where they have less brand loyalty. Moreover, education and income are also identified as significant indicators of private label buyers.Findings from this study suggest that category-level analysis of consumer factors could more effectively answer the question why private label success varies across different categories. A better way for national-brand manufacturers and retailers to compete against each other is the product quality improvement. Manufacturers should try to keep the quality level of national brands as far above that of private labels as possible, whereas retailers should attempt to reduce the quality gap for their private label brands.

<p>The study empirically investigated the effects of consumer price perception dimension and reputation dimension on attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers. Consumer price perception dimension includes value consciousness, price consciousness, and price-quality association factors. Reputation dimension includes retailer’s reputation, existence of word-of-mouth (WOM), positive WOM, and negative WOM.</p><p>Previous studies have found that factors under the consumer price perception dimension have an impact on attitude toward private label brands. The current study argues, based on theoretical framework, reputation dimension could also be considered as having an impact on attitude toward private label brands but that this has not been investigated before.</p><p>Measurement scales for consumer price perception dimensions were taken from Baltas (1997) and Burton et al. (1998). New measurement scales were developed for factors under the reputation dimension. The reliability and validity of all the factors used in the study have been discussed.</p><p>A multiple regression analysis was conducted where the private label attitude was the dependent variable and all factors under the two dimensions investigated in the study were the independent variables. The results of the analysis showed that value consciousness and price consciousness factors under the consumer price perception dimension have significant relationships with attitude toward private label brands. Similarly, retailer’s reputation, positive WOM, and negative WOM under the reputation dimension have significant relationships with attitude toward private label brands. Specifically, these three reputation dimension factors were found to have more influence on attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers than the two factors found significant under the consumer price perception dimension.</p><p>The major implication for the Swedish retailers is that they should put more emphasis on their own reputation (retailer’s reputation factor) and on positive WOM to develop favorable attitude toward private label brands among young Swedish consumers. They should also fight any negative WOM about their private label brands. In addition, the Swedish retailers should try to promote the quality aspect of their private label brands to the young Swedish consumers as value consciousness was found to be a significant determinant across the most of the demographic variables studied here.</p>

<p>Background: In the XX Winter Olympics 2006 in Torino the Swedish Olympic Team succeeded by winning 14 medals. The best result that Sweden has ever made during a Winter Olympics. The happiness was shortly after mixed with disputes between the Swedish Olympic Committee and Swedish companies. There were companies who wrongly had used the trademark ‘OS’ in their marketing campaigns. The disputes happened because the use of the protected trademarks concerning the Olympic Games are reserved only to the Swedish Olympic Committee’s sponsors.</p><p>Title: Seeking Opinions Concerning… - the Swedish Olympic Committee and its Trademarks.</p><p>Problem: What attitudes do people hold towards the Swedish Olympic Committee after the XX Winter Olympics 2006?</p><p>Purpose: The study aims to get an understanding about if people’s attitudes towards the SOC and its trademarks have changed after what has been written and said in media after the XX Winter Games 2006. In order to reach this understanding I will look at people’s knowledge about the SOC’s trademark, their prior knowledge and thoughts and finally their prior knowledge about the ‘Olympic pizza’.</p><p>Theory: By going from an initial description of the factors that make up a good brand and the different meanings to the word ‘brand’, the reader is taken through different steps to finally in the end see how attitudes are created.</p><p>Method: The study was done with a quantitative method through questionnaires, looking at the problem from the perspective of the Committee who are the ones affected by the results of the study. The collection of data was done through a non-random convenience selection in the community of Storuman with a total number of 76 respondents. Further, the study has a positivistic view and a deductive approach.</p><p>Result: The results were that the respondents’ first thought about the Swedish Olympic Committee was mostly indifferent, it seems like they did not have an opinion. Digging deeper it seems like after what has happened in the media the respondents’ attitudes have changed. There was not a big difference however in the number of people who had had an attitude change after the ‘Olympic pizza’ story compared to those who had not. The ones who had experienced attitude changes had had them towards the negative side.</p>

<p>C-uppsats vars huvudsyfte var att undersöka hur stor igenkänning människor har av företagsmärken utan att logotypen finns med. Genom att arbeta med både en kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod har vi fått fram våra resultat, detta genom att våra respondenter besvarade en enkät. Våra teoretiska perspektiv kommer från en blandning av olika ämnesområden, så som psykologi och informationsdesign med fördjupningar i bland annat perception, objektsigenkänning, symbolik och färgers betydelse. Genom våra undersökningar kom vi fram till att det inte finns något enkelt svar på huruvida märken känns igen eller inte. Bland våra utvalda märken var könsbundenheten låg, och ålder har viss betydelse för igenkänningen. Detta genom att äldre respondenter hade en högre igenkänning än de yngre.</p> / <p>Bachelor theses with the main purpose to investigate how well people recognize corporate brands without the logotype being present. We have achieved our results by using a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methodology, and all of our collected data has been gathered through a survey. Our theoretical perspectives come from a variety of disciplines, such as psychology and information design, including perception, object recognition, symbolism and the importance of colours. After analysing our gathered data, we feel quite confident in claiming that there are no simple answers when it comes to our abilities to recognize corporate brands. We noticed that the gender of our respondents had none or very little impact when it comes to recognition, but age on the other hand was quite a large factor. We came to the conclusion that our older respondents recognized far more corporate brands than our younger respondents.</p>

<p><strong>Title:</strong> The Commercial Value of Domain Names – A case study of the Iraqi top-level domain .iq</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Course:</strong> EFO704: Master Thesis in Business Administration</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Authors:</strong> Mofid Al Jaafar (Västerås) and Magnus Hurtig (Västerås)</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Tutor:</strong> Peter Ekman</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Domain name, Iraq, Internet, Brands, Organization, Knowledge, Competence, Material.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the perceived commercial value of the Iraqi domain name and identify possible obstacles in commercializing the domain name. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for the Iraqi Communication and Media Commission on how to further enhance the use of the Iraqi (.iq) domain name.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong> Both qualitative and quantitative approach was used in gathering information for this thesis. For gathering empirical materials, we conducted interviews with government officials and companies. Furthermore, a survey of Iraqi individuals was also conducted. The survey has been presented with descriptive statistics and the interviews transcribed and presented.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Theoretical Framework:</strong> theories about branding are applicable to understand the commercial value of domain names and therefore the theoretical framework consists of branding theories and an organizational part with knowledge and competence. A conceptual framework has then been developed from the theoretical findings.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Secondary Information:</strong> There is also a part consisting of secondary information of other domain names and their administration. This contributes as a comparative part of the thesis.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Empirical Data:</strong> The qualitative empirical data has been collected through interviews with one of the four responsible officials for the Communication and Media Commission and companies active in the Iraqi market. The quantitative empirical data has been collected by a survey distributed to people at two different locations in Iraq.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>End Discussion:</strong> The conclusion shows that there is a commercial value for the Iraqi domain name which is also strengthened by the explicit interest from Iraqis showed by the survey. There are however some obstacles that has to be overcome if Iraq want to commercialize their domain name in the future. The authors point out some main obstacles that is important to improve in the future such as: Electricity and Material, Knowledge or Competence and Requirements.        </p>