Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Mendonca Torres.pdf: 1650894 bytes, checksum: 057d88f61d0eda43529562b477cdcea7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-06 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The research aimed to evaluate how much the religion (or no experience of it) may correlate to quality of life of healthy young adults of São Paulo through the application of a general questionnaire and instrument for assessing quality of life of the World Health in its short version - the WHOQOL-BREF in three comparison groups: one for protestants, one for atheists and one who call themselves non-religious. As a result, there was a connection between the behavior of believing and not believing, as no significant differences were found showing that the religious / non-religious position is correlated to the quality of life of young people. The group of protestants measured realize greater connection between body, mind and soul, and greater equilibrium and harmony in their lives when compared to other groups. The research shows trends and draws inferences about some issues which suggests that they be examined by future research using different methodologies and points of view. / A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o quanto a religiosidade (vivência ou não dela) pode estar correlacionada à qualidade de vida de jovens adultos saudáveis de São Paulo por meio da aplicação de um questionário geral e do instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde em sua versão breve - a WHOQOL- BREF, em três grupos comparativos: um de protestantes históricos, um de jovens ateus e outro de jovens que se denominam sem religião. Como resultados, verificou-se uma aproximação entre o comportamento do crer e do não crer, já que não foram encontradas diferenças significativas que comprovem que a religiosidade/posição não religiosa está correlacionada à qualidade de vida dos jovens. O grupo dos jovens evangélicos mensurou perceber maior conexão entre corpo, mente e alma, bem como maior equilíbrio e harmonia em suas vidas quando comparados aos outros grupos. A pesquisa aponta tendências e traça inferências sobre algumas questões as quais sugere-se que sejam examinadas através de futuras pesquisas com diferentes metodologias e pontos de vista.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de Síndrome Metabólica (SM), em uma amostra de 48 pacientes. Os pacientes apresentavam diagnóstico de Periodontite e SM e foram randomizados para dois grupos de tratamento: um grupo ao qual era oferecido tratamento periodontal imediato e outro grupo de tratamento tardio, que receberia o tratamento periodontal após seis meses da sua inclusão no estudo. Para aferir qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e qualidade de vida geral, foram usados os instrumentos OHIP-14 e WHOQoL-bref, respectivamente. Exames periodontais completos avaliaram Índice de placa visível, Índice de sangramento gengival, Fatores retentivos de placa, Profundidade de sondagem, Sangramento à sondagem e Nível de inserção clínica, em seis sítios por dente. Além disso, exames antropométricos, exames sorológicos e entrevistas com os questionários de qualidade de vida foram realizados no momento inicial e após seis meses do início do estudo. Os dois grupos se mostraram semelhantes no momento inicial. Após seis meses, foram observadas reduções significativas no grupo de tratamento imediato para todos os parâmetros periodontais clínicos. A análise do WHOQoL-bref por domínios mostrou pequenas alterações não significativas em ambos os grupos. Na avaliação dos escores totais de OHIP-14 foi observada, após 6 meses, uma redução de 18,6 para 15 (Δ=3,6) no grupo tardio e de 15 para 5,7 (Δ=9,3) no grupo imediato, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos (p=0,003). Essas diferenças resultaram em um tamanho de efeito de 0,27 (pequeno) para o grupo tardio e 0,78 (moderado) para o grupo imediato. Na análise por domínios, foram encontradas diferenças significativas para o grupo imediato nos domínios limitação funcional (p=0,006), desconforto psicológico (p=0,001), incapacidade física (p=0,009) e incapacidade psicológica (p=0,007), comparado ao grupo tardio. Em pacientes portadores da SM, as mudanças na percepção da qualidade de vida aferidas pelo OHIP-14 foram significativas para o grupo de pacientes que recebeu tratamento periodontal imediato, em comparação ao grupo que recebeu o tratamento tardio. / The aim of this study was to assess the effect of periodontal treatment in quality of life of patients with Metabolic Syndrome, in a sample of 48 patients. The patients showed diagnosis of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome and were randomized for two treatment groups: 1) immediate periodontal treatment 2) later treatment, six months after study inclusion. The instruments OHIP-14 and WHOQoL-bref were used to assess oral health related quality of life and general quality of life, respectively. Complete periodontal exams evaluated plaque visible index, gingival bleeding index, plaque retentive factors, probing depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level, on six sites per tooth. Furthermore, antropometrics, blood exams and interview with quality of life measures instruments were performed in baseline and six months after the beginning of the study. Both groups were similar in baseline. After six months, significant reductions on immediate treatment group for all clinical periodontal parameters were observed. The WHOQoL-bref analysis by domains showed no significant small changes, for both groups. After six months, a decrease of 18,6 to 15 (Δ=3,6) for the later treatment group and 15 to 5,7 (Δ=9,3) for the immediate treatment group was observed in the evaluation of OHIP-14 for total scores, with statistical significant differences between the groups (p=0,003). These differences resulted in an effect size of 0,27 (small) for the later treatment group and 0,78 (moderate) for the immediate treatment group. In domains analysis, significant differences for the immediate treatment group on functional limitation (p=0,006), psychological discomfort (p=0,001), physical incapacity (p=0,009) and psychological incapacity (p=0,007) domains, were found compared to later treatment group. In patients with Metabolic Syndrome, changes on quality of life perception measured by OHIP-14 were significant for immediate treatment group, compared to the later treatment group.

Thesis The Quality of Life Analysis at Educators and Propose a Program for Health Support in Tabor Region support especially deals with tutorial profession in the theoretical part, competence of teachers and provides the tutor profile. It describes quality of life concept in the next chapter. Important thing especially is the quality of the teacher´s life and its issue as well as the support of the teacher´s health. There was my aim to analyze the quality of tutor life in Tábor area in the research section and to propose and to verify the program of the health support. The research was realized on the base of questionnaire survey with the help of questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF. There was found a good life quality of the tutors and there was even the quality of life improved in the group that participated of my intervention program.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T19:56:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCristinaCavalcantiTinoco_DISSERT.pdf: 2278101 bytes, checksum: 9c175f7828460204dd99849c08d29edb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-11T21:32:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCristinaCavalcantiTinoco_DISSERT.pdf: 2278101 bytes, checksum: 9c175f7828460204dd99849c08d29edb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T21:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCristinaCavalcantiTinoco_DISSERT.pdf: 2278101 bytes, checksum: 9c175f7828460204dd99849c08d29edb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / As bibliotecas acad?micas brasileiras se multiplicaram e modernizaram a partir das avalia??es obrigat?rias do Sistema Federal de Educa??o Superior. Na UFRN, o Sistema ? composto por 22 bibliotecas. Fatores como gest?o tradicional, cren?as e valores divergentes, tarefas repetitivas, entediantes, ou desafiadoras, que demandam tecnologias atuais e o funcionamento extenso das bibliotecas s?o objetos de tens?es e conflitos que parecem atingir o trabalho e outras dimens?es da vida. As quest?es da pesquisa se voltaram para compreens?es consensuais sobre trabalho e qualidade de vida (QV) dos servidores dessas bibliotecas, para identificar poss?veis aproxima??es entre os fen?menos. O estudo tem base na Teoria das Representa??es Sociais (TRS) de Serge Moscovici, utiliza principalmente a Abordagem Dimensional, al?m da Abordagem Din?mica de Denise Jodelet. O objetivo ? caracterizar as representa??es sociais de trabalho, da QV e analisar poss?veis associa??es entre os fen?menos. Apresenta abordagem mista concomitante, com predomin?ncia de aspectos qualitativos, delineamento explorat?rio, descritivo e transversal, do tipo compreensivo com levantamento de dados. Foram realizadas 30 entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, com quest?es abertas monotem?ticas sobre trabalho e QV, quest?es objetivas sobre comportamentos e atitudes relacionados aos fen?menos estudados; percep??o subjetiva da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), dados sociodemogr?ficos e laborais para delinear o perfil dos participantes. As entrevistas analisadas com aux?lio de um software de an?lise textual e os dados objetivos com estat?stica descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados revelaram RS do trabalho heterog?neas. O trabalho foi vinculado a prazer, equil?brio, harmonia, oportunidade de crescimento, mas tamb?m a subsist?ncia, obriga??o, responsabilidade e dever. Nas RS de QV o conte?do tamb?m se mostrou poliss?mico. A QV foi vinculada especialmente ao desejo de equil?brio (fam?lia x trabalho, sa?de x dinheiro, emocional x f?sico), chamando aten??o para a import?ncia das rela??es sociais (fam?lia, amigos, colegas de trabalho) na obten??o de maior QV. Nas an?lises estat?sticas h? poucas varia??es nas idades, no entanto, quanto maior a idade menor o escore de QV no WHOQOL-Bref. Em m?dia os participantes obtiveram bons escores na percep??o de QV. Menores escores para o dom?nio ambiente mostraram insatisfa??o com aspectos ergon?micos do trabalho. Espera-se, com a divulga??o, contribuir para novos olhares sobre o trabalho e a qualidade de vida; fomentar indica??es e diretrizes para a??es de gest?o e fortalecer pol?ticas institucionais. / Brazilian academic libraries multiplied and modernized as a result of mandatory evaluations of the Federal System of Higher Education. In UFRN, the system is consisted of 22 libraries.Factors such as traditional management, divergent values and beliefs, repetitive, boring or challenging tasks, which requires modern technologies and the extensive operation of libraries, are objects of tensions and conflicts that affect work and other aspects of life.The questions of this survey are focused on consensual understandings on work and quality of life of employees from these libraries to identify possible similarities between these phenomena. The study is based on the Theory of Social Representations (TSR) of Serge Moscovici, and primarily uses the perspective of Dimensional Approach, in addition to Denise Jodelet's Dynamic Approach. Its purpose is to characterize social representations of work, quality of life and analyze possible associations between these phenomena. It presentes concurrent mixed approach, with a predominance of qualitative aspects, exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional design, with comprehensive data collection. Thirty individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted, with monothematic, open questions about work and quality of life; objective questions about behaviors and attitudes related to the studied phenomena; subjective perception of quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), and socio-demographic and labor data to outline the profile of the participants. The interviews were analyzed with the aid of a textual analysis software and objective data with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed heterogeneous Social Representations of work. The meaning of work was related to pleasure, balance, harmony and growth opportunity, but also subsistence, obligation, responsibility and duty. Social Representations on Quality of Life (QoL) content was also polysemic. QoL was related especially for desire of balance (family x labor, health x money, physical x emotional), drawing attention to the importance of social relationships (family, friends, co-workers) for acquiring more QoL.Statistical analyzes identified little variations among age ranges; however, the greater the age, the lower the QoL score in the WHOQOL-Bref. On average the participants achieved good scores in the perception of QoL. Lower scores for work environment showed dissatisfaction with ergonomic aspects of work. It is expected that this study contributes to new perspectives on labor and quality of life and foster indications and guidelines for internal actions and strengthen institutional policies.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de Síndrome Metabólica (SM), em uma amostra de 48 pacientes. Os pacientes apresentavam diagnóstico de Periodontite e SM e foram randomizados para dois grupos de tratamento: um grupo ao qual era oferecido tratamento periodontal imediato e outro grupo de tratamento tardio, que receberia o tratamento periodontal após seis meses da sua inclusão no estudo. Para aferir qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e qualidade de vida geral, foram usados os instrumentos OHIP-14 e WHOQoL-bref, respectivamente. Exames periodontais completos avaliaram Índice de placa visível, Índice de sangramento gengival, Fatores retentivos de placa, Profundidade de sondagem, Sangramento à sondagem e Nível de inserção clínica, em seis sítios por dente. Além disso, exames antropométricos, exames sorológicos e entrevistas com os questionários de qualidade de vida foram realizados no momento inicial e após seis meses do início do estudo. Os dois grupos se mostraram semelhantes no momento inicial. Após seis meses, foram observadas reduções significativas no grupo de tratamento imediato para todos os parâmetros periodontais clínicos. A análise do WHOQoL-bref por domínios mostrou pequenas alterações não significativas em ambos os grupos. Na avaliação dos escores totais de OHIP-14 foi observada, após 6 meses, uma redução de 18,6 para 15 (Δ=3,6) no grupo tardio e de 15 para 5,7 (Δ=9,3) no grupo imediato, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos (p=0,003). Essas diferenças resultaram em um tamanho de efeito de 0,27 (pequeno) para o grupo tardio e 0,78 (moderado) para o grupo imediato. Na análise por domínios, foram encontradas diferenças significativas para o grupo imediato nos domínios limitação funcional (p=0,006), desconforto psicológico (p=0,001), incapacidade física (p=0,009) e incapacidade psicológica (p=0,007), comparado ao grupo tardio. Em pacientes portadores da SM, as mudanças na percepção da qualidade de vida aferidas pelo OHIP-14 foram significativas para o grupo de pacientes que recebeu tratamento periodontal imediato, em comparação ao grupo que recebeu o tratamento tardio. / The aim of this study was to assess the effect of periodontal treatment in quality of life of patients with Metabolic Syndrome, in a sample of 48 patients. The patients showed diagnosis of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome and were randomized for two treatment groups: 1) immediate periodontal treatment 2) later treatment, six months after study inclusion. The instruments OHIP-14 and WHOQoL-bref were used to assess oral health related quality of life and general quality of life, respectively. Complete periodontal exams evaluated plaque visible index, gingival bleeding index, plaque retentive factors, probing depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level, on six sites per tooth. Furthermore, antropometrics, blood exams and interview with quality of life measures instruments were performed in baseline and six months after the beginning of the study. Both groups were similar in baseline. After six months, significant reductions on immediate treatment group for all clinical periodontal parameters were observed. The WHOQoL-bref analysis by domains showed no significant small changes, for both groups. After six months, a decrease of 18,6 to 15 (Δ=3,6) for the later treatment group and 15 to 5,7 (Δ=9,3) for the immediate treatment group was observed in the evaluation of OHIP-14 for total scores, with statistical significant differences between the groups (p=0,003). These differences resulted in an effect size of 0,27 (small) for the later treatment group and 0,78 (moderate) for the immediate treatment group. In domains analysis, significant differences for the immediate treatment group on functional limitation (p=0,006), psychological discomfort (p=0,001), physical incapacity (p=0,009) and psychological incapacity (p=0,007) domains, were found compared to later treatment group. In patients with Metabolic Syndrome, changes on quality of life perception measured by OHIP-14 were significant for immediate treatment group, compared to the later treatment group.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de Síndrome Metabólica (SM), em uma amostra de 48 pacientes. Os pacientes apresentavam diagnóstico de Periodontite e SM e foram randomizados para dois grupos de tratamento: um grupo ao qual era oferecido tratamento periodontal imediato e outro grupo de tratamento tardio, que receberia o tratamento periodontal após seis meses da sua inclusão no estudo. Para aferir qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e qualidade de vida geral, foram usados os instrumentos OHIP-14 e WHOQoL-bref, respectivamente. Exames periodontais completos avaliaram Índice de placa visível, Índice de sangramento gengival, Fatores retentivos de placa, Profundidade de sondagem, Sangramento à sondagem e Nível de inserção clínica, em seis sítios por dente. Além disso, exames antropométricos, exames sorológicos e entrevistas com os questionários de qualidade de vida foram realizados no momento inicial e após seis meses do início do estudo. Os dois grupos se mostraram semelhantes no momento inicial. Após seis meses, foram observadas reduções significativas no grupo de tratamento imediato para todos os parâmetros periodontais clínicos. A análise do WHOQoL-bref por domínios mostrou pequenas alterações não significativas em ambos os grupos. Na avaliação dos escores totais de OHIP-14 foi observada, após 6 meses, uma redução de 18,6 para 15 (Δ=3,6) no grupo tardio e de 15 para 5,7 (Δ=9,3) no grupo imediato, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos (p=0,003). Essas diferenças resultaram em um tamanho de efeito de 0,27 (pequeno) para o grupo tardio e 0,78 (moderado) para o grupo imediato. Na análise por domínios, foram encontradas diferenças significativas para o grupo imediato nos domínios limitação funcional (p=0,006), desconforto psicológico (p=0,001), incapacidade física (p=0,009) e incapacidade psicológica (p=0,007), comparado ao grupo tardio. Em pacientes portadores da SM, as mudanças na percepção da qualidade de vida aferidas pelo OHIP-14 foram significativas para o grupo de pacientes que recebeu tratamento periodontal imediato, em comparação ao grupo que recebeu o tratamento tardio. / The aim of this study was to assess the effect of periodontal treatment in quality of life of patients with Metabolic Syndrome, in a sample of 48 patients. The patients showed diagnosis of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome and were randomized for two treatment groups: 1) immediate periodontal treatment 2) later treatment, six months after study inclusion. The instruments OHIP-14 and WHOQoL-bref were used to assess oral health related quality of life and general quality of life, respectively. Complete periodontal exams evaluated plaque visible index, gingival bleeding index, plaque retentive factors, probing depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level, on six sites per tooth. Furthermore, antropometrics, blood exams and interview with quality of life measures instruments were performed in baseline and six months after the beginning of the study. Both groups were similar in baseline. After six months, significant reductions on immediate treatment group for all clinical periodontal parameters were observed. The WHOQoL-bref analysis by domains showed no significant small changes, for both groups. After six months, a decrease of 18,6 to 15 (Δ=3,6) for the later treatment group and 15 to 5,7 (Δ=9,3) for the immediate treatment group was observed in the evaluation of OHIP-14 for total scores, with statistical significant differences between the groups (p=0,003). These differences resulted in an effect size of 0,27 (small) for the later treatment group and 0,78 (moderate) for the immediate treatment group. In domains analysis, significant differences for the immediate treatment group on functional limitation (p=0,006), psychological discomfort (p=0,001), physical incapacity (p=0,009) and psychological incapacity (p=0,007) domains, were found compared to later treatment group. In patients with Metabolic Syndrome, changes on quality of life perception measured by OHIP-14 were significant for immediate treatment group, compared to the later treatment group.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T18:34:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tereza Yoshie Ikegami - 2014.pdf: 4173121 bytes, checksum: 40f69d0a256dfd9171932287659d381f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-31T13:07:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tereza Yoshie Ikegami - 2014.pdf: 4173121 bytes, checksum: 40f69d0a256dfd9171932287659d381f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:07:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tereza Yoshie Ikegami - 2014.pdf: 4173121 bytes, checksum: 40f69d0a256dfd9171932287659d381f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / Outro / The purpose of this study was to assess QOL (quality of life) of workers of Board of Public Security and Justice of the State of Goias, Brazil, and to identify the socio-demographic and occupational variables that may influence their QOL. This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study, conducted in the metropolitan region and countryside municipalities of the state. The institutions studied were the Military Police (MP), the Firefighting Brigade (FB), the Civilian Police (CP) and the Technical and Scientific Police (TSP). Data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Bref (Whoqol-bref) and a questionnaire with socio-demographic and occupational variables of interest. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 18.0. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were calculated for the variables of interest. To evaluate the association between explanatory variables and the QOL scores (and their domains), the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used with p<5%. Of 1.039 workers (356 of MP, 275 of FB, 188 of CP and 203 of TSP), 78.1% were male, the predominant age was 31-50 years old; 76.4% were married or in a stable relationship. Regarding length of working in public service, 57.3% had been working up to 15 years. Of the 1.039 respondents, 62.4% were in field work activities. The scores of overall QOL and of the physical, psychological and social domains were very good; as for the environmental domain, the scores were good. The following variables were statistically significant for a better QOL: being married, working at countryside municipalities, field work activities and exercising regularly. The following variables were associated with a worse QOL: being female and having a sick family member. Good scores of QOL means offering the minimum conditions for individuals to develop the maximum of their potential to live, feel, love, work and produce. / A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) dos trabalhadores da Secretaria de Segurança Pública e Justiça do Estado de Goiás (SSPJGO) e identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais que podem influenciar a QV destes servidores. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado nas instituições de segurança pública (ISP) da região metropolitana e cidades do interior do estado de Goiás. As instituições estudadas foram: a Polícia Militar (PM), o Corpo de Bombeiros Militar (CBM), a Polícia Civil (PC) e a Superintendência de Polícia Técnico-Científica (SPTC). Os dados foram coletados usando o instrumento abreviado de avaliação da QV da Organização Mundial da Saúde – World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument bref (Whoqol-bref) – e um questionário com as variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais de interesse. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, com medidas de tendência central, para as variáveis de interesse. Para avaliar a associação entre variáveis de interesse e os escores da QV geral e dos seus domínios, foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, com p<5%. A amostra foi constituída de 1.039 servidores, sendo 356 da PM, 275 do CBM, 188 da PC e 203 da SPTC; com 78,1% homens; predominando as faixas etárias de 31 a 50 anos; 76,4% referiram ser casados ou em união estável. Com relação ao tempo de trabalho no serviço público, 57,3% dos servidores tinham até 15 anos. Dos 1.039 respondentes, 62,4% está em atividade operacional. Os escores da QV geral e nos domínios físico, psicológico e social foram muito bons e, no domínio ambiental, bom. As variáveis que apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa para uma melhor QV foram: ser casado, estar lotado no interior, trabalhar em atividade operacional e praticar atividade física regular. As seguintes variáveis tiveram associação estatisticamente significativa para pior QV dos servidores estudados: ser do sexo feminino, ter algum familiar doente e trabalhar em escalas extras. Os níveis dos escores da QV, considerados bons, significam uma QV que oferece o mínimo de condições para que os indivíduos possam desenvolver o máximo de suas potencialidades de viver, sentir, amar, trabalhar e produzir.

Les derniers siècles du moyen âge européen pourraient être surnommés ‘l'ère de la déconstruction.' aussi, les œuvres littéraires se caractérisent-elles par l'hybridation ou la contamination de traditions et de modèles différents. leur dissonance interpelle. l'impossibilité à les faire entrer dans un cadre de référence précis, la difficulté à les classer témoigne de cette particularité. nous aborderons la question du point de vue du récit bref, en explorant le champ diversifié, européen, de la nouvelle du xiiie au xvie siècle. les conditions culturelles et politiques (système de cours diffusant à partir d'un cadre géographique précis, déplacements des auteurs, échanges et créations entre lieux artistiques et culturels spécifiques, ritualisation des pratiques littéraires, radicalisation des formes poétiques fixes), tout conduit à adopter face à l' ‘objet' littéraire une approche à la fois rigoureuse et pragmatique. l'enjeu est de dépasser les habituels cadrages critiques. a cette fin nous programmons trois directions qui contribueront à mieux définir notre objet :1° normes littéraires et esthétiques : transformations et dépassements. les innovations, les interférences créent les conditions d'un changement d'approche de l'écriture du récit bref. héritières du fabliau et du lai, les nouvelles médiévales ne sont pas encore le produit fini d'une pratique littéraire. les expérimentations (boccace, chaucer, antoine de la sale, cent nouvelles nouvelles, evangile des quenouilles) sont des solutions de compromis entre des formulations encore hésitantes. la nouvelle ne se présente pas comme une réalisation uniforme : les textes circulent et sont modelés par des échanges entre des lieux de productions et de diffusions qui ont leur logique propre (bourgogne, anjou-provence, cités-états italiens…). c'est dans une perspective dynamique que nous nous attacherons à disséquer ces tâtonnements, à repérer des modèles unificateurs et des tensions avec des traditions locales ;2° inscription du sujet dans l'œuvre : qu'il s'agisse de productions savantes ou populaires, d'auteurs uniques ou de travaux collectifs, leur genèse est multiple et diversifiée et passe à chaque fois par une approche critique singulière. les différentes formes de récits brefs ne s'inscrivent pas dans les mêmes temporalités ni dans les mêmes espaces. dans cette exploration, se posera la question complexe de l'inscription du sujet dans la fiction. de boccace à antoine de la sale l'engagement est différent, les méthodes, les pratiques et les résultats diversifiés. d'autres paramètres peuvent rendre plus complexe l'approche critique. c'est le cas de l'evangile des quenouilles. ce recueil de nouvelles racontées oralement par des femmes subit l'empreinte cléricale au moment de la mise en forme, le récit est biaisé par une tradition écrite qui édulcore la parole originelle et la transforme. l'œuvre est ainsi le produit de plusieurs médiations qui renforcent la ‘problématicité' de la nouvelle en y ajoutant la question du ‘genre' (‘gender'). les relations de l'œuvre au réel en sont modifiées.3° la circulation des textes dans cette europe virtuelle soulève une question plus profondément philosophique relative à la crise des croyances à l'aube de la renaissance européenne : qu'il s'agisse des lieux communs, des poncifs de la théologie morale, de l'esprit d'ouverture de l'humanisme naissant ou de l'idée de réformation, les implications politiques et religieuses ne cessent de soulever un questionnement lancinant sur les enjeux des transformations des formes littéraires. la question est encore plus urgente pour la nouvelle. / At the end of the Middle Ages, literary works can be characterised by the hybridisation, or the contamination, of disparate traditions and models. Their dissonance is striking. The impossibility of shoehorning them into the same precise frame of reference and the difficulty in classifying them bears witness to this particularity.We will approach the question from the point of view of the short narrative, exploring the diversified, European domain of the novella from the 13th to the 16th century.The cultural and political conditions (system of knowledge diffusing from a precise geographical frame, authors’ movements, exchanges and collaborations between two specific artistic and cultural spaces, ritualisation of literary practices, radicalisation of fixed poetic form) all lead to applying both a rigorous and a pragmatic approach to the literary ‘object’. Our objective is to go beyond the habitual critical framework.Thus it is with this dynamic and pragmatic perspective that we will set about dissecting these experimentations, these still-hesitant formulae governed by the mutability of the medieval text, which drifts from one form to another. This is also the case for the short narrative that we see elsewhere in the ‘fabliau’, the ‘conte à rire’, the novel, and memoir. These transformations confront us with the choice of individualised approaches for each work, for the application of each short story will forever remain unique and unclassable. Is it not a reflection of a late-medieval society which is searching and has not yet found the definitive form for the expression of new aspirations? It is the only criterion which allows us to define the ‘style’ of the novella.

La matrice de transmission permet de décrire les effets produit par un milieu multi-diffusant sur une onde monochromatique incidente. L'objectif des travaux présentés dans cette thèse est de développer le concept de matrice de transmission d'un milieu multi-diffusant au cas plus général d'une onde polychromatique impulsionnelle ultra-brève. Dans ce manuscrit nous présentons et mesurons la matrice de transmission multi-spectrale d'un milieu complexe. Cette nouvelle matrice nous donne l'information fondamentale sur le couplage spatio-temporel et spatio-spectral que le milieu engendre au passage d'une onde ultra-brève. Elle permet aussi de contrôler une source monochromatique et polychromatique, après avoir traversé un milieu complexe, de manière déterministe. Nous exploitons ainsi cette connaissance du milieu pour compenser les distorsions du champs en focalisant, façonnant et contrôlant spatialement, spectralement et temporellement un laser ultra-bref grâce à la seule mesure d'une matrice de transmission multi-spectrale. Cette méthode ouvre les portes de plusieurs applications d'imagerie à travers des milieux complexes, ainsi que pour l'interaction lumière-matière en milieux diffusants. / The transmission matrix allows to describe the effects generated by a multiple scattering medium on an incident monochromatic wave. The aim of the work presented in this dissertation is to develop the concept of transmission matrix of a multiple scattering medium to the more general case of a polychromatic ultra-fast pulsed light. In this dissertation we present and measure the multi-spectral transmission matrix of a complex medium. This new matrix describes the spatio-temporal coupling and the spatio-spectral coupling induced by the medium on a polycrhomatic illumination passing through it. The measurement of the multi-spectral transmission matrix allows us to control a monochromatic as well as a polychromatic source, after being scattered by the medium, in a deterministic way. We exploit this knowledge about the medium to compensate the distortions of the optical field by focusing, shaping and controlling spatially, spectrally and temporally an ultra-fast laser, thanks to the knowledge of the multi-spectral transmission matrix. This method paves the way towards many applications in the domain of imaging and light-matter interaction of light through complex media.

Title: Quality of life of people after spinal cord injury practicing outdoor sports and physical activities Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the quality of life of people after spinal cord injury who participe in outdoor sports or physical activities in their lesure time. The subsequent aim was to compare the obtained results with selected groups of people without spinal cord injury and people after spinal cord injury who do not primarily engage in outdoor sports. Methods: The standardized WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire from World Health Organization was used to measure the quality of life in this thesis. The data collection was done online and the data were evaluated according to the relevant manual using Microsoft Excel. The results are presented in tables and graphs for clarity, including verbal descriptions. A total of 32 people with post-traumatic spinal cord injury (23 men and 9 women) aged 30-75 years participated in the study. 11 of whom had quadriplegia and 21 had paraplegia/paraparesis. Results: The research showed that the quality of life of people after spinal cord injury practicing outdoor sports and physical activities is best rated in the are of experience (15,54 points) and in the area of environment (15,31 points). The score were 14,93 for physical health and...